Part-2 Productivity of Earth Work Equipments
Part-2 Productivity of Earth Work Equipments
General
Productivity of Dragline
Productivity of Clamshell
Productivity of Hoe/Excavator
Grading Equipments
Productivity of Loader
Productivity of Dozer
Productivity of Scraper
Productivity of Grader
1. Determination of Production of an Equipment
Terminologies
Peak Productivity:
Productivity is the theoretical productivity governed by design limitations only.
Q p Vx fs x ff
3
1. Determination of Production of an Equipment
Terminologies
Actual Productivity:
Productivity
Q a Q p x fw x fj
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1. Determination of Production of an Equipment
Equipments can be broadly classified into two based on equipment productivity concepts:
Cyclic Operating or
Continuously Operating.
Operating
Cyclic operating equipments:
equipments These are machines which are intentionally or unintentionally influenced by their operators. The actual
productivity can be computed from:
Q a Vnx nox
60
no
T
o 5
1. Determination of Production of an Equipment
Continuously operating equipments:
equipments These are machines that continuously operate, like pumps, conveyor belts, etc. For
these kinds of machines:
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
Qa - Shovel family is dependent on the actual volume per cycle and the cycle time.
time
Vn – Volume per bucket.
Plate line capacity is the bucket volume contained within the bucket when following
the outline of the bucket sides.
sides
Struck capacity is the bucket capacity when the load is struck off flush with the bucket
sides.
Water line capacity assumes a level of material flush with the lowest edge of the bucket
(i.e., the material level corresponds to the water level that would result if the bucket
were filled with water).
Heaped volume is the maximum volume that can be placed in the bucket without
spillage based on a specified angle of repose for the material in the bucket.
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
Figure – Struck and Heaped Bucket Capacity (Caterpillar Inc.)
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
Commonly - Bucket ratings for the cable shovel, dragline, and cable backhoe are
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
Example 2.1
Estimate the actual bucket load in bank cubic meters for a loader bucket whose heaped capacity is
3.82 m3. The soil’s bucket fill factor is 0.9 and its load factor is 0.8.
Solution
Bucket load = Bucket Volume x B.F.F x fL = 3.82Lm3x0.9x0.8 = 2.75Bm3
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
CYCLE TIME (n ) = Number of cycle /Unit Time = 60/T ,
o c
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
A. Productivity of Face Shovel (Power Shovel)
The production capacity or output of a shovel is expressed in cubic meter
per hour.
The output varies for various type of materials to be digged. The
following are the main factors which affect the out put of face shovel:
Nature of the soil
Height or Depth of cut
Type of material
Angle of swing
Capacity of hauling unit and continuity of work
Mechanical condition of shovel
Efficiency of the operator
Relative positions of the shovel and hauling unit
Type of machine such as crawler or wheeled
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
A. Productivity of Face Shovel (Power Shovel)
Output of a shovel can be calculated using the following formula:
size Vs Production/hr.
Since this gives production in ideal conditions, the figures thus
The above figures are for crawler type of tractor shovel, however for
wheel shovels, bucket factor is about 10% lesser than those
mentioned above.
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
B. Productivity of Dragline
Output or performance of dragline depends on the following factors:
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
B. Productivity of Dragline
Data are taken from “Liebher’s Technical Hand Book Earth moving
Product line”.
