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Topic 6 Basic Electronics - Transistor

This document provides information about transistors, including their basic functions, types, and specifications. It discusses how transistors can be used as switches and amplifiers. The two main types of transistors are bipolar and field effect transistors. Bipolar transistors come in NPN and PNP varieties. Choosing the right transistor depends on specifications like maximum collector current and current gain. Heat sinks are used to dissipate heat from power transistors. Transistor codes provide information to identify transistor specifications and applications.

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JENNIFER SERVO
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
77 views

Topic 6 Basic Electronics - Transistor

This document provides information about transistors, including their basic functions, types, and specifications. It discusses how transistors can be used as switches and amplifiers. The two main types of transistors are bipolar and field effect transistors. Bipolar transistors come in NPN and PNP varieties. Choosing the right transistor depends on specifications like maximum collector current and current gain. Heat sinks are used to dissipate heat from power transistors. Transistor codes provide information to identify transistor specifications and applications.

Uploaded by

JENNIFER SERVO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transistor

Basic Electronics: Lessons


OBJECTIVES
• Identify and classify
transistor based on their
specification.
• Describe the function of the
different types of Transistor.
Transistor
• Transistors amplify current
Transistor
• A transistor may be used as
a switch and as an amplifier.
Transistor
• The amount of current amplification
is called the current gain, symbol hFE.
Types of Transistor
Types of Transistor
• Bi-Polar
• Field Effect

BJT stands for Bipolar Junction Transistors.


FET stands for Field Effect Transistors.
JFET stands for Junction Field Effect Transistors.
MOSFET stands for Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect
Transistors.
CMOS stands for Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Field Effect Transistors.
Pg.48
Types of Transistor
• There are two types of standard
transistors, NPN and PNP, with
different circuit symbols.
• The letters refer to the layers of
semiconductor material used to
make the transistor.
Types of Transistor
NPN Transistor
•  Most transistors used today are NPN
because this is the easiest type to
make from silicon. If you are new to
electronics it is best to start by
learning how to use NPN transistors.
NPN Transistor
• The leads are
labelled base (B), collector (C)
and emitter (E).
NPN Transistor
• BASE - which is the lead
responsible for activating
the transistor.
• COLLECTOR - which is the
positive lead.
• EMITTER - which is the
negative lead.
Transistor as a Switch
Activity: Transistor Switch
Activity
• With the diagram shown, construct the
circuit in a bread board and simulate the
transistor switch circuit
• Use cut wires to connect each
component in the bread board
Transistor as a Switch
Working Principle
• The circuit shown is based on an NPN
transistor.
• When the switch is pressed a current passes
through the resistor into the base of the
transistor.
• The transistor then allows current to flow
from the +9 volts to the 0vs, and the lamp
comes on.
Working Principle
• The transistor has to receive a voltage at its
‘base’ and until this happens the lamp does not
light.
• The resistor is present to protect the transistor
as they can be damaged easily by too high a
voltage / current.
• Transistors are an essential component in many
circuits and are sometimes used to amplify a
signal.
Connecting and Soldering
Connecting and soldering
• Transistors can be damaged by heat when
soldering so if you are not an expert it is
wise to use a heat sink clipped to the lead
between the joint and the transistor body.
• A standard crocodile clip can be used as a
heat sink.
Heat Sink
Heat Sink
• Waste heat is produced in transistors due
to the current flowing through them.
• Heat sinks are needed for power
transistors because they pass large
currents.
Heat Sink
• If you find that a transistor is becoming
too hot to touch it certainly needs a heat
sink!
• The heat sink helps to dissipate (remove)
the heat by transferring it to the
surrounding air.
Transistor codes
Transistor codes: Codes beginning with B (or
A)

for example BC108, BC478 


• The first letter B is for silicon, A is for
germanium (rarely used now).
• The second letter indicates the type; for
example C means low power audio
frequency; D means high power audio
frequency; F means low power high
frequency.
Transistor codes: Codes beginning with B (or
A)

for example BC108, BC478 


• The rest of the code identifies the
particular transistor. 
Transistor codes: Codes beginning with TIP
for example TIP31A  
• TIP refers to the manufacturer: Texas
Instruments Power transistor.
• The letter at the end identifies versions
with different voltage ratings.
Transistor codes: Codes beginning with 2N
for example 2N3053 
• The initial '2N' identifies the part as a
transistor and the rest of the code
identifies the particular transistor.
• There is no obvious logic to the
numbering system.
Choosing a Transistor
Choosing a Transistor
• Most projects will specify a particular
transistor, but if necessary you can
usually substitute an equivalent
transistor from the wide range available.
Choosing a Transistor
• The most important properties to look
for are the maximum collector current
IC and the current gain hFE.
• To make selection easier most suppliers
group their transistors in categories
determined either by their typical use or
maximum power rating.
Transistor Pin out
Transistor Pin out
Do we learn something new?
Transistor
Basic Electronics
Transistor
• Transistors amplify current
• A transistor may be used as
a switch and as an amplifier.
Types of Transistor
• Bi-Polar
• Field Effect
Types of Transistor
• There are two types of standard
transistors, NPN and PNP, with
different circuit symbols.
• The letters refer to the layers of
semiconductor material used to
make the transistor.
Choosing a Transistor
• The most important properties to look
for are the maximum collector current
IC and the current gain hFE.
That’s All

Thank You!
Transistor Quiz
Answer the following questions
Question no: 1 & 2
Give the two common uses of
transistors on a circuit.
Question no: 3 & 4
Give the two basic types of
transistors.
Question no: 5 - 7
What are the three basic types
of Bipolar Transistors?
Question no: 8
Draw the symbol of an NPN
Bipolar Transistor
Question no: 9
Draw the symbol of an PNP
Bipolar Transistor
Question no: 10
This helps to dissipate (remove)
the heat from a transistor by
transferring it to the
surrounding air.
Question no: 11-12
The two important value
needed in identifying transistors
Answers
Answer Q no: 1 & 2

Switch
Amplifier
Answer Q no: 3 & 4

Bipolar Transistor
Field Effect Transistor
Answer Q no: 5 -7
Small Signal and Switching
High Frequency
Power
Answer Q no: 8

NPN
Answer Q no: 9

PNP
Answer Q no: 10

Heat Sink
Answer Q no: 11 & 12

Current Gain
Maximum Collector
Current
Check your Scores
Next Lesson

Integrated Circuits

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