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    Properties of Solid: Magnetic Property of Solids

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    sharad
    The magnetic properties of solids depend on the magnetic properties of their constituent atoms and ions. Electrons in atoms have orbital and spin motions that create magnetic fields. Solids can be paramagnetic, meaning they are weakly magnetized in the same direction as an external magnetic field but do not retain magnetism after removal from the field. They can also be diamagnetic, meaning they are weakly magnetized in the opposite direction of an external magnetic field. Ferromagnetic solids are strongly magnetized in the same direction as an external field and can retain magnetism after its removal due to magnetic domains within the material. Antiferromagnetic solids have oppositely aligned domains that cancel out their overall magnetism.

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    Properties of Solid: Magnetic Property of Solids

    Uploaded by

    sharad
    200 views12 pages
    The magnetic properties of solids depend on the magnetic properties of their constituent atoms and ions. Electrons in atoms have orbital and spin motions that create magnetic fields. Solids can be paramagnetic, meaning they are weakly magnetized in the same direction as an external magnetic field but do not retain magnetism after removal from the field. They can also be diamagnetic, meaning they are weakly magnetized in the opposite direction of an external magnetic field. Ferromagnetic solids are strongly magnetized in the same direction as an external field and can retain magnetism after its removal due to magnetic domains within the material. Antiferromagnetic solids have oppositely aligned domains that cancel out their overall magnetism.

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    PROPERTIES OF SOLID

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    The magnetic properties of solids depend on the magnetic properties of their constituent atoms and ions. Electrons in atoms have orbital and spin motions that create magnetic fields. Solids can be paramagnetic, meaning they are weakly magnetized in the same direction as an external magnetic field but do not retain magnetism after removal from the field. They can also be diamagnetic, meaning they are weakly magnetized in the opposite direction of an external magnetic field. Ferromagnetic solids are strongly magnetized in the same direction as an external field and can retain magnetism after its removal due to magnetic domains within the material. Antiferromagnetic solids have oppositely aligned domains that cancel out their overall magnetism.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    200 views12 pages

    Properties of Solid: Magnetic Property of Solids

    Uploaded by

    sharad
    The magnetic properties of solids depend on the magnetic properties of their constituent atoms and ions. Electrons in atoms have orbital and spin motions that create magnetic fields. Solids can be paramagnetic, meaning they are weakly magnetized in the same direction as an external magnetic field but do not retain magnetism after removal from the field. They can also be diamagnetic, meaning they are weakly magnetized in the opposite direction of an external magnetic field. Ferromagnetic solids are strongly magnetized in the same direction as an external field and can retain magnetism after its removal due to magnetic domains within the material. Antiferromagnetic solids have oppositely aligned domains that cancel out their overall magnetism.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    PROPERTIES OF SOLID

    XII

    Magnetic Property of Solids


    The magnetic properties of a solid are the result
    of the magnetic property of the atoms or ions of
    these solids.

    Magnetism and magnetization of a solid will depend on the


    movement of electrons in an atom.
    This magnetic behaviour of the electrons of an atom is due
    to the movement patterns. They have specifically two
    types of movements,

    •Electrons revolve around the nucleus of the atom

    •Electrons also spin on their own axis, spins in opposite


    sides are labelled with + and – signs.
    These constant motions make an electric field around the
    electrons, almost like a loop of current which lends it its
    magnetic property.
    On the basis of their magnetic properties, solids can be classified
    into five categories.
    Paramagnetic
    These substances are weakly magnetized in an external magnetic field.
    The direction is the same direction of the magnetic field. So they gain a
    net magnetization
    When we remove the paramagnetic substance from the field, the
    alignment of electrons is interrupted and the substance will lose its
    magnetic property.
    Thus paramagnetic substances are not permanent magnets.
    Diamagnetic
    Just like paramagnetism, in diamagnetism too the substances
    are magnetized in an external magnetic field. But diamagnetic
    solids are repelled in the field. The magnetic property effected
    in them is in the opposite direction of the magnetic fields and
    thus they have a repulsive force.
    In diamagnetic substances, all electrons in their last shell are
    paired, there are no unpaired valence electrons. This is the
    reason that the magnetic moment of their atoms is nearly zero.
    Examples are substances like Sodium Chloride, B
    Ferromagnetic
    Now, these solids are strongly magnetized when we place them
    in an external magnetic field. Besides the very strong attraction
    forces, these solids can actually be magnetized permanently.
    This means that even when the external magnetic fields are
    removed the solids will retain their magnetic properties.
    It is a widely believed theory that the ferromagnetic structures
    have certain special characteristics. They have what we call
    “domains’ which is a special grouping of metal ions. Each
    domain is similar to a small magnet. In an electromagnetic
    field, these domains rearrange themselves and align themselves
    with the magnetic field. In a non-magnetized metal, these
    domains are randomly arranged and it cancels out their
    magnetic properties.

    The examples of ferromagnetic solids include Cobalt, Nickel,


    Chromium Oxide etc.
    Antiferromagnetic
    In antiferromagnetism, the domain structures of the solid are
    very similar to those of ferromagnetic solids. But here the
    domains are oppositely oriented. This means they cancel out
    each other’s magnetism.

    Ferrimagnetic
    These substances occur when magnetic moments are aligned in
    both directions (parallel as well as anti-parallel) but in unequal
    numbers. These are weakly attracted to magnetic fields. Also on
    heating, these substances will lose their ferrimagnetism
    altogether.

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