Drag Line Production = Dragline Capacity (m3) x C x f
Where, C = Theoretical Cycles/hr = 120 Cycles/hr
f = Correcting factor
= f1 x f2 x f3 x f4 x f5 x f6 x f7
f2 – Digging factor
Boom Length (m) 12 18 24 30
Digging factor,f2 0.86 0.79 0.72 0.65
f3 – Hoist factor
Boom Length (m) 12 18 24 30
Hoist factor,f3 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.87
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
B. Productivity of Dragline
f1 - Fill factor
Class Fill factor
1 Sand or fine gravel
a)Dry 1.1 to 1.2
b)Damp 1.0 to 1.1
c)Wet 0.9 to 0.8
2 Clay
a)Sandy clay, dry 0.95 to 1.0
b)Cohesive, dry 0.9 to 0.95
c)Very cohesive, hard 0.88 to 0.9
3 Earth with sand or gravel, dry 0.85 to 0.88
4 Top Soil
a)Sandy clay 0.82 to 0.85
b)Clay damp 0.80 to 0.82
5 Clay with sand or gravel, damp 0.75 to 0.80
6 Slatelike rock, gravel 0.72 to 0.75
7 Gravel with clay, hard 0.70 to 0.72
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8 Clay with large size gravel, damp 0.68 to 0.70
2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
B. Productivity of Dragline
f4 – Swing factor (Simultaneous swing and hoist)
Angle of Swing (deg) 90° 120° 180°
Swing factor, f4 0.98 0.95 0.91
f5 – Loading factor
Method of dumping Truck Hopper Stock pile
Loading factor, f5 0.96 0.95 1.0
f7 – Operator factor
Operator Experienced Average Beginner
Operator factor, f7 1.0 0.95 0.85
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
B. Productivity of Dragline
Example 2.2
An experienced operator has to excavate ‘wet gravel’ with a dragline
capacity of 2.3 m3. The boom length is 18m and the swing angle will be
120 degrees. The material is dumped onto stockpile. Actual working
time is 50 min per hour.
Solution
Drag line production = Bucket capacity x C x f.
where C = theoretical cycles/hr = 120 cycles/hr
= 2.3 x 120 x f
where f = f1 x f2 x f3 x f4 x f5 x f6 x f7 = 0.8x0.79x0.92x0.95x1.0x0.83x1.0
= 0.4588
Therefore, Drag line production = 2.3x120x0.4588
= 126.4 m3/hr
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
C. Productivity of Clamshell
Data are taken from “Liebher’s Technical Hand Book Earth moving
Product line”.
Clamshell Production (m3/hr)= Clamshell Capacity (m3) x C x f
Where, C = Theoretical Cycles/hr = 120 Cycles/hr
f = Correcting factor
= f1 x f2 x f3 x f4 x f 5 x f 6 x f 7
Correction factors
f1 – Fill factor
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
C. Productivity of Clamshell
f2 – Digging factor
Clamshell capacity (m3) 1 2 3 4 5
Digging factor, f2 = 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.95
f5 – Dump factor
Method of dumping Truck Hopper Stock pile
Dump factor, f5 = 0.90 0.95 1.0 22
2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
C. Productivity of Clamshell
f6 – Job efficiency factor
Actual working time 60 min/hr 50 min/hr 40 min/hr
Job efficiency factor, f6 = 1.0 0.83 0.67
f7 – Operator factor
Operator Experienced Average Beginner
Operator factor, f7 = 1.0 0.95 0.85
Example 2.3
An average operator has to excavate ‘damp sand’ with a clamshell of
2.0 m3. The digging depth is 10m and the swing angle will be 120
degrees. The sand is added into trucks and actual working time is 50
min/hr.
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
C. Productivity of Clamshell
Solution
Clamshell production = Clamshell capacity x C x f.
where C = theoretical cycles/hr
= 2.0 x 120 x f
where, f = f1 x f2 x f3 x f4 x f5 x f6 x f7
= 1.0 x 0.97 x 0.76 x 0.98 x 0.9 x 0.83 x 0.95
= 0.5127
Therefore, Clamshell Production = 2.0x120x0.5127
= 123.0 m3/hr
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
D. Productivity of Excavator/Hoe
Steps for estimating production of Excavator/hoe:
Step-1:
Step-1 Obtain the heaped bucket load volume (in Lm3) from the
manufacturers’ data sheet.
• Heaped bucket capacity ratings for Excavator buckets assume
a 1:1 material angle of repose
Step-2:
Step-2 Material Type
Step-3:
Step-3 Apply a bucket fill factor based on the type of machine
and the class of material being excavated. Refer Table D-1.
Table D-1 Fill factor for hydraulic Hoe (Caterpillar Inc.)
Moist loam/ sandy clay 100-110%
Sand and gravel 95-100%
Rock-poorly blasted 40-50%
Rock-well blasted 60-75%
Hard, tough clay 80-90% 25
2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
D. Productivity of Excavator/Hoe
Steps for estimating production of Excavator/hoe:
Step-4:
Step-4 Estimate cycle time (load, swing, dump and swing empty).
Refer Table D-2.
