LEA 3 FINALS

LECTURE 7
 WHAT IS ARSON?
• Arson is the intentional setting of a fire to a structure or wild land area.
• Arson is a complex crime and difficult to prove.
• The crime scene generally has extensive destruction.
• The crime scene technician has a limited role. A trained arson
investigator will conduct a thorough investigation and make the final
determination.
 OBJECTIVES OF ARSON
• 1. Define combustion reactions.
• 2. Discuss the four factors that are required to ignite and maintain a fire.
• 3. Explain the conditions in which fuels will burn.
• 4. Examine reasons why arson is difficult to detect.
• 5. Identify the four categories of fire.
• 6. Evaluate the significance of burn patterns discovered at an arson
investigation.
• 7. Discuss the proper methods for detecting, collecting, preserving, and
analyzing arson evidence.
• 8. Describe the psychological profile of an arsonist.
• 9. Examine the various motives of arson.
 PYROMANIAC

• Pyromania is a serious mental health condition characterized by

intentionally and repetitively setting fires—and doing so compulsively.
People with pyromania feel unable to stop the behavior. Setting a fire
releases inner tension or anxiety and gives the person a rush of pleasure
or relief.
 Symptoms of Pyromania

• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

classifies pyromania in the disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct
disorders section. In addition, individuals with pyromania experience
tension and affect arousal before setting a fire. Affect arousal involves
feeling alert and highly reactive to stimuli; it can leave people feeling
tense and highly energized.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARSONIST AND PYROMANIA
MOTIVE

ARSONIST- Revenge, Hatred, Insurance Fraud And other form of

Sabotage.

PYROMANIA- Love to make fire, Like to see fire, Have an intense

feeling everytime they set a fire
.
 COMBUSTION
Combustion is a complex reaction that requires a fuel in the gaseous or
vapor state an oxidizer and heat energy to come together in a very specific
way. Once flaming combustion or fire occurs it can only continue when
enough heat energy is produced to cause the continued development of
fuel vapors or gases scientits call this type of reaction a chain reaction a
chain reaction is a a series of reactions that occur in sequence with the
result of each individual reaction being added to the rest.
 FIRE TRIANGLE
• The Fire Triangle, also known as the Combustion Triangle, is a
fundamental concept in fire science that explains the three essential
elements required for a fire to ignite and sustain itself. The three
components of the Fire Triangle are heat, fuel, and oxygen. Here is a
detailed breakdown of each element:
Components of the Fire Triangle:

Heat
Fuel
Oxygen
 Role of the Fire Triangle:

Ignition

Fire Prevention and Suppression

COMMON CAUSE OF FIRE
• Heating appliances
• To prevent fires caused by heating
appliances, avoid leaving portable heaters
unattended and always follow
manufacturer instruction. You should also
inspect heaters often to ensure they are in
good condition.
 COMMON CAUSE OF FIRE
• Smoking
• Smoking indoors is among the
common causes of fire, and the
two main reasons due to smoker
negligence. Smokers sometimes
fall asleep in their still- lit
cigarettes would come into contact
with highly flammable materials
such as the bedding or the pillows.
COMMON CAUSE OF FIRE
• Candles
• Every candle carries the following
reminder: “A burning candle should not
be left unattended.” Unfortunately,
many people take this for granted,
especially on holidays like Christmas
and New Year’s Day when they get
caught up in the celebration. The result
is a devastating fire that could have
easily been prevented if caution had
been observed
 COMMON CAUSE OF FIRE
• Electrical Fire
Poor electrical work in a home, such
as loose wirings, is also among the
common cause of fire that some
homeowner may not be aware of. It
happen most often in older homes
with faulty or obsolete wiring.
Classification of fire
• Class A fire – solid combustibles
The first fire classification is class a,
solid combustibles. As the symbols
above shows, this first fire
classification is fires involving solid
combustible materials such as wood,
cardboard, paper, fabrics etc which is
fuelling the fire.
Classification of fire
• Class B fire – flammable liquids
The second fire classification class is
flammable liquids. As the symbol (showing
a petrol can fire )and words above show this
is fires involving liquids such as oil, petrol,
paints, and solvent which can catch fire very
quickly
 Classification of fire
• Class C fire – flammable gases
As the symbols (gas burner, such as those on
gas hobs or camping stoves) and words
above show this is fires involving
flammable gases such as natural gas, butane
and propane.
Classification of fire
• Class D fire – Combustible Metals
Of all the classification on this list, this is
perhaps the least intuitive as people may
not associate fires with metal such as
magnesium and lithium.
 Classification of fire
• Class E fire – Electrical
Electrical fires such as thing may include
things like fuse boxes, electrical wiring
and electrical appliances and tools
including computers, television, hair
dryers, extension cable and phone and
phones chargers for examples.
Classification of fire
• Class F fire – cooking oils and fats
Those involving cooking oils and fats from
such things as deep fat fryers
, chip pans, frying pans etc. In such instances
high temperatures can contribute to the oils or
fat to reach a point as vapours from it ignite
from an ignition .
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
There are four classes of fires:

