PERSONAL

DEVELOPMENT
 Q1M1
Knowing Oneself –
Strengths and Limitations
Self-development is a
process of discovering
oneself by realizing one's
potentials and capabilities
that are shaped over time
either by studying in a formal
school or through
environmental factors.
 “An
unexamined
life is not
worth living”.
Know Thyself is an old maxim
or aphorism which in time has
been used in varied literature and
consequently gained different
meanings.

One of its meanings is recorded

in the Greek encyclopedia of
knowledge called “The Suda”.
Thomas Hobbes also
discussed his own views
about the maxim from which
he used the phrase “read
thyself” in his famous work.

He emphasized that a
person learns more by
studying oneself.
Self-Concept
Rene Descartes, the Father of
Modern Philosophy, proposed
his theory that a person’s
existence depends on his/her
perception. Rene Descartes
stated that mind is the seat
ofconsciousness.

Thus everything that we

are comes from the mind.
Sincero named Three aspects
regarding how people learn to

judge themselves.

1. Self-concept is
learned.
2. Self-concept is
organized.
3. Self-concept is
Sigmund Freud,a well-known
psychologist, neurologist and
the creator of Psychoanalysis
Theory and the father of
psychoanalysis, proposed that
there are three components of
personality within us:
1. Id
2. Ego
3. Superego
The Id.
Freud explained that man's
personality is driven by pleasure
principle.
This means that the nature of Id
is to satisfy man's desire without
thinking much of the situation.
This nature is being developed at
a young age or present from
birth.
The Ego.
This is the second component of
the personality that is developed
at
approximately the age of three.

The ego will give a more socially

accepted means of getting the
desires and wants of a person
without getting to hurt others
The Superego.
Freud believed that this aspect
of man begins to manifest as a
child turns 5.
This personality is developed as
man learns the culture of
distinguishing right from wrong
based on the set of guidelines
and standards that are known to
people.
 Q1M2
Knowing Oneself –
Characteristics, Habits,
and Experiences
Self-awareness is an understanding
of oneself as unique from others.

Self-Esteem is your evaluation of

your own worth. It may be positive
or negative.

Self-Efficacy refers to your belief in

your ability to succeed and perform
well in various areas of life, such as
education, work, and relationships.
 Five (5) different ways that
influenced self-efficacy, from the
ideas of Albert Badura, a professor,
and a psychologist.
1. Performance Experiences
2. Vicarious Performances
3. Verbal Persuasion
4. Imaginal Performances
5. The Affective States &
Physical Sensations
Dan McAdam, a psychologist,
reiterated that even there are
many ways on how we reflect to
improve ourselves, it brings us
back to these three (3)
categories:

1. Self as Social Actor

2. Self as Motivated Agent
3. Self as Autobiographical
Author
Six Steps on How to Make a
Rational Decision by Bazerman
and Moore

1. Define the Problem

2. Identify the criteria necessary
to judge the multiple options
3. Weight the criteria
4. Generate alternatives
5. Rate each alternative on each
criterion
 Q1M3
Developing the Whole
Person Evaluate One’s
Personality
 “Theory of mind” described as
having high regards toward the
perspective of others and feeling
concern for others.
Thoughts are impression activated
by a stimulus in your mind that is
evident from the environment that
you are in. This conscious thought
occupies emotions that give life to
thoughts, and it expressed through
feelings.
 Q1M4
Thoughts, Feelings, and
Behaviors in Actual Life
Situations
“Cognitive empathy,” a
phenomenon where a person pays
high regards to perspective of
others and feeling concerned
towards people in the society.

