Lesson 7.

Converging Lens
 Learning Competency

At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning

competency should be met by the students.

Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation,

type, and magnification) of images formed by
plane and curved mirrors and lenses (S10FE-IIg-
50).
 Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able

to do the following:

● Describe what a converging lens is.

● Apply ray diagramming techniques in

describing the characteristics and positions of
images formed by converging lenses.
Did you ever wonder how
a magnifying glass
produce an enlarged
image?
It makes object appear
larger because its lens
bends the light and makes
the rays converge at
specific point.
Microscopes also use
convex or converging
lenses to focus light
towards a point, making it
possible to create an
enlarged image.
 In this lesson, you will learn what a converging lens is,
and apply ray diagramming techniques in describing the
characteristics and positions of images formed by
converging lenses.
 Learn about It

Converging Lens

• Converging lenses
bulge in the middle and
thin at the edges.
• They are also called
convex lenses.
Different types of converging lenses
 Learn about It

Converging Lens

• Location is the image’s position relative to the object

and the lens.
• A real image is an image formed with the actual rays of light.

• A virtual image is an image formed from imaginary extensions of

these rays of light.
 Learn about It

Converging Lens

A converging lens focuses light rays to a single point.

 Learn about It

Ray Diagramming Technique for Converging

Lens
First, a simple outline of the lens is drawn with a
horizontal axis passing through the middle of it. This line
is called the principal axis.

Draw the principal axis.

 Learn about It

Ray Diagramming Technique for Converging

Lens
Next, the positions of the foci, F, with equal distances
from the lens, on both sides of the lens were marked. The
object, O, was designated on the principal axis.

Mark the focal points and place the object along the principal
 Learn about It

Ray Diagramming Technique for Converging

Lens
The principal ray was drawn parallel to the axis from the
top of the object to the lens and deflected down towards
the focal point.

Draw the principal ray from the object to the top of the lens down to the
 Learn about It

Ray Diagramming Technique for Converging

Lens
The focal ray is drawn passing through the focal point to
the lens. This ray is then deflected through the lens in a
direction parallel to the principal axis.

Draw the focal ray going to the lens through the focal point and deflected
to a direction parallel to the principal axis.
 Learn about It

Ray Diagramming Technique for Converging

Lens
The central ray was drawn straight from the top of the
arrow (the object) through the middle of the lens without
deflection.

Draw the first ray as the central ray.

 Learn about It

Ray Diagramming Technique for Converging

Lens
The image is formed at the point where the three rays
intersect. This is the position of the top of the image.

The formation of an image at the intersection of the three rays

 Learn about It

Ray Diagramming Technique for Converging

Lens
In the given example, the image can be described as
real, inverted, reduced in size, and formed at the
image side of the lens.

The formation of an image at the intersection of the three rays

 Tips

In ray diagramming, remember to do the following:

● Draw the principal ray (object > parallel to principal
axis > refracted to focal point).
● Draw the focal ray (object > focal point > refracted
parallel to principal axis).
● Draw the central ray (object > straight through the
middle of the lens).
 Try It!
Determine the location and characteristics
of the image of the arrow using ray
diagramming techniques in the given
illustration below.
 Try It! (Answer)
Determine the location and characteristics
of the image of the arrow using ray
diagramming techniques in the given
illustration below.
The inverted, real,
and reduced image
is formed at the other
side of the lens.
 Try It!

What is the orientation, size, and type of

image formed from the object positioned
in front of a converging lens below?
 Try It! (Answer)

What is the orientation, size, and type of

image formed from the object positioned
in front of a converging lens below?