• Class A: Ordinary solid combustibles such as paper, wood, cloth and some plastics.
• Class B: Flammable liquids such as alcohol, ether, oil, gasoline and grease, which are
best extinguished by smothering.
• Class C: Electrical equipment, appliances and wiring in which the use or a
nonconductive extinguishing agent prevents injury from electrical shock. Don’t use
water.
• Class D: Certain flammable metallic substances such as sodium and potassium. These
materials are normally not found in the Medical Center.
 Fire Extinguishers
• Fire extinguishers are classified as types A, ABC,
BC or K. It is important to use the right type of
extinguisher on the specific class of fire to avoid
personal injury or damage to property. The wrong
type of extinguisher could cause electrical shock,
explosion, or spread the fire.

• Portable extinguishers are useful for putting out

small fires; however they are not effective against
large, spreading fires. In these situations, doors
should be closed to contain the fire.
 Fire Extinguishers
European/
American Fuel/Heat source
Australasian

Class A Class A Ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, etc.

Flammable liquids such as grease, gasoline, lubricating oils, and other

Class B
Class B hydrocarbons.

Class C Flammable gases

Class C Class E Electrical equipment

Combustible metals like sodium, magnesium, aluminium, etc. and

Class D Class D
phosphoric substances.

Class K Class F Cooking oil or fat

Types of Fire Extinguishers
• Type A: Pressurized water to be used on Class A fire only. Do
not use on Class B or C fires; may cause fire spread or
electrical shock.
• Type ABC: Dry chemical effective on all classes of fires
• Type BC: Carbon dioxide to be used on chemical or electrical
fires
• Type K: Used in kitchens on grease fires

• Locations
• ABC fire extinguishers are located throughout the Medical
Centers in corridors. Specialty areas, such as the Operating
Rooms and Kitchens have specific extinguishers.
 PASS
• To use a fire extinguisher, follow the acronym
PASS

• Pull - Pull the pin on the extinguisher

• Aim - Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire
• Squeeze - Squeeze the trigger to release the
product
• Sweep - Sweep the nozzle from side to side
(slowly)
What is the reason in classifying fire?
• knowing the five classes can help
you to use the most effective fire
extinguishing agents and techniques
to safely suppress the flames
 What is a Firefighter?
-A firefighter is responsible for responding to emergency situations
involving fires, hazardous materials, medical emergencies, and other
disasters. Firefighters work for fire departments, which may be part of
municipal, country, state, or federal government agencies, or they may
serve in volunteer fire departments in rural or underserved areas. The
primary duties of firefighters include extinguishing fires, conducting
search and rescue operations, providing emergency medical care, and
educating the public about fire safety and prevention.
 What is a Firefighter?
• Firefighters must be quick-thinking and able to work well under stress,
as they are often required to make split-second decisions that can have a
significant impact on the safety of those around them. While the work
of a firefighter can be challenging, it is also rewarding, as it provides an
opportunity to serve the community and make a positive impact on
people's lives.
THANKYOUUUU