Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
86 views

Chapter 2

This chapter discusses diode circuits including rectifier circuits, Zener diode voltage regulators, and waveshaping circuits like clippers and clampers. It covers analyzing circuits containing single diodes as well as techniques for analyzing circuits with multiple diodes. Specific diode circuits examined include half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, voltage doublers, limiters, clampers, and logic gates. Load line analysis and equivalent circuit models are used to determine the voltage and current characteristics of the circuits.

Uploaded by

siti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
86 views

Chapter 2

This chapter discusses diode circuits including rectifier circuits, Zener diode voltage regulators, and waveshaping circuits like clippers and clampers. It covers analyzing circuits containing single diodes as well as techniques for analyzing circuits with multiple diodes. Specific diode circuits examined include half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, voltage doublers, limiters, clampers, and logic gates. Load line analysis and equivalent circuit models are used to determine the voltage and current characteristics of the circuits.

Uploaded by

siti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 41

Microelectronics

Circuit Analysis and Design

Donald A. Neamen

Chapter 2

Diode Circuits

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-1


McGraw-Hill
In this chapter, we will:
 Determine the operation and characteristics of
diode rectifier circuits, which is the first stage of
the process of converting an ac signal into a dc
signal in the electronic power supply.
 Apply the characteristics of the Zener diode to a
Zener diode voltage regulator circuit.
 Apply the nonlinear characteristics of diodes to
create waveshaping circuits known as clippers
and clampers.
 Examine the techniques used to analyze circuits
that contain more than one diode.
 Understand the operation and characteristics of
specialized photodiode and light-emitting diode
circuits.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-2
McGraw-Hill
Block Diagram
for ac to dc Converter

The diode rectifier, filter, and voltage regulator are diode circuits.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-3


McGraw-Hill
Problem-Solving Technique:
Diode Circuits

1. Determine the input voltage condition such


that the diode is conducting (on).
a. Find the output signal for this condition.
2. Determine the input voltage such that the
diode is not conducting (off).
a. Find the output signal for this condition.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-4


McGraw-Hill
Half-Wave Rectifier

Voltage Transfer
Characteristics

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-5


McGraw-Hill
Signals of Half Wave Rectifier

Input voltage Output voltage

Diode voltage

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-6


McGraw-Hill
Load Line Analysis

Load line when vS


is at its maximum
forward voltage.

Load line when vS


is at its most
negative value.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-7


McGraw-Hill
Load Line (con’t)

As vS varies with time, the load line also changes, which


changes the Q-point (vD and iD) of the diode.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-8
McGraw-Hill
Half-Wave Rectifier as
Battery Charger

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-9


McGraw-Hill
Full-Wave Rectifier

Voltage transfer characteristics

Input and output waveforms


Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-10
McGraw-Hill
Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier

When vS is positive, D1 and D2 are turned on (a). When vS is negative, D3 and D4


are turned on (b).
In either case, current flows through R in the same direction, resulting in an
output voltage, vO, shown in (c).
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-11
McGraw-Hill
Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-12


McGraw-Hill
Output Voltage of Full-Wave
Rectifier with RC Filter

VM 1
The ripple on the ‘dc’ output is Vr  where f 
2 fRC 2TP

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-13


McGraw-Hill
Output Voltage of Full-Wave
Rectifier with RC Filter

t 1 2Vr

T  VM

Diode conducts current for only a small portion of the period.


Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-14
McGraw-Hill
Equivalent Circuit During
Capacitance Charging Cycle

i C  CVM t
iC , peak  CVM t
2Vr
t 
VM

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-15


McGraw-Hill
PSpice Schematic of Diode
Bridge Circuit

Steady state output voltage for a


60Hz sine wave input with peak
value of 13.4V.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-16


McGraw-Hill
Demodulation of Amplitude-
Modulated Signal

Modulated input signal

Detector circuit

Demodulated output
signal

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-17


McGraw-Hill
Voltage Doubler Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-18


McGraw-Hill
Equivalent Circuits for
Input Cycles

Negative input cycle Positive input


cycle

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-19


McGraw-Hill
Voltage Regulator

VZ
IL 
RL
VPS  VZ
II 
Ri
IZ  II  IL

The characteristics of the Zener diode determines VL.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-20


McGraw-Hill
Design Example 2.5

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-21


McGraw-Hill
Load Line Analysis

The reverse bias I-V is important for Zener diodes.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-22


McGraw-Hill
Voltage Rectifier with
nonzero Zener resistance

The Zener diode begins to conduct when VPS = VZ.


When VPS ≥ VZ: VL = VZ
IL = VZ/RL,, but VZ ≠ constant
I1 = (VPS – VZ)/Ri
I Z = I 1 - IL
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-23
McGraw-Hill
Voltage Transfer Characteristics of
Limiter Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-24


McGraw-Hill
Single Diode Clipper

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-25


McGraw-Hill
Additional
Diode
Clipper
Circuits

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-26


McGraw-Hill
Parallel-Based Diode
Clipper Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-27


McGraw-Hill
Series-Based
Diode Clipper
Circuits

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-28


McGraw-Hill
Parallel-Based Clipper Circuit Using
Zener Diodes

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-29


McGraw-Hill
Diode Clamper Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-30


McGraw-Hill
Diode Clamper Circuit with Voltage
Source

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-31


McGraw-Hill
Diode and Resistor In Series

Voltage shift between input and output voltages in transfer


characteristics is because the diode only conducts when v1 ≥ V.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-32


McGraw-Hill
Diode with Input Voltage Source

Output voltage is a constant when the diode is not conducting,


when v1 ≥ Vs - V.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-33


McGraw-Hill
2 Diode Circuit

Voltage transfer characteristics

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-34


McGraw-Hill
Problem-Solving Technique:
Multiple Diode Circuits
1. Assume the state of the diode.
a. If assumed on, VD = V
b. If assumed off, ID = 0.
2. Analyze the ‘linear’ circuit with assumed
diode states.
3. Evaluate the resulting state of each diode.
4. If any initial assumptions are proven
incorrect, make new assumption and return
to Step 2.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-35


McGraw-Hill
Exercise problem

D1 is not on.

D2 is on.
This pins VO to -0.6V

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-36


McGraw-Hill
Diode Logic Circuits:
2-Input OR Gate

V1 (V) V2 (V) VO (V)

0 0 0

5 0 4.3

0 5 4.3

5 5 4.3

V = 0.7V

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-37


McGraw-Hill
Diode Logic Circuits:
2-Input AND Gate

V1 V2 VO
(V) (V) (V)
0 0 0

5 0 0

0 5 0

5 5 4.3

V = 0.7V

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-38


McGraw-Hill
Photodiode Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-39


McGraw-Hill
Optoisolator

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-40


McGraw-Hill
Design DC Power Supply Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 2-41


McGraw-Hill

You might also like