ECEEX 1: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND

CIRCUITS
LESSON 2: ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ELECTRICITY
PREPARED BY:
ENGR. ALBERT ANTHONY M. DELGADO, MECE
ECEEX 1 – ADVISER
 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND
ELECTRICITY
A. NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE DIFFERENCE
POLARITIES • F. CHARGE
• B. ELECTRONS & PROTONS IN • G. RESISTANCE
THE ATOM
• H. CLOSED CIRCUIT
• C. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
• I. DIRECTION OF CURRENT
• D. COULOMB UNIT OF ELECTRIC
• J. DC AND AC
CHARGE
• K. SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
• E. VOLT UNIT OF POTENTIAL
 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND
ELECTRICITY

ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
ARE DEVICES THAT HELPS IN
TRANSFORMING INFORMATION
INTO ELECTRICAL SIGNALS
PROCESSES AT HIGH-SPEED
TO PERFORM REPETITIVE,
ADVANCE, OR MULTI-
FUNCTIONAL TASKS.
 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND
ELECTRICITY

SOME OF THE MOST

COMMONLY USED
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
ARE RESISTORS.
CAPACITORS, DIODES,
TRANSISTORS, SWITCHES,
CONNECTORS, &
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY IS THE FLOW
OF ELECTRICAL POWER OR
CHARGE. IT IS A FORM OF
ENERGY THAT POWERS
ALMOST ALL OF THE
WORLDS ENERGY
DEMANDS.
 ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICITY

ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICITY ARE

COMPLETELY IMPORTANT IN THE ADVANCEMENT
OF TECHNOLOGY AND GOES HAND IN HAND. IF
THERE IS NO ELECTRICITY, ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS WILL NOT OPERATE. IF THERE IS
NO ELECTRONICS, ELECTRICITY HAS NO USE
ATOMIC STRUCTURE

ATOMS ARE COMPOSED OF

THREE MAIN SUBATOMIC
PARTICLES: PROTONS,
NEUTRONS, AND ELECTRONS.
PROTONS AND NEUTRONS
ARE GROUPED TOGETHER IN
THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM,
WHILE ELECTRONS ORBIT
ABOUT THE NUCLEUS.
A NEUTRAL ATOM

