Setting Goals

For
Success
Goals
 Goals
> Motivation directs a person’s behavior toward a
particular goal. A goal is the object toward which the
behavior is directed, usually within a specified period of
time.

> For Edwin Locke and Gary Latham(2006), goals direct

attention, effort, and actions.
Short-term vs. Long-term Goals
Short-term Goals Long-term Goals

Goal that can be Goal that are

achieved in a day, week, usually achieved over a
or year year or more.

Ex. Ex.
 Achieve good grades  Buy a house
 Finish Assignments  Buy your cream car
 Factors which may influence goals
 Values give direction to behavior and are personally
important and worthy (Sagiv, Roccas, Cieciuch, &
Schwarts, 2017).
 Needs activate and direct behavior, driven by
motivations
 Drive-reduction theory explains human motivation to
maintain homeostasis (Atkinson, Smith, Bem, &
Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000).
 Factors which may influence goals
 Needs are classified into psysiological and
psychological categories.
 Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs explains how
needs motivate behavior.
 Self-actualization is the ultimate goal for individuals
to achieve their potential.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Self-
Actualizatio
n
Esteem
Love/Belonging

Safety
Physiological
 The Motivational
Impact of Self-Efficacy
And Mindset
 The motivational impact of self-efficacy and mindset
 Albert Bandura defines self-efficacy as the belief in
one’s ability to perform behavior’s that lead to desired
outcomes.
 Self-efficacy is crucial in shaping thoughts,
motivations, and actions.
 Carol Dweck identifies two mindsets: fixed and
growth mindset.
 Fixed mindset individuals view basic qualities as fixed
and fear making mistakes.
 The motivational impact of self-efficacy and mindset
 Growth mindset individuals believe basic abilities can
be developed through effort and embrace challenges
and feedback
 Mindset is linked to students’ self-confidence and
motivation.
LET’S PLAY A GAME
123
GO!!!
Goal Setting
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of
a SMART goal?

1. Specific
2. Achievable
3. Flexible

Answer
 3.
Flexible
According to industrial/organizational psychology,
goals work best when they are:

1. Concrete, achievable, and important to individuals

2. Timeless and indefinite
3. Vague and ambiguous

Answer
 1
Concrete, achievable,
. and
important to individuals
 What do Locke and Latham suggest are key
components for achieving effective performance
results?

1. Lack of feedback on results

2. Specific and challenging goals with feedback
and commitment
3. Timeless goals without evaluation
Answer
 2.
Specific and challenging
goals with feedback
and commitment
 Which of the following is NOT essential for
successful goal setting according to the PDF?

1. Time frame for completion

2. Lack of commitment and acceptance
3. Specific and challenging goals

Answer
 2.
Lack of commitment and
acceptance
 What acronym is used to represent the
fundamental practices necessary for achieving
increased motivation in goal setting?

1. SMART
2. QUICK
3. FAST

Answer
 1.
SMART
 Key Points

 Goal Setting is the process of improving work

performance of individuals (Locke & Latham, 2006).
 SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and
Time-bound) embodies the fundamental practices
necessary for achieving increased motivation (Rubin,
2002)
 Goals work best when there is a time frame for their
completion (Aamodt, 2013)
Rules of Goal Setting
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of
SMART goals?

1. Specific
2. Measurable
3. Arbitrary

Answer
 3.
ARBITARY
 Why is it important for goals to be personally
relevant?

1. Because it makes them easier to achieve

2. Because it increases motivation and
commitment
3. Because it impresses others

Answer
 2.
Because it increases
motivation and
commitment
 What does the acronym SMART stand for in
goal-setting?
1. Structured, Managed, Accurate, Realistic, Timely
2. Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant,
Time-bound
3. Strategic, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant,
Time-sensitive

Answer
 2.
Specific,
Measurable,
Achievable, Relevant,
Time-bound
 Why is it important to write down your goals?

1. To have a tangible reminder and reference point

2. To impress others with your organization skills
3. To waste time

Answer
 1.
To have a tangible
reminder and reference
point
 How should you prioritize your goals?

1. By asking friends and family for their opinions

2. By choosing the easiest goals first
3. By considering their importance and urgency

Answer
 3.
By considering their
importance and urgency
Key Points

Set goals that motivate you

Set SMART goals
Write your life goals
Importance
of
Goals
What is a goal according to Coon (2001)?