Swing is influenced by job conditions such as obstructions and
clearances.
clearances
Table D-2 Excavation Cycle times for hydraulic crawler hoes under average condition
Bucket Size Load Bucket Swing Loaded Dump Bucket Swing empty Total cycle
(cy) (sec) (Sec) (Sec) (sec) (sec)
<1 5 4 2 3 14
1-1 ½ 6 4 2 3 15
2-2 ½ 6 4 3 4 17
3 7 5 4 4 20
3½ 7 6 4 5 22
4 7 6 4 5 22
5 7 7 4 6 24
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
D. Productivity of Excavator/Hoe
Steps for estimating production of Excavator/hoe:
Step-4:
Step-4
Small machines swing faster than large ones.
Cycle times are based on swing angle of 30-60°.
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
D. Productivity of Excavator/Hoe
Step-5:
Step-5 Check depth of cut.
cut Refer Table D-3.
• Typical cycle times are for depth of cut between 40-60% of
maximum digging depth.
depth
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
D. Productivity of Excavator/Hoe
Step-5:
Step-5
Table D-3: Representative dimensions, loading clearance, and filling capacity, hydraulic crawler Hoe
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
D. Productivity of Excavator/Hoe
Steps for estimating production of Excavator:
Step-6:
Step-6 Check loading height
Does the selected Excavator/hoe have the reach capability to load
the haul unit. Refer table D-3.
Step-7:
Step-7 Efficiency factor
The three primary conditions that control the efficiency of
excavator loading operations are:
• Bunching:
Bunching In actual operation cycle times are never constant.
When loading haul units they will sometimes bunch. The impact
of bunching is a function of the number of haul units.
• Operator efficiency:
efficiency How good is the operator.
• Equipment availability:
availability Are the haul units in good condition and
repair? They will be available x% of the time.
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
D. Productivity of Excavator/Hoe
Step-8:
Step-8 Calculation.
Calculation
Step-9:
Step-9 Convert production to Bank Volume (BCY)
Table D-4
Swell factor
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
D. Productivity of Excavator/Hoe
Production formula
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
D. Productivity of Excavator/Hoe
Example 2.3
A crawler hoe having a 3½-cy bucket is being considered for use on a
project to excavate very hard clay from a borrow pit. The clay will be
loaded into trucks having a loading height of 9 ft 9 in.in Soil- boring
information indicates that below 8 ft, ft the material changes to an
unacceptable silt material. What is the estimated production of the
hoe in cubic yards bank measure, if the efficiency factor is equal to
50-min/hour?
50-min/hour
Solution
Step-1: Size of bucket = 3½-cy
Step-2 : Bucket fill factor, Table D-1 gives 80-90%, Use average
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
D. Productivity of Excavator/Hoe
Solution cont.
Step-3: Typical cycle element times
Optimum depth of cut is 30-60% of maximum digging depth.
From Table D-3 for a 3½ -Cy size Hoe, maximum digging depth
is 23-27 ft , Depth of excavation 8 ft.
(8ft/23ft) x 100 = 34% ≥ 30% okay!
(8ft/27ft) x 100 = 30% ≥ 30% okay!
Therefore under average conditions and for 3½-Cy Size hoe,
cycle times from Table D-2:
1. Load Bucket 7sec Very hard clay
2. Swing with load 6sec Load trucks
3. Dump load 4sec Load trucks
4. Return swing 5sec
Cycle time 22sec
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2. PRODUCTIVITY OF SHOVEL FAMILY AND EXCAVATORS
D. Productivity of Excavator/Hoe
Solution cont.
Step-4: Efficiency factor, 50 min/hour
Step-5: Class of material, hard clay Swell 35% (Table D-4)
Step-6: Probable production
Check maximum loading Height to ensure the hoe can service the
trucks . From Table D-3, 21 to 22 ft.
21ft > 9ft 9in. Okay!
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
A. Productivity of Loader
The following example demonstrates the process for estimating
loader production.
Example 3-1
A 4-cy wheel loader will be used to load trucks from a quarry stock
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
A. Productivity of Loader
Solution cont.
Table A-1 Bucket fill factors for wheel and truck loader
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
A. Productivity of Loader
Solution cont.