ALL ATOMS ARE

NEUTRAL BECAUSE
ALL ATOMS HAVE THE
SAME NUMBER OF
PROTONS AS THEY
HAVE ELECTRONS.
A NEUTRAL ATOM

ALL ATOMS ARE

NEUTRAL BECAUSE
ALL ATOMS HAVE THE
SAME NUMBER OF
PROTONS AS THEY
HAVE ELECTRONS.
ALL ABOUT ELECTRICITY
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706-1790) WAS A US SCIENTIST,
INVENTOR, DIPLOMAT, WRITER, PUBLISHER, AND
PHILANTHROPIST. IN ADDITION, HE WAS ONE OF THE
FOUNDING FATHERS OF THE UNITED STATES.
BUT WE HAVE SELECTED FRANKLIN FOR BEING ONE OF THE
FIRST RESEARCHERS OF ELECTRICITY. HIS BEST-KNOWN
EXPERIMENT WAS THE KITE EXPERIMENT WHICH HELPED
HIM ESTABLISH THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY. HE
WAS THE FIRST TO PROPOSE THAT LIGHTNING WAS A FORM
OF ELECTRICITY AND, AS SUCH, COULD BE CONDUCTED,
DIRECTED AND MANIPULATED. THIS IDEA WAS WHAT
RESULTED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHTNING RODS.
ALL ABOUT ELECTRICITY
ALESSANDRO VOLTA (1745-1827) CARRIED OUT HIS SCIENTIFIC
WORK IN ITALY. HE STUDIED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA AND
IN 1774 WAS APPOINTED PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS.
VOLTA WAS AMONG THE FIRST RESEARCHERS TO UNDERSTAND
ELECTRICITY. HE OBSERVED STATIC ELECTRICITY AND
DISCOVERED THE PRINCIPLE OF POLARISED ELECTRICITY, ONE
OF THE FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN ELECTRICITY THEORY.
IN 1780, VOLTA INVENTED SOMETHING THAT HAS GONE DOWN
IN HISTORY: THE BATTERY. IT IS THE FIRST DEVICE THAT
PRODUCED ELECTRICITY BY JOINING TWO METALS SEPARATED
BY A CONDUCTIVE LIQUID.
ALL ABOUT ELECTRICITY
ANDRÉ MARIE AMPÈRE, (BORN JAN. 22, 1775, LYON, FRANCE—DIED
JUNE 10, 1836, MARSEILLE), FRENCH PHYSICIST, FOUNDER OF THE
SCIENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETISM. A PRODIGY WHO MASTERED
THE ENTIRE KNOWN FIELD OF MATHEMATICS BY AGE 12, HE
BECAME A PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND
MATHEMATICS. HE FORMULATED A LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETISM,
CALLED AMPÈRE’S LAW, THAT DESCRIBES THE MAGNETIC FORCE
BETWEEN TWO ELECTRIC CURRENTS. AN INSTRUMENT HE
DEVISED TO MEASURE THE FLOW OF ELECTRICITY WAS LATER
REFINED AS THE GALVANOMETER. HIS CHIEF PUBLISHED WORK
WAS MEMOIR ON THE MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF
ELECTRODYNAMIC PHENOMENA (1827). THE AMPERE (A) UNIT OF
ELECTRIC CURRENT WAS NAMED FOR HIM.
ALL ABOUT ELECTRICITY
GEORG SIMON OHM (1789–1854) WAS ONLY 16 WHEN HE BEGAN
STUDYING MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND PHILOSOPHY AT FAU,
WHERE HE COMPLETED HIS DOCTORAL DEGREE IN 1811. HIS
DISCOVERIES INCLUDE OHM’S LAW, OHM’S TORSION BALANCE, A
DEVICE USED TO MEASURE CURRENT, AND OHM’S ACOUSTIC LAW,
ALL OF WHICH WERE NAMED AFTER HIM.
IN 1841, HE WAS AWARDED THE COPLEY MEDAL BY THE ROYAL
SOCIETY IN LONDON, AN ACCOLADE WHICH HELD THE SAME
PRESTIGE AS A NOBEL PRIZE TODAY. HOWEVER, HIS GREATEST
HONOR CAME AFTER HIS DEATH WHEN, IN 1893, AT THE
INTERNATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONFERENCE IN CHICAGO THE NAME
OHM WAS GIVEN TO THE INTERNATIONAL UNIT OF ELECTRICAL
RESISTANCE, WHICH IS DEPICTED BY GREEK LETTER OMEGA.
ALL ABOUT ELECTRICITY
MICHAEL FARADAY (1791-1867) WAS A BRITISH SCIENTIST AND
PHYSICIST. HE GRADUATED FROM THE ROYAL INSTITUTION OF
GREAT BRITAIN IN 1821 AND WAS THE FIRST TO DISCOVER THE
PRINCIPLE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION. FARADAY FOUND
THAT AN ELECTRIC CURRENT CAN GENERATE A MAGNETIC FIELD
AND VICE-VERSA. THIS IS KNOWN AS THE PRINCIPLE OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION. THIS DISCOVERY IS ONE OF THE
CORNERSTONES OF MODERN ELECTROMAGNETISM.
IN ADDITION, HE DISCOVERED THE FARADAY EFFECT, A
PHENOMENON THAT OCCURS WHEN AN ELECTRIC CURRENT IS
APPLIED TO A COIL OF WIRE. THIS PRODUCES AN ELECTROMOTIVE
FORCE THAT CAUSES THE WIRE TO MOVE IN ONE DIRECTION. THE
FARADAY EFFECT IS WHAT IS USED TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY IN
GENERATORS.
ALL ABOUT ELECTRICITY
THOMAS ALBA EDISON (1847-1931) WAS A US INVENTOR,
SCIENTIST, ENTREPRENEUR AND CHEMIST.
EDISON DEVELOPED AN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
CONSISTING OF A POWER PLANT, WHICH GENERATED
ELECTRICITY BY MEANS OF A STEAM TURBINE, AND A
NETWORK OF CABLES TO TRANSPORT ELECTRICITY TO
HOMES. THIS ALLOWED PEOPLE TO USE ELECTRICITY FOR
MANY PURPOSES, INCLUDING LIGHTING.
EDISON WAS ONE OF THE MOST PROLIFIC INVENTORS OF
HIS TIME. AMONG HIS MOST FAMOUS INVENTIONS ARE THE
ELECTRIC LIGHT BULB, THE PHONOGRAPH, THE
KINETOGRAPH AND THE MICROPHONE.
ALL ABOUT ELECTRICITY
NIKOLA TESLA (1856-1943) WAS ONE OF THE LEADING INVENTORS
OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND AMONG THE MOST
IMPORTANT INVENTORS IN HUMAN HISTORY. HE WAS BORN IN
THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE, AND PURSUED HIS CAREER IN
SERBIA, AUSTRIA, HUNGARY, FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATES.
ONE OF TESLA'S MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS WAS THE IDEA OF
ALTERNATING CURRENT. THIS TECHNOLOGY ENABLED
ELECTRICITY TO BE DISTRIBUTED OVER LONG DISTANCES AND
WAS KEY TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. TESLA ALSO
INVENTED THE ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTOR, THE FIRST
ELECTRIC MOTOR THAT USED ALTERNATING CURRENT TO
PRODUCE MOVEMENT.
ALL ABOUT ELECTRICITY
CHARLES FRITTS (1850-1903) WAS A US INVENTOR WHO PIONEERED
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOLAR PANEL AND WAS ALSO AMONG THE
FIRST TO RESEARCH THE USE OF ELECTRICITY FOR ENERGY.
IN 1883, FRITTS INVENTED THE FIRST MODERN SOLAR PANEL. HE
COATED A THIN LAYER OF SELENIUM ONTO A METAL PLATE, THEN
COATED THAT SELENIUM WITH A THIN LAYER OF GOLD-LEAF FILM TO
CREATE A DEVICE ABLE TO CONVERT SUNLIGHT INTO ELECTRICITY.
FRITTS WAS ALSO ONE OF THE FIRST TO STUDY THE USE OF
ELECTRICITY IN POWER PRODUCTION, PROPOSING A SOLAR POWER
PLANT TO SUPPLY ELECTRICITY TO NEW YORK, WHICH WAS AMONG
THE FIRST PROPOSALS OF ITS KIND.
FRITTS WAS ALSO AMONG THE FIRST TO RESEARCH THE USE OF
ELECTRICITY FOR LIGHTING AND STUDIED THE USE OF ELECTRIC
LAMPS TO ILLUMINATE BUILDINGS AND STREETS.
COULOMB’S LAW
ACCORDING TO CHARLES-AUGUSTIN DE
COULOMB, THE ELECTRIC FORCE FOR
CHARGES AT REST HAS THE FOLLOWING
PROPERTIES:

