11

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON
BULAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

SIMPLIFIED SELF-LEARNING MODULE 4

Quarter 3

Name: ________________________________________ Date: _________________________

Grade/Strand: ________________________________

Random Sampling, Parameter and Statistic, and Sampling

Distribution of Statistics

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT
If a researcher wants to observe, examine or test a theory or hypothesis, he will consider the
problem by selecting a section of the population of the study using a method called random
sampling. In random sampling, all subjects in the population listed in the study have the same
chances of being chosen for the survey. This means that, ultimately, each member of the sample
retains characteristics, or impartial characteristics, of the population. With random sampling,
the conclusions of the post-hypothesis tests applied to the sample selection will apply to the
entire population as well.

II. LEARNING SKILLS FROM MELC

After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Illustrate random sampling; (M11/12SP-IIId-2)
2. Distinguish between parameter and statistic; (M11/12SP-IIId-3) and
3. Identify sampling distribution of statistics (sample mean).(M11/12SP-IIId-4)

III. ACTIVITIES
A. LET US REVIEW
The population refers to the whole group under study or investigation. In research, the
population does not always refer to people. It may mean a group containing elements of anything
you want to study, such as objects, events, organizations, countries, species, organisms, etc.
A sample is a subset taken from a population, either by random sampling or by non-random
sampling. A sample is a representation of the population where it is hoped that valid conclusions
will be drawn from the population.

Random sampling is a selection of n elements derived

from the N population, which is the subject of an
investigation or experiment, where each point of the sample
has an equal chance of being selected using the appropriate
sampling technique.

B. LET US STUDY
Types of Random Sampling Techniques
1. Lottery sampling is a sampling technique in which each member of the population
has an equal chance of being selected. An instance of this is when members of the population
have their names represented by small pieces of paper that are then randomly mixed together
and picked out. In the sample, the members selected will be included.
2. Systematic sampling is a sampling technique in which members of the population are
listed and samples are selected at intervals called sample intervals. In this technique, every nth
item in the list will be selected from a randomly selected starting point. For example, if we want
to draw a 200 sample from a population of 6,000, we can select every 3rd person in the list. In
practice, the numbers between 1 and 30 will be chosen randomly to act as the starting point.
 3. Stratified random sampling is a sampling procedure in which members of the
population are grouped on the basis of their homogeneity. This technique is used when there are
a number of distinct subgroups in the population within which full representation is required.
The sample is constructed by classifying the population into subpopulations or strata on the
basis of certain characteristics of the population, such as age, gender or socio-economic status.
The selection of elements is then done separately from within each stratum, usually by random
or systematic sampling methods.

Example: Using stratified random sampling, select a

sample of 400 students from the population which are
grouped according to the cities they come from. The
table shows the number of students per city

Solution:
To determine the number of students to be taken as sample from each city, we divide the number
of students per city by total population (N= 28,000) multiply the result by the total sample size
(n= 400).

4. Cluster sampling is sometimes referred to as area sampling and applied on a

geographical basis. Generally, first sampling is performed at higher levels before going down to
lower levels. For example, samples are taken randomly from the provinces first, followed by
cities, municipalities or barangays, and then from households.

5. Multi-stage sampling uses a combination of different sampling techniques. For

example, when selecting respondents for a national election survey, we can use the lottery
method first for regions and cities. We can then use stratified sampling to determine the
number of respondents from selected areas and clusters.

C. LET US PRACTICE
a. On your answer sheet, give one situation where each of the sampling methods is being
applied.(5 points)
b. If you were a researcher and wanted to conduct a research within your Barangay,
what would it be? What sampling technique are you going to use? (5 points)
c. Complete the statement by filling in the blank. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper. (5 points)
A ___________ is a frequency distribution using the means computed from all possible
random samples of a specific size taken from a population. To get the possible samples use
the formula ______, where N is the ________ and n is the ____ size to be taken. The total
probability of the sample mean must be equal to ____.

D. LET US REMEMBER
A population consists of the five numbers 2, 3, 6, 10 and 12. Consider samples of size 2
that can be drawn from this population.
A. How many possible samples can be
drawn?
To answer this, use the formula NCn
(the number of N objects taken n at a time),
where N is the total population and n is the
sample to be taken out of the population,
In this case N= 5 and n= 2 Therefore, 5C2 = 10
So, there are 10 possible samples to be
drawn.
B. Construct the sampling distribution
of sample means. List all the possible outcome and get the mean of every sample.
 Observe that the means vary from sample to sample. Thus, any mean based on the
sample drawn from a population is expected to assume different values for samples.

C. This time, let us make a probability distribution of the sample means. This probability
distribution is called the sampling distribution of the sample means.

Observe that all sample means appeared only one; thus, their probability is P(x)=
1/10 or 0.1

E. LET US PRACTICE MORE

Identify the type of sampling method. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
__________1. The teacher writes all the names of students in a piece of paper and puts it in a box
for the graded recitation.
__________2. The teacher gets the class record and call every 4th name in the list.
__________3. Every five files out of 500 files will be chosen.
__________4.There are 20 toddlers, 40 teenagers, 45 middle aged and 55 senior citizens in a
certain area. Samples are taken according to the total number of people in the area.
__________5. All the names of the employees of the company are put in a raffle box.

