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    CH 3 Thermodynamic Cycles and Performance of IC Engines

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    The document discusses different thermodynamic cycles used in internal combustion engines including the Otto, Diesel, and Dual cycles. It provides details on the thermodynamic processes involved in each cycle as well as equations for determining efficiency. The document is long and contains in-depth information about analyzing thermodynamic cycles.

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    CH 3 Thermodynamic Cycles and Performance of IC Engines

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    eyukaleb4
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    The document discusses different thermodynamic cycles used in internal combustion engines including the Otto, Diesel, and Dual cycles. It provides details on the thermodynamic processes involved in each cycle as well as equations for determining efficiency. The document is long and contains in-depth information about analyzing thermodynamic cycles.

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    Thermodynamic Cycles and Performance of IC Engines

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    The document discusses different thermodynamic cycles used in internal combustion engines including the Otto, Diesel, and Dual cycles. It provides details on the thermodynamic processes involved in each cycle as well as equations for determining efficiency. The document is long and contains in-depth information about analyzing thermodynamic cycles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    4 views28 pages

    CH 3 Thermodynamic Cycles and Performance of IC Engines

    Uploaded by

    eyukaleb4
    The document discusses different thermodynamic cycles used in internal combustion engines including the Otto, Diesel, and Dual cycles. It provides details on the thermodynamic processes involved in each cycle as well as equations for determining efficiency. The document is long and contains in-depth information about analyzing thermodynamic cycles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chapter 3

    Thermodynamic Cycles and IC Engine Performance


    2.1.Thermodynamic Cycles
    .
    Internal combustion engines, which are commonly used in automobiles,

    have two principal types: spark-ignition (SI) engines and compression-


    ignition (CI) engines.
    Examples of thermodynamic cycles are the internal combustion engine

    cycles. In these cases, the WS is treated as pure air, the expansions and
    compressions are reversible and adiabatic, and heat can be added
    instantaneously if desired.
     Applications of such cycles are the Otto cycle, the Diesel cycle and the

    Dual cycle.
    Working substance (WS) is used as the carrier for heat energy. The heat
    .engine carries out the conversion process by a series of changes of state of
    the WS. The state of the WS is defined by the values of its properties, e.g.
    pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy. These properties
    are also sometimes called functions of state.
    In a spark-ignition (SI) engine, a mixture of fuel and air is ignited by a

    spark plug. Spark-ignition engines are suited for use in automobiles since
    they are relatively light and lower in cost. Most cars currently use what is
    called a four-stroke combustion cycle to convert gasoline into motion.
    To simplify the analysis, air-standard assumptions are made:
    . Gas and air mixture are modeled as air and an ideal gas, which
    continuously circulates in a closed cycle.
    All the processes making up the cycle are internally reversible.

    The combustion process is replaced by a heat-addition process from an

    external source.
    The exhaust process is replaced by a heat-rejection process and the gas

    returns to its initial state.


    Ideal gas isentropic relations
    State p  RT R  287 J
    kg K
    equation and
      1.4 for compressor Cp=1.005kJ/kg.K
    Constants
      1.33 for turbine Cv= 0.717kJ/Kg.k

    Entropy cP   1  R cv   11  R Ma= 29kg/mol
    change of a
    process T2
    s  cP  ln( )  R ln( ) P2 ꝩ=k = cp/cv = 1.4
    T1 P1

    Isentropic 

    process P2   2   T2   1
         
    P1  1   T1 
    .
    Otto cycle
    .
    .
    .
    .

    Equation 20 shows that under the cold-air-standard assumptions, the thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle depends
    on the compression ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio of the working fluid.
    The thermal efficiency of the ideal Otto cycle increases with both the compression ratio and the specific
    heat ratio. This is also true for actual spark-ignition internal combustion engines. For a given compression ratio,
    the thermal efficiency of an actual spark-ignition engine is less than that of an ideal Otto cycle because of the
    irreversibilities, such as friction, and other factors such as incomplete combustion
    Diesel Cycle
    .
    .
    .
    .
    It can be noted that the ignition for the Diesel internal combustion engines is
    .done by using a higher compression of the fuel, rather than by using a spark
    plug as in the case of gasoline powered Otto cycle engines. Therefore, the
    ignition for Diesel engines is sometimes called a "slow speed compression
    ignition", in contrast to the "spark ignition" of the Otto engines
    DUAL COMBUSTION CYCLE

    The processes are as follows.


    1 – 2 reversible adiabatic (isentropic) compression.
    2 - 3 constant volume heating.
    3 - 4 constant pressure heating.
    4 – 5 reversible adiabatic (isentropic) expansion.
    5 - 1 constant volume cooling.
    .
     Generally, the method of solution involves finding all the temperatures by

    application of the gas laws. Those requiring a detailed analysis of the cycle
    should study the following derivation.
    .
    .
    .
    !!!
    U
    YO
    N K
    A
    TH
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .

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