1. LIKE CHARGES REPEL EACH OTHER;

UNLIKE CHARGES ATTRACT.

2. THE ATTRACTION OR REPULSION ACTS

ALONG THE LINE BETWEEN THE TWO
CHARGES.

3. THE SIZE OF THE FORCE VARIES INVERSELY

AS THE SQUARE OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN
THE TWO CHARGES.

4. THE SIZE OF THE FORCE IS PROPORTIONAL

TO THE VALUE OF EACH CHARGE.
AC VS DC
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
 SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVl17JLn_u0 - Biomass

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7q653ffQO4 – Geothermal

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pEUzot8Zufo – Hydro

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrN9QcJyCII – Wind

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqDVW-vbFJY - Solar
VACUUM TUBE
VACUUM TUBE
IT CONTAINS ONLY A HEATED ELECTRON-
EMITTING CATHODE AND AN ANODE INSIDE A
GLASS WITH INERT GAS. ELECTRONS CAN
FLOW IN ONLY ONE DIRECTION THROUGH
THE DEVICE—FROM THE CATHODE TO THE
ANODE. ADDING ONE OR MORE CONTROL
GRIDS WITHIN THE TUBE ALLOWS THE
CURRENT BETWEEN THE CATHODE AND
ANODE TO BE CONTROLLED BY THE
VOLTAGE ON THE GRIDS.
 VACUUM TUBE
A VACUUM TUBE IS AN
ELECTRONIC DEVICE USED IN
MANY OLDER MODEL RADIOS,
TELEVISION SETS, AND
AMPLIFIERS TO CONTROL
ELECTRIC CURRENT FLOW.