Lesson 4

11TH
GRADE
Random Sampling,
Parameter and Statistic,
and Sampling
Distribution of Statistics
Prepared by: CYNTHIA U. SEVA, M.A.ED.
THE MODULE IS DIVIDED INTO THREE LESSONS, NAMELY:

Lesson 1 – Random Sampling 
Lesson 2 – Parameter and Statistic 
Lesson 3 – Sampling Distribution of statistics (sample mean)
OBJECTIVES:
1. illustrate random sampling; (M11/12SP-IIId-2)
2. distinguish between parameter and statistic; (M11/12SP-IIId-3)
and
3. identify sampling distribution of statistics (sample mean).
(M11/12SP-IIId-4)
PRE-TEST.
1. It refers to the entire group that is under study or investigation.
A. population
B. sample
C. random sampling
D. subset
2. It is a subset taken from a population, either by random or nonrandom
sampling techniques.
A. population
B. sample
C. random sampling
D. lottery sampling
3. What sampling technique in which members of the population are listed and
samples are selected in intervals called sample intervals.
A. systematic sampling
B. lottery sampling
C. stratified random sampling
D. quota sampling
4. It is sometimes called area sampling. It applies on a
geographical basis.
B. lottery sampling
C. stratified random sampling
D. cluster sampling
5. It refers to a part of the sampling technique where each
sample point has an
equal chance of being selected.
B. lottery sampling
C. random sampling
D. quota sampling
RANDOM
SAMPLING
UNLOCKING DIFFICULTIES:
POPULATION - refers to the whole group under study or

investigation. In research, the population does not always refer
to people. It may mean a group containing elements of anything
you want to study, such as objects, events, organizations,
countries, species, organisms, etc.
SAMPLE - is a subset taken from a population, either by

random sampling or by non-random sampling. A sample is a
representation of the population where it is hoped that valid
conclusions will be drawn from the population.
RANDOM SAMPLING - is a selection of n elements derived from
the N population, which is the subject of an investigation or
experiment, where each point of the sample has an equal chance
of being selected using the appropriate sampling technique.
Types of Random Sampling Techniques
Lottery sampling is a sampling technique in which each member

of the population has an equal chance of being selected. An
instance of this is when members of the population have their
names represented by small pieces of paper that are then
randomly mixed together and picked out. In the sample, the
members selected will be included
Systematic sampling is a sampling technique in which
members of the population are listed and samples are
selected at intervals called sample intervals. In this technique,
every nth item in the list will be selected from a randomly
selected starting point. For example, if we want to draw a 200
sample from a population of 6,000, we can select every 3rd
person in the list. In practice, the numbers between 1 and 30
will be chosen randomly to act as the starting point.
Stratified random sampling is a sampling procedure in which
members of the population are grouped on the basis of their
homogeneity. This technique is used when there are a number
of distinct subgroups in the population within which full
representation is required. The sample is constructed by
classifying the population into subpopulations or strata on the
basis of certain characteristics of the population, such as age,
gender or socio-economic status. The selection of elements is
then done separately from within each stratum, usually by
random or systematic sampling methods.
Example:
Using stratified random sampling, select a sample of 400 students

from the population which are grouped according to the cities they
come from. The table shows the number of students per city.
Solution: To determine the number of students to be taken as
sample from each city, we divide the number of students per city
by total population (N= 28,000) multiply the result by the total
sample size (n= 400).
Cluster sampling is sometimes referred to as area sampling
and applied on a geographical basis. Generally, first sampling is
performed at higher levels before going down to lower levels.
For example, samples are taken randomly from the provinces
first, followed by cities, municipalities or barangays, and then
from households.
Multi-stage sampling uses a combination of different sampling
techniques. For example, when selecting respondents for a
national election survey, we can use the lottery method first for
regions and cities. We can then use stratified sampling to
determine the number of respondents from selected areas and
clusters.
What I have learned?
Identify the terms being described.
1. It refers to the entire group that is under study or investigation.
2. It is a subset taken from a population, either by random or non-random
sampling technique. A sample is a representation of the population where
one hopes to draw valid conclusions from about population.
3. This is a selection of n elements derived from a population N, which is the
subject of the investigation or experiment, where each sample point has
an equal chance of being selected using the appropriate sampling
technique.
4. A sampling technique where every member of the population has an
equal chance of being selected.
5. It refers to a sampling technique in which members of the population are
listed and samples are selected in intervals called sample intervals.
Post-test
Identify the type of sampling method. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
__________1. The teacher writes all the names of students in a piece of
paper and puts it in a box for the graded recitation.
__________2. The teacher gets the class record and call every 4th
name in the list.
__________3. Every five files out of 500 files will be chosen.
__________4.There are 20 toddlers, 40 teenagers, 45 middle aged and
55 senior citizens in a certain area. Samples are taken according to the
total number of people in the area.
__________5. All the names of the employees of the company are put
in a raffle box.
Parameter & Statistic
A parameter is a descriptive population measure. It is a
measure of the characteristics of the entire population (a
mass of all the units under consideration that share common
characteristics) based on all the elements within that
population.
Example:
1. All people living in one city, all-male teenagers worldwide,
all elements in a shopping cart, and all students in a
classroom.
2. The researcher interviewed all the students of a school for
their favorite apparel brand
Statistic is the number that describes the sample. It can be
calculated and observed directly. The statistic is a characteristic
of a population or sample group. You will get the sample
statistic when you collect the sample and calculate the standard
deviation and the mean. You can use sample statistic to draw
certain conclusions about the entire population.
Example:
1. Fifty percent of people living in the U.S. agree with the
latest health care proposal. Researchers can’t ask
hundreds of millions of people if they agree, so they take
samples or part of the population and calculate the rest.
2. Researcher interviewed the 70% of covid-19 survivors.
Decide whether the statement describes a parameter or statistic.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The average income of 40 out of 100 households in a certain

Barangay is P 12, 213.00 a month.
2. Percentage of red cars in the Philippines.
3. Number of senior high schools in Region 3.
4. A recent survey of a sample of 250 high school students
reported the average weight of 54.3 kg.
5. Average age of students in East High School.

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11TH

POPULATION - refers to the whole group under study or

SAMPLE - is a subset taken from a population, either by

Types of Random Sampling Techniques

Lottery sampling is a sampling technique in which each member

Using stratified random sampling, select a sample of 400 students

1. The average income of 40 out of 100 households in a certain

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