Self-assessment is your own

assessment of your thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors which is
completely necessary for you to
arrive to an informed decision.
 Q1M5
Developmental Tasks and
Challenges of Adolescence
Adolescence is the period of
development that begins at
puberty and ends at emerging
adulthood.
It was derived via French from
Latin adolescent, which means
‘coming to maturity’.
 Erik Erikson’s
Developmental Tasks
of Adolescence
Early Adolescence
➢Developing selfconcept
➢ Self-evaluation of their physical
acceptability
➢ Achieving personal Independence
➢ Developing acceptable attitudes
toward society
➢ Learning to get along with peers
➢ Developing acceptable attitudes
toward society
➢ Learning to get along with peers
Middle Adolescence
➢ Emergence of new thinking skills
➢ Accepting one's physique
➢ Increase self-direction
➢ Achieving psychological
independence
➢ Achieving mature relations with
both sexes
➢ Achieving a masculine or feminine
social role
➢ Achieving emotional independence
of adults
➢ Establish psychological
independence from one’s parents
➢ Acquiring values and an ethical
system to guide behavior
➢ Desiring and achieving socially
responsible behavior
➢ Preparing for adult roles and
making
preliminary decisions and
vocational goals
Late Adolescence to Early Adult Life
➢ Preparing adult life
➢ Crystallize their vocational goals
➢ Establish sense of personal
identity
➢ Psychologically independent from
their
parents
➢ Shift to adulthood is nearly
complete
➢ Preparing for marriage and family
life
 Q1M6
Development Through the
Help of Significant People
Influential People in our Life

PARENTS
SIBLINGS
FRIENDS
TEACHERS
COMMUNITY LEADERS
 Q1M7
Becoming Capable and
Responsible Adolescent
Prepared for Adult Life
Responsibility is any moral,
legal, or mental obligation or
duty that is directly or
indirectly entrusted to you by
the people around from which
you are held accountable for
whatever consequences or
circumstance that may arrive
in the future.
As they say,
nobody can clean
his/her own mess but
himself/herself alone.”
Responsibilities/Obligations
of Adolescents
1. Show respect to elders.
2. Take care of the younger ones.
3. Study well.
4. Avoid engaging to bad vices.
5. Establish a good identity.
6. Earn the trust of the people
around.
7. Distinguish good company from
bad influence.
Ways to Become Capable and
Responsible Person in Preparation
for Adult Life

Know your priority
Have focus
Be decisive
Work diligently
Don’t count at all
Stay humble
Love your duty
 Q1M8
Understanding of Mental
Health and
Psychological Well-being
 “You can’t change how people
treat you or what they say about
you.
All you can do is change how you
react to it.”
-Mahatma Gandhi
stress—a condition
characterized by symptoms of
physical or emotional tension.

Demanding or threatening
events are often referred as
stressors.
RECOGNIZE SIGNS OF STRESS

• Irritability and anger.

• Changes in behavior.
• Trouble sleeping.
• Neglecting responsibilities.
• Eating changes.
• Getting sick more often.
WAYS TO COPE WITH STRESS

• Keep a positive attitude.

• Be assertive instead of
aggressive. • Exercise regularly.
• Eat healthy, well-balanced
meals.
• Learn to manage your time
more effectively.
• Make time for hobbies,
interests, and relaxation.
• Don't rely on alcohol, drugs, or
compulsive behaviors to reduce
stress.
• Seek out social support.
• Seek treatment with a
psychologist or other mental
health professional trained in
stress management to learn
healthy ways of dealing with the
stress in your life.
11 TIPS FOR MENTAL AND
HEALTH WELL-BEING
1. Get enough sleep and rest.
2. Take time out for things you
enjoy.
3. Be active and eat well.
4. Nurture relationships and
connect with others.
5. Learn to manage stress.
6. Get involved and join in.
7. Build your confidence.
8. Be comfortable in your own
skin.
9. Set realistic goals and deal
with tasks one at a time.
10. Reach out for help when you
need it.
The Good Stress and The Bad
Stress