F. EVALUATION
a. Determine the statement whether it is true or false. Write T if the statement is
true and F if it is false. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
_____1. A statistic is a number which describes a sample.
_____2. A parameter is a descriptive measure of population.
_____3. An example of parameter is the sample mean.
_____4. The value of a parameter can be approximated and is not necessarily equal to the statistic
of a sample.
_____5. An example of statistic is a population mean.
b. Give 5 examples of parameter and 5 examples of statistic. Write your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
c. Construct all random samples consisting two observations from the given data.
You are asked to guess the average weight of the six watermelons by taking a
random sample without replacement from the population.
Watermelon A B C D E F
Weight (in pounds) 19 14 15 9 10 17

IV. RUBRIC FOR SCORING

Excellent Satisfactory Developing Beginning
Criteria
10 points 8 points 5 points 2 points
Shows accurate Sows solution with Shows solution The solution is all
Accuracy of
solution minimal errors with plenty of erroneous
the Solution
errors
Shows excellent Shows clear Shoes limited Did not apply the
understanding of understanding of understanding of concept of solving
Mathematical the concept of the concept solving the concept of problems involving
Concept solving problems problems involving solving problems random variables
involving random random variables involving random
variables variables
V. ANSWER KEY
C. LET USPRACTICE
a. Answer may vary E. LET US PRACTICE MORE
b. Answer may vary 1. Lottery Sampling
c. 1. Sample distribution of sample mean 2. Sample
2. nCr 3. Random Variable
3. Population 4. Lottery Sampling
4. Sample 5. Systematic Sampling
5. 1
b. Answer may vary
F.EVALUATION c.
a. 1. T
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. F

VI. REFERENCE
Book:

Balecina, Baccay, Mateo (2016) Statistics and Probability

De Guzman, Danilo, (2017) Statistics and Probability

Website:

Wendy, “Parameter vs Statistic –What are the differences?”

https://whatagraph.com/blog/articles/parameter-vs-statistic, November 5, 2020.

https://www.google.com/search?q=example+of+parameter&tbm=isch&source=iu&i
ctx=1&fir=PvALHgWvaWVYJM%252CV8BFuzfwEpA2GM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_kRVWzZINk
mAhF2m6xZ1TGpa1dP3g&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwia78nhybnuAhV5yosB
HfLCAccQ_h16BAgTEAE#imgrc=PvALHgWvaWVYJM

https://www.displayr.com/what-is-random-sampling/

Prepared by:

KAREN B. GUTLAY ARIAN E. GRANADO RICHELLE B. VARGAS

MT-I T-III T-III

MAYLA B. BERTEZ ARNEL D. FORTUN MARIA ISABEL S. MORATA

T-III T-III SST-I

Checked and Reviewed by:

MERCY A. GAMBA
Subject Group Head

Recommending Approval:

MARIVIC A. AÑONUEVO
ASP II – SHS Academics

Approved:

SALVE E. FERRERAS
Principal III
 11
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON
BULAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

SUMMATIVE TEST 4
Name: ________________________________________ Date: _________________________
Grade/Strand: ________________________________

Random Sampling, Parameter and Statistic, and Sampling

Distribution of Statistics
I. Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. It refers to the entire group that is under study or investigation.
A. population C. random sampling
B. sample D. subset

2. It is a subset taken from a population, either by random or nonrandom sampling techniques.

A. population C. random sampling
B. sample D. lottery sampling

3. What sampling technique in which members of the population are listed and samples are selected
in intervals called sample intervals.
A. systematic sampling C. stratified random sampling
B. lottery sampling D. quota sampling

4. It is sometimes called area sampling, it applies on a geographical basis.

A. systematic sampling C. stratified random sampling
B. lottery sampling D. cluster sampling

5. It refers to a part of the sampling technique where each sample point has an equal chance of
being selected.
A. systematic sampling C. stratified random sampling
B. lottery sampling D. quota sampling
II. Decide whether the statement describes a parameter or statistic.
1. The average income of 40 out of 100 households in a certain Barangay isP 12, 213.00 a month.
2. Percentage of red cars in the Philippines.
3. Number of senior high schools in Region 3.
4. A recent survey of a sample of 250 high school students reported the average weight of 54.3 kg.
5. Average age of students in East High School.

Prepared by:

KAREN B. GUTLAY ARIAN E. GRANADO RICHELLE B. VARGAS

MT-I T-III T-III

MAYLA B. BERTEZ ARNEL D. FORTUN MARIA ISABEL S. MORATA

T-III T-III SST-I

NOTED: APPROVED:

MERCY A. GAMBA MARIVIC A. AÑONUEVO

Subject Group Head Assistant Principal II
 11
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON
BULAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

ACTIVITY 4

Name: ________________________________________ Date: _________________________

Grade/Strand: ________________________________

Random Sampling, Parameter and Statistic, and Sampling

Distribution of Statistics

I. Construct a sampling distribution of sample mean and answer the questions on

your answer sheet.
Samples of 3 cards are drawn from a population of five cards numbered from 1-5.
1. How many are the possible outcomes?
2. What are the possible means?
3. What is the probability of getting 4 as a mean?
4. What is the probability of getting 2 as a mean?
5. What is the probability of getting 3.33 as a mean?

II. Give a situation in your area that is an example of parameter and statistic. Explain
why you considered it as a parameter or a statistic. (5 points)

Prepared by:

KAREN B. GUTLAY ARIAN E. GRANADO RICHELLE B. VARGAS

MT-I T-III T-III

MAYLA B. BERTEZ ARNEL D. FORTUN MARIA ISABEL S. MORATA

T-III T-III SST-I

NOTED: APPROVED:

MERCY A. GAMBA MARIVIC A. AÑONUEVO

Subject Group Head Assistant Principal II