1. A random behavior without purpose

2. A target or objective of a motivated and
directed chain of behaviors
3. A temporary desire with no long-term significance

Answer
 2.
A target or objective of a
motivated and directed chain
of behaviors
 According to industrial/organizational
psychology, goals work best when they are:

1. It creates tension and serves as a motivator

towards the goal
2. It hinders progress and discourages goal
achievement
3. It has no impact on goal-directed behavior
Answer
 1.
It creates tension and serves as
a motivator towards the goal
How do goals help in measuring an individual’s
progress?

1. By providing a clear path to the goal

2. By making the individual deviate from the goal
3. By increasing confusion and uncertainty about
the goal

Answer
 1.
By providing a clear
path to the goal
Why are goals important in guiding behavior?

1. To promote procrastination and time wastage

2. To encourage random and impulsive actions
3. To ensure discipline and focus towards the goal

Answer
 3.
To ensure discipline and
focus towards the goal
What motivates individuals towards their goals?

1. Lack of purpose and direction

2. Clear goals and meaningful objectives
3. Uncertainty and confusion about goals

Answer
 2.
Clear goals and
meaningful objectives
 Key Points

 According to Coon (2001), a goal is a target or objective

of a motivated and directed chain of behaviors.

 The need and the drive motivate the individual towards

the goal.
 Reasons why setting goals is important:
 Settings goals direct the individual’s behavior.

 Goals, once set, can determine the individual’s progress

towards accomplishing it.

 Goals serve as guides to discipline behavior.

 Goals keep the individual busy so no time is wasted.

 Goals motivate the individual because it provides a

purpose/reason for his behavior.
 ? ?
? ?

? FACT
OR ?
BLUFF
? ?
? ? ?
?
SELF-EFFICACY
 According to Self-Efficacy Theory, outcome
expectancy refers to a person’s belief in their ability
to successfully execute a behavior required to
achieve certain outcomes.

Answer
BLUFF
 Efficacy expectation is the belief that one
can successfully execute the behavior required
to produce certain outcomes

Answer
FACT
Outcome expectancy and efficacy expectation
are the same concept in Self-Efficacy Theory.

Answer
BLUFF
 Key Points

 Dr. Bandura defined self-efficacy as “people’s beliefs

about their capabilities to produce designated levels of
performance that exercise influence over events that
affect their lives”
 Outcome expectancy is “a person’s estimate that a
given behavior will lead to certain outcomes.”
 Efficacy expectation is “the conviction that one can
successfully execute the behavior required to produce
the outcomes.”
MINDSET
 According to Carol Dweck, individuals
with a fixed mindset believe that their qualities are
innate and cannot be changed.

Answer
FACT
 People with a growth mindset view
failures as opportunities for growth and learning,
according to Dweck's research.

Answer
FACT
 Dweck's book, Mindset: The New
Psychology of Success, emphasizes that intelligence
and creativity are fixed traits that cannot be
developed through effort.

Answer
BLUFF
 In comparison between the two
mindset in the Effort Category, Fixed Mindset sees
effort as part of the learning process to make them
smart and talented, while Growth Mindset means
no need for effort because qualities are inherent
and need not be developed.

Answer
BLUFF
 A person's mindset
influences how he behaves, how he handles only
success and his capacity for finding love and
happiness.

Answer
BLUFF
 Key Points

 Carol Dweck discussed in his research that a person has

two types mindset: Fixed mindset and Growth mindset
 Fixed Mindset person believes that their character and
creativity are innate/inborn and cannot be changed.
 Growth Mindset person does not bank on given
qualities for them to be successful but instead he/she
wanted to be challenged.
 Dweck further discovered through research that the
growth mindset creates in the individual a great passin
to learn, to know and to continue learning.
LOCKE'S GOAL SETTING
THEORY
According to Locke's Goal Setting Theory, goals
should be specific, measurable, attainable,
relevant, and time-bound.

Answer
FACT
Setting challenging goals that are beyond one’s
ability to accomplish is recommended in
Locke's Goal Setting Theory.

Answer
BLUFF
 Feedback from others is not considered
important in Locke's Goal Setting Theory.

Answer
BLUFF
 It is advisable to have multiple complex
goals at the same time according to Locke's Goal

Answer
BLUFF
 Prioritizing goals and focusing on
accomplishing them one at a time is
recommended in Locke's Goal Setting Theory.

Answer
FACT
 Key Points

 Professor Edwin Locke proposed the goal setting

theory and motivation
 Locke's theory came the popular mnemonic of having
S.M.A.R.T. objectives. The letters stand for Specific,
Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time-bound.
 Five goal setting principle:1.Clarity 2.Challenge
3.Commitment 4.Feedback 5.Task complexity
Thank your for
participating