Step-2: Bucket fill factor
Check tipping:
tipping
Load weight: 4-cy x 0.85 = 3.4 lcy
3.4 lcy x 3,400 lb/lcy (loose unit weight of material) = 10,540 lb.
From Table A-2,
A-2 4-cy machine static tipping load at full turn is 25,000
lb, Therefore operating (50% static tipping at full turn) is
0.5 x 25,000 lb = 12,500 lb
10,540 lb actual load < 12,500 lb operating load; therefore okay!
Step-3: Typical fixed time (Table A-4)
A-4 4-cy wheel loader, 30 to 33 sec;
use 30 sec.
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
A. Productivity of Loader
Solution cont.
Table A-2 Representative specifications for wheel loader
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
A. Productivity of Loader
Table A-3 Representative specification for truck loaders
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
A. Productivity of Loader
Solution cont.
Step-4: Efficiency factor, 50 min/hour
Example 3-2
The loader in example 3.1 will also be used to charge the aggregate
bins of an asphalt plant that is located at the quarry. The one way haul
distance from the 1¼ in. Aggregate stockpile to the cold bins of the
plant is 220ft.
220ft The asphalt plant uses 105 tons per hour of 1 ¼ in.
Aggregate. Can the loader meet the requirement?
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
A. Productivity of Loader
Solution
Step-3: Typical fixed cycle time (Table A-4)
A-4 4-cy wheel loader, 30 to
33 sec, use 30 sec.
From Table A-2 , Travel speeds forward:
forward
First, 4.3 mph; second, 7.7 mph; third, 13.3 mph.
Travel speed reverse:
reverse
First, 4.9 mph; second, 8.6 mph; third, 14.9 mph.
Travel loaded:
loaded 220 ft, because of short distance and required time to
accelerate and brake, use 80% first gear maximum speed.
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
A. Productivity of Loader
Solution
Step-3:
Return empty:
empty 220 ft, because of short distance and required time to
accelerate and brake, use 80% second gear maximum speed.
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
The production of dozer mainly depend upon the following factors:
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
The major factors that control dozer production rate are:
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
1. Condition of the material
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
2. Blade type
Blade capacity is a function of a blade type and physical size.
size
Blade volumetric load
The load that a blade will carry can be estimated by several methods:
J1265.
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
2. Blade type
i. Manufacturers Blade rating
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
2. Blade type
Blade volumetric load
ii. Previous experience
Properly documented past experience is an excellent blade load estimating method.
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
2. Blade type
Blade volumetric load
iii. Field measurement
Measurement
Measure the height (H) of the pile at the inside edge of each rack.
Measure the width (W) of the pile at the inside edge of each rack.
Measure the greatest length (L) of the pile. This will not necessarily
be at the middle.
Computation
Average both the two-height and the two-width measurements. If
the measurements are in feet, the blade load in loose cubic yards
(lcy) is calculated by the formula
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
2. Blade type
Blade volumetric load
iii. Field measurement
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
2. Blade type
Example 3.3
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
3. Cycle time
The sum of the time required to push, backtrack, and maneuver into position to push
Return Speed is usually the maximum that can be attained in the distance available.
For distances less than 100 ft, the operator cannot get the machine past the second gear.
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
The following example demonstrates the process for estimating dozer production.
Example 3.4
A power-shift crawler tractor has a rated blade capacity of 7.65Lm3. The dozer is
excavating loose common earth and pushing a distance of 200ft (61m) with speed of
4km/hr.
4km/hr Maximum reverse speed in third range is 8 km/hr.
km/hr Estimate the production of
the dozer, if job efficiency is 50 min/hr.
min/hr
Solution
Fixed time = 0.05 min (From Table B-1) B-1
Dozing speed = 4.0 km/hr given but can be obtained from Table B-2.
B-2
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
Solution cont.
Dozing time = 61m /(4 km/hr x 16.7 m/min) = 0.91 min
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
2. The productivity of a dozer, specifically for levelling and spreading
work can be calculated by:
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
Use of graphs, charts and curves for estimating production
Production curves for estimating the amount of material that
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
Use of graphs, charts and curves for estimating production
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
Use of graphs, charts and curves for estimating production
64
3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
Use of graphs, charts and curves for estimating production
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
Use of graphs, charts and curves for estimating production
Example 3.3
Determine average hourly production of a D8R/8SU (with tilt
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
Use of graphs, charts and curves for estimating production
Solution cont.
