Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mobile Communications
Mobile Communications
Reading List
- Mobile and Data Communications Systems, D Wong, D Britland, Pub: Artech House - Mobile Communications, A Jagoda, M DeVillepin, Pub: J. Wiley - Mobile Information Systems, Editor: J. Walker, Pub: Artech House - Introduction to Digital Mobile Communications, Y Akaiwa, Pub: J. Wiley - Mobile Communications, 2nd Ed, J Schiller, ISBN 0-321-12381-6 - Wireless Communications & Networks Stallings - Mobile Communications Dr. J. Schiller - 3G Wireless Demystified - Harte -Introduction to Telecommunications - Anu Gokhale - Mobile Communication Systems, Parsons J D and Gardiner J G, Blackie USA Halsted Press - Mobile Communications Engineering, Lee, William C. Y., McGraw-Hill, Inc. - Mobile Cellular Telecommunications Systems, Lee, William C. Y., McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Websites:
- IEC Online Education - How Stuff works - Teracom Training Institute - Telecom Writing
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Contents
Frequency Band History Principles Transmission Properties Cellular Concept Traffic Engineering Propagation Modulation Performance
Part I
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Frequency Bands
VHF (30 MHz - 300 MHz)
VHF Mid Band (70 - 87.5 MHz) VHF High Band (148 - 174 MHz)
Mobile Services
Private Mobile Radio (PMR) System
Conventional Mobile Radio Systems
Simple two-way radio Fixed frequency assignment
1970
1980
GSM 1.8 GHz, and 1.9 GHz USDC 1.9 GHz Digital Cordless Systems (DCS) 1.8 GHz
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
First Transitional System: 2 GHz 2000 - 2nd Transitional Systems: 2.5 GHz 2001 - 1st CDMA Network @ 144 k bps 2002- Handover between GSM and WCDMA by Nokia and Vodafone 2003 World's 1st IPv6 over 3G UMTS/WCDMA network, Ericsson 2003 World's 1st CDMA2000 high-speed packet data phone call ( 3.09 Mbps), Nokia 2004, World's 1st Enhanced Datarate for Global Evolution EDGE-WCDMA 3G packet data handover, Nokia and TeliaSonera 2005, 9 Mbps with WCDMA, HSDPA phase 2, Ericsson 2005, 1.5 Mbps enhanced uplink WCDMA system, Ericsson
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Current - 3G Systems
Are referred to as: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) in Europe International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT2000) worldwide. UMTS will be a mobile communications system that can offer significant user benefits including high-quality wireless multimedia services to a convergent network of fixed, cellular and satellite components. It will deliver information directly to users and provide them with access to new and innovative services and applications. It will offer mobile personalised communications to the mass market regardless of location, network and terminal used.
UMTS Forum 1997
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Virtual operators
Different environments for UMTS
Global
Suburban
Micro-Cell Macro-Cell
H. Aghvami, KCL,UK
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Source: IEEE
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
It supports:
Image: GIF, JPEG, Video: MPEG4 Audio: MP3, MIDI
Packet based:
subs are always on line easy and quick access
Provide high speed wireless Internet and data communications Speed four times higher than conventional GSM systems
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Technologies - Bluetooth
Short range RF technology A global standard No wiring Data and voice communications Offers ad hoc network and synchronicity between all personal devices
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Mobile Computing
Applications
Communications, Interface Connectivity and Usability Consider Network Issues ations Infrastructure Data Repositories/ Database Systems
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Systems Integration
http://www.mobilemastinfo.com/information/history.htm
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
More handsets than PCs connected to the Internet by the end of 2003 !
Projected Web handsets
(Nokia 1999)
200
0 1996 1997
2001 2002
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Mobile Network in UK
5 network operators
45,000 base station sites.
2/3 are installed on existing buildings or structures. < 2% are mounted on schools.
Additional mobile phone base stations will need to be built to support 3G services. It is possible that the number of base station sites will rise to 50,000 by 2007.
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Radio energy dissipates over distance, so mobiles must stay near the base station to maintain communications Basic structure of mobile networks includes telephone systems and radio services
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
835
846.5
B band A band
849
1 MHz 33 chs
A band
Base Transmit
869 870
A band 10 MHz 333 channels
30kHz
880
B band 10 MHz 333 channels
30kHz
890
891.5
B band A band
894
1 MHz 33 chan
A band
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
System Characteristics
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Using low power transmitters to cover larger area. E.g. dividing a metropolitan region into 100 different cells 12 channels each
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Use of micro-cellular technology to accommodate smaller and smaller cells particularly around the new frequency band of 2 GHz Improved frequency reuse
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Transmission Types
Simplex f1 Tx : f1 Rx : f2 f1 Tx Rx f2 Tx Rx f1 f1 Tx : f1, Rx : f1
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
f1 f2
f2
f1 Half Duplex
Tx : f1 Rx : f2
f1 f1 f2 Tx : f1 Rx : f2 f2 Tx Rx Rx Tx f3 f4
f3 Tx : f3 Rx : f4
f4
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Rx (f1) Dup
M
F1
Antenna
Tx (f2)
Load
f2
Tx Load
Reception
Tx
Antenna
Transmission
Rx
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Antenna
Rx
Dispatcher 2
Digital Switch
Dispatcher 1
- Dispatcher: Communicates with the vehicles. - Communication mode: Half Duplex. - Mobile-to-mobile communication is possible using a Talk-Through Repeater (half-duplex) or direct using Simplex mode. Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Fading
Frequency-Selective Multipath
Tx
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Beyond radio horizon, the signal strength falls very rapidly so that in areas well beyond the horizon the same frequency can be reused without causing interference.
The higher the transmitter antenna, the further away is its radio horizon.
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Ei
Er1= Ei Er2= Ei
Diffraction at edges
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Dispersion Distortion
signal at Tx
signal at receiver
Dispersion: signal is dispersed over time, thus interfering with neighbor symbols --> Inter Symbol Interference Distortion: signal reaches a receiver directly and phase shifted:- distorted signal depending on the phases of the different parts
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Not all the frequency components of transmitted signal will pass through the channel.
At the receiver, exact regeneration of the original signal becomes quite difficult.
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
RF signal
Receiver
RF + Noise
. Man made noise . Inter-modulation: noise from other transmitters at different frequencies . Co-channel interference: noise from other transmitter at the same frequency . Electromagnetic interference in a vehicle
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Summary
History Mobile technologies Principle Characteristics Transmission properties
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy
Next Lecture
Cellular Concept
Prof. Z. Ghssemlooy