Animated PPT - Critical Thinking

CRITICAL THINKING
DEFINING “THINKING”
Why is the sky blue? Why doesn’t he/she like me? Is time travel possible?
As you start
asking questions
and seek answers,
you are in fact
THINKING.
In other words:-
Thinking is purposeful, organised process that we use to make sense of the world.
AS BLOOD IS TO THE BRAIN, THINKING IS TO THE MIND

CRITICAL THINKING & CREATIVE THINKING
Left Brain (Critical Thinking) Right Brain (Creative Thinking)
Logical Random
Sequential Intuitive
Rational Holistic
Analytical Synthesizing
Objective Subjective
Looks at Parts Looks at wholes

Some Thinking on Paulo Freire’s Critical Pedagogy
The terms, The questions of Critical thinking is :

Critical Thinking & ASKING QUESTIONS
Critical Pedagogy - Why and how –
or
used by always used for critical thinking
THE ART OF QUESTIONING
Paulo Frèire (1921–1997)
EDUCATION AS THE PRACTICE OF

FREEDOM
Transforming
Freire paid
and improving
attention to issues
Education for the education
of freedom and
Liberation situation of
authority in
oppression
education
DIALOGUE, PROBLEM-POSING EDUCATION AND CONSCIENTIZATION
Freire’s Problem-Posing Freire’s Literacy

Genuine Dialogue Method Based on
Represents a Form Education Strived for
Empowerment as an Conscientization and
of Humanizing
Aim of Education Dialogue
Praxis
WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING?
Critical thinking is Knowing,

the ability to think Not bein understand
ing,
clearly and with the
g conten
t analyzing,
rationally about solution
first
synthesizin
g,
what to do or what problem a
to
applying an
d
to believe. , but the
thinking evaluating
m
deeply a ore blem.
bout it. idea or pro
what
Looking for the rules
a Applying
is implied in problem
er of logic to
question rath
solving.
than what is
stated.
Questions to Encourage Critical Thinking
1. How do you know this?
2. How would your perspective be different if you were on the opposing side?
3. How would you solve this problem?
4. Do you agree or disagree — and why?
5. How could we avoid this problem in the future?
6. Why does it matter?
7. What is another way to look at this issue?
8. Can you give me an example?
9. How could it have ended differently?
10. When will we be able to tell if it worked?
11. Why did you ask that question?
12. Who would be affected by this?
13. What can this story teach us about our own lives?
14. Why is this a problem?
Four Aspects of Critical Thinking
CREATIVE
ABSTRACT SYSTEMATIC COMMUNICATIVE
THINKING
THINKING THINKING THINKING
Thinking “out of
Thinking past Organizing your Being precise in
the box,”
what your senses thoughts into giving your ideas
innovating
tell you logical steps to others
Critical Thinking Questions
for any situation
• What's happening?
• Why is it important?
• What don't I see?
• How do I know?
• Who is saying it?

Let’s think!!!
This is an old quiz developed by Anderson Consulting
Worldwide. Answer each question in order.
1. How do you put a giraffe into a refrigerator?
2. How do you put an elephant into a refrigerator?
3. The Lion King is hosting an animal conference. All the
animals attend ... except one. Which animal does not
attend?
4. There is a river you must cross but it is used by
crocodiles, and you do not have a boat. How do you
manage it?
Answer
• How do you put a giraffe into your refrigerator? Open the
refrigerator, put in the giraffe, and close the door. This
question tests whether you tend to do simple things in an
overly complicated way
• How do you put an elephant into your refrigerator? Did you

say, Open the refrigerator, put in the elephant, and close the
refrigerator? Wrong answer
• Correct answer: Open the refrigerator, take out the giraffe,

put in the elephant and close the door. This tests your ability
to think through the repercussions of your previous actions.
Answer contd….
• The Lion King is hosting an animal conference. All the animals
attend - except one. Which animal does not attend? Correct
Answer: The elephant. The elephant is in the refrigerator. You
just put him in there. This tests your memory. Okay, even if you
did not answer the first three questions correctly, you still have
one more chance to show your true abilities.
• There is a river you must cross but it is used by crocodiles, and

you do not have a boat. How do you manage it? Correct
Answer: You jump into the river and swim across. Have you
not been listening? All the crocodiles are attending the animal
conference. This tests whether you learn quickly from your
mistakes.
CRITICAL THINKING STEPS
• Analyze • Use formal logic
• Reasoning • Use scientific knowledge
• Evaluate • Look for real world
• Validate examples
• Conclude
CRITICAL THINKING STANDARDS
To think critically requires having command of these standards
❏ CLARITY
❏ ACCURACY
❏ PRECISION
❏ RELEVANCE
❏ DEPTH
❏ BREADTH
❏ LOGIC
❏ FAIRNESS
BARRIERS TO CRITICAL THINKING
• Poor reading skills • Distrust of reason

• Poor listening skills • Stereotyping
• Bias • Wishful thinking
• Prejudice • Selective perception / attention
• Superstition • Overpowering emotions
• Egocentrism • Face-saving
• Peer pressure • Fear of change
• Narrow-mindedness • Unwarranted assumptions
• Closed-mindedness • Lack of relevant background
information
Some Characteristics of Critical Thinker
• Are you OPEN MINDED about other people’s view?
• Are you HONEST to yourself (or others) when you are wrong?
• Do you have the COURAGE and PASSION to take initiative and confront
problems and meet challenges?
• Are you AWARE of your own biases and preconceptions?
• Are you interested in other people's ideas and so are WILLING TO READ AND
LISTEN attentively.
• Are you ready to PRACTICE FAIR MINDEDNESS, and seek a balance view?
• Do you WELCOME CRITICISM from other people?
• Do you have INDEPENDENT opinions and are not afraid to disagree?
• Do you base JUDGMENTS ON EVIDENCE rather than personal preferences?

Famous Quotes
“The function of education is to “Education is not the
teach one to think intensively learning of facts, but the
and to think critically.
training of the mind to
Intelligence plus character - that
think.”
is the goal of true education”
- Albert Einstein
- Martin Luther King, Jr.
“Five percent of the people

think; ten percent of the people
think they think; and the other
eighty-five per cent would
rather die than think.”
- Thomas A. Edison

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CRITICAL THINKING

AS BLOOD IS TO THE BRAIN, THINKING IS TO THE MIND

Left Brain (Critical Thinking) Right Brain (Creative Thinking)

Looks at Parts Looks at wholes

The terms, The questions of Critical thinking is :

EDUCATION AS THE PRACTICE OF

DIALOGUE, PROBLEM-POSING EDUCATION AND CONSCIENTIZATION

Freire’s Problem-Posing Freire’s Literacy

Critical thinking is Knowing,

• What don't I see?

• Who is saying it?

• How do you put an elephant into your refrigerator? Did you

• Correct answer: Open the refrigerator, take out the giraffe,

• There is a river you must cross but it is used by crocodiles, and

To think critically requires having command of these standards

• Poor reading skills • Distrust of reason

• Are you AWARE of your own biases and preconceptions?

• Do you WELCOME CRITICISM from other people?

• Do you have INDEPENDENT opinions and are not afraid to disagree?

• Do you base JUDGMENTS ON EVIDENCE rather than personal preferences?

“Five percent of the people

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