PDC Bit Design: Bit Profile and Cutter Orientation
PDC Bit Design: Bit Profile and Cutter Orientation
PDC Bit Design: Bit Profile and Cutter Orientation
• Force Balancing
Bit Profile
• Advantages
High degree of bit stability
Increase diamond volume in center
• Disadvantages
Decrease steerability.
Decrease cleaning efficiency.
Decrease in bit aggressiveness.
Shallow Cone Profiles
• Advantages
Increased steerability.
Increased bit cleaning.
Increased aggressiveness.
• Disadvantages
Decreased stability.
Decreased diamond volume.
Defining Nose Location
• Nose
Described by its radius and location.
L
R
Nose Radius
• Shoulder
Extends from outside nose tangent to the start of ODR.
• ODR
“Outside Diameter Radius” provides a smooth transition
between Shoulder and Gauge.
• Gage
Helps to stabilize the bit and maintain an in gauge hole.
Bit Profile Types
• 4 general types
Flat
Short Parabolic
Medium Parabolic
Long Parabolic
Long Parabolic
Medium Parabolic
Short Parabolic
Flat
Bit Profile Types
Long Parabolic
Medium Parabolic
Short Parabolic
Flat
Back Rake Angle
30°
10°
Typical Back Rake Angles
• Back Rake Angle • Formation Hardness
5° to 10° Very soft clays/shales.
Low angle produces highest
ROP’s
All formations.
20°
Improves cutter life.
Best in abrasive/sand formations
Harder formations
30°
Typically used on gage
Cutter Placement and Orientation
• Radial Position
Distance from bit center to center
of PDC wafer.
R.P
• Inclination Angle
Angle of PDC cutter along the bit
profile relative to the vertical axis
of the bit.
I.A
Cutter Placement and Orientation
• Angular Position
Angle between a 0° reference line
and a line passing through the bit A.P
and cutter wafer centers. Ref.
• Longitudinal Position
0 REF.
It is the vertical distance from a
predetermined horizontal plane
to the wafer center. L.P
• Fc=Circumferential Force