“eustress” -positive stress or

good stress

“dystress”- negative stress or

bad stress
❖ Approaches in Coping with
Stress

I. Avoidance Approach
II. Acceptance-Action Approach
Ways on how to Cope with Stress
to Maintain a Healthy Well-Being:
1. Physically
A. Simple exercise
B. Eat Nutritious Food and Healthy foods
C. Drink a Lot of water (8-10) glasses of water a day
D. Take a Bath Daily
E. Proper Hygiene
F. Take a Nap.
G. Sleep at least 8 hours
H. Find, Look, or Imagine a relaxing place or even a
picture
I. Engage in sports.
2.Emotionally/Socially:
A. Listen to Music
B. Do your favorite hobbies
C. Play relaxing games
D. Make a journal/blog
E. Release your emotions
F. Have a positive talk to yourself
G. Learn to forgive
H. Accept mistakes and learn from them
I. Find a Support group
J. Talk to professionals
3. Mentally and Spiritually:
A. Read books/Novels/Comics, Inspirational
books, Bible, etc.
B. Think Positive
C. Manage your Time
D. Pray to God- telling/pouring out your
emotions/problems to God.
E. Be thankful instead of grumbling
F. Learn to say No if needed
G. Know your Value as a being created in the
image of God and loved by God
Brain: Parts, Processes and Functions
Cerebrum -uppermost part of the brain. The
cerebrum/largest part of the brain /its
outermost surface area - cerebral cortex.

Right cerebral hemisphere controls the left

side of the body while the left cerebral
hemisphere
controls the right side of the body.

The main function of cerebrum is to regulate

senses, memory, emotions, intellectual
activities, and body movement like deciding on
your career and
The cerebrum receives sensory information
from the thalamus.
The thalamus receives information, organizes
and then sends information to the cerebrum.
Hypothalamus is located below the thalamus
regulates the digestive processes and is also
responsible for growth and development.
The Limbic System composes parts of the
cerebral cortex and hypothalamus, that
regulate various types of emotions that affect
blood temperature and blood pressure
facilitated by the hypothalamus like eating
Cerebellum is located below the cerebrum at
the back of the head.

The cerebellum functions directly with the

cerebrum to receive information from the
sensory system and the spinal cord to regulate
balance, postures, and coordinate movement
like riding a bike and walking upright.
BLUE
RED
YELLOW
GREEN
ORANGE
BLUE
RED
YELLOW
RED
ORANGE
BLUE
Ways to Improve your Brain
Function for Personal
Development
1. Exercise
2. Meditate
3. Sleep
4. Food Intake
5. Sunlight
6. Good Relationship
7. Do not smoke
8. Be creative
9. Classical music
A personal development plan is a framework
that is required for senior high school students
to work out with to track one’s self
improvement.
The mind mapping is the external mirror of
your own radiant or natural thinking
facilitated by a powerful graphic process,
which provides the universal key to unlock
the dynamic potential of the brain.
Emotional Intelligence

-defined as the capacity to be

aware of, control, and express
one's emotions, and to
handleinterpersonal relationships
judiciously and empathetically.

Therefore, it is the key to both

personal and professional
success."
Charles Darwin’s book The
Expression of Emotions in Man and
Animals (1872)
suggested seven universal emotions
associated with facial expressions.

These emotions are surprise,

sadness, disgust, happiness, fright,
anger, and contempt.
There are five essential
elements of Emotional
Intelligence.

1. Self-awareness
2. Self-regulation
3. Motivation
4. Empathy
5. Social skills
STEPS IN HANDLING EMOTIONS

1. Identify the Emotion

2. Take Action
3. Get Help with Difficult Emotions
TIPS TO HELP MANAGE YOUR
EMOTIONS
1. Use your emotions and bodily
responses to recognize when you
are under stress.
2. Write down your thoughts and
feelings about what is stressing you.
3. Control whatever aspect of the
stress that you can.
4. Don’t make mountains out of
molehills.
5. Redefine the Problem.
6. Develop behaviors that distract
you from stress.
7. Reach out to a friend or a
family member.
8. Exercise Regularly.
9. Meditate and Relax.