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
B. Productivity of a Dozer
Productivity of Rippers
Out put of rippers depend upon characteristic of soil, size of the
dozer, speed of the machine, shape and size of the ripper tooth,
number of shanks used, and depth and width of ripping pass.
However, the following are the formulae used in general for
follow:
Step-1:
Step-1 Determination of weight (Empty vehicle weight, load
weight and gross vehicle weight)
Step -2:-2 Rolling resistance
Step-3:
Step-3 Grade resistance/assistance
Step-4:
Step-4 Total resistance/assistance
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3. PRODUCTIVITY OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
C. Productivity of Scraper
Steps for determining production of scraper are summarised as follow:
Step-5:
Step-5 Travel speed
Step-6:
Step-6 Travel time
Step-7:
Step-7 Load time
Step-8:
Step-8 Dump time
Step-9:
Step-9 Turning time
Step-10:
Step-10 Total cycle time
Step-11:
Step-11 Pusher cycle time
Step-11:
Step-11 Total resistance/assistance
Step-12:
Step-12 Balance fleet time
Step-13:
Step-13 Efficiency
Step-14:
Step-14 Production
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4. PRODUCTIVITY OF GRADING EQUIPMENT
Out put of a motor grader depends upon the following main factors:
computed as follow:
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4. PRODUCTIVITY OF GRADING EQUIPMENT
Method-1
Qa = B x L x fN x fZ x 60/T [m2/hr]
B = l x cosA
Where, B = width per strip with due consideration of over lapping
l = length of blade
A = Angle of blade width respect to the axis (refer Table 4.1)
L = lift thickness after compaction
fN = factor to take care of site conditions, operator effectiveness (refer Table
4.2)
fZ = time factor (refer Table 4.3)
T = Cycle time, T = 0.06⅀ P/v
P = number of passes
V = forward and back ward average speed
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4. PRODUCTIVITY OF GRADING EQUIPMENT
Method-1
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4. PRODUCTIVITY OF GRADING EQUIPMENT
Method-1
Table 4.2 fN- factor to take care of site conditions and operator effectiveness
Very good good Average Poor
Site condition 0.95 0.9 0.8 0.6
Operator effectiveness 1.0 0.85 0.75 0.6
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4. PRODUCTIVITY OF GRADING EQUIPMENT
Method-2
Grader production is also calculated as area covered by motor grader
per hour.
A = B x Vav x η
Where, B = width per strip (m)
= 0.8 x l x cos A
l = length of blade
A = Angle with respect to axis
Vav = Average speed (m/hr)
η = efficiency
Time required to complete a roadway project can be calculated by
T = Number of passes x Distance (Km)
Average speed (Km/hr) x Efficiency factor
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4. PRODUCTIVITY OF GRADING EQUIPMENT
Method-3 (CAT Performance handbook)
One method expresses a motor grader’s production in relation to the
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4. PRODUCTIVITY OF GRADING EQUIPMENT
Method-3 (CAT Performance handbook)
Operating speeds: typical operating speeds by operation are provided as
follow:
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4. PRODUCTIVITY OF GRADING EQUIPMENT
Method-3 (CAT Performance handbook)
Effective blade length:
length
Width overlap:
overlap The width of overlap is generally 0.6 m (2.0 ft). This overlap
accounts for the need to keep the tires out of the windrow on the return pass.
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4. PRODUCTIVITY OF GRADING EQUIPMENT
Method-3 (CAT P Performance handbook)
Job Efficiency:
Efficiency Job efficiencies vary based on job conditions, operator skill, etc.
A good estimation for efficiency is approximately 0.70 to 0.85, 0.85 but actual
operating conditions should be used to determine the best value.
Example 4-1
A 140H motor grader with a 3.66 m (12 ft) moldboard is performing road
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4. PRODUCTIVITY OF GRADING EQUIPMENT
Method-3 (CAT P Performance handbook)
Solution
From the table, the effective blade length is 3.17 m (10.4 ft).
Metric
Production, A = 13 km/h x (3.17 m - 0.6 m) x 1000 x 0.90
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THANK YOU!
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