Placing the object at the

focal point of the lens
will not produce an
image.
 Key Points

● Converging lens also called a convex lens, is the type

of lens that has thicker middle parts. It focuses parallel
light rays from infinity to a single converging point.
● Ray diagramming techniques involve illustrating the
principal ray, focal ray, and central ray.
● The image formed in lenses can be described by its size,
orientation, type, and location.
 Check Your Understanding

Given the following diagrams of objects in each situation,

identify which region the image will appear. Also, describe the
characteristics of the image according to orientation, size and
type. (Note: the focal point is located at the intersection of the
principal axis and region boundary)

1. Orientation: upright /
inverted
2. Size: magnified /
diminished / same height
3. Type: real / virtual
4. Region the image will appear:
Lesson 7.2

Diverging Lens
 Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able

to do the following:

● Describe what a diverging lens is.

● Apply ray diagramming techniques in

describing the characteristics and positions of
images formed by diverging lenses.
Cameras use a
combination of a
converging and
diverging lenses to
improve the quality of
photographs.
Combining the two
lenses reduce the
distortions, called
chromatic aberrations,
in the images.
A flashlight uses a
concave or a diverging
lens to magnify the
light produced by the
bulb. As it passes
through the lens, the
radius of the light
sources increases and
creates a wider beam.
In this lesson, you will learn what diverging lenses are and
what are the characteristics of the image produced by this
type of lens.
 Learn about It

Diverging Lens
• Diverging lenses are
lenses that are thin in the
middle and bulk at the
edges.
• These are also known as
concave lenses.
The different types of diverging
lenses
 Learn about It

Diverging Lens

Diverging lenses deflect

parallel rays away from each
other making it appear to be
diverging from the focal
point.

The path of rays as they pass

through a diverging lens
 Learn about It

Ray Diagramming Technique for Diverging

Lens
• The principal ray is
parallel to the principal
axis of the diverging lens.
• It refracts through the
lens and travel in line with
the focal point.
The principal ray passes through a diverging
lens and is deflected away from the principal
axis and kept in line with the focus.
 Learn about It

Ray Diagramming Technique for Diverging

Lens
• The focal ray passes
towards the focus at the
opposite side.
• It refracts through the
lens and travel parallel to
the principal axis.
The focal ray passes through a
diverging lens and is deflected to
a direction parallel to the principal
 Learn about It

Ray Diagramming Technique for Diverging

Lens
• The central ray passing
through the center of the
lens is unrefracted.
• It directly passes through
the center without being
bent.
The central ray passes through the
center of the lens unrefracted.
 Learn about It

Ray Diagramming Technique for Diverging

Lens
The intersection of the
extensions of the rays
determines the location and
characteristics of the image
formed by the diverging
lens.
The intersection of the rays
locates the image formed by a
diverging lens.
 Tips

In ray diagramming, remember to draw the following

rays:
• a ray parallel to the principal axis that will refract
through the lens and travel in line with the focal point
• a ray that travels towards the focal point at the
opposite side and will refract through the lens and
travel parallel to the principal axis
• an unrefracted ray that passes through the center of
the lens
 Try It!
Determine the location and characteristics
of the image of the arrow using ray
diagramming techniques in the given
illustration below.
 Try It! (Answer)
Determine the location and characteristics
of the image of the arrow using ray
diagramming techniques in the given
illustration below.
Therefore, the image
which is erect,
diminished, and
virtual is formed at
the same side of the
lens as the object.
 Try It!

What is the orientation, size, and type of

image formed from the object positioned
in front of a converging lens below?
 Try It! (Answer)

What is the orientation, size, and type of

image formed from the object positioned
in front of a converging lens below?
Therefore, the image
which is erect,
diminished, and
virtual is formed at
the same side of
the lens as the
 Key Points

● Diverging lens also called concave lens, is the type of

lens that has thicker edges. It diverged rays away from
each other.
● Biconcave lens is the most common type of concave
lens used.
● Ray diagramming techniques involve the drawing of
three rays that are somewhat similar to the behavior in
converging lenses.
● Diverging lenses or concave lenses always produce
images which are upright, virtual, reduced in size,
 Check Your Understanding
Given the following diagrams of objects in each situation,
identify in which region the image will appear. Also, describe
the characteristics of the image according to orientation, size,
and type. Encircle the correct answer in each item. (Note: The
focal point is located at the intersection of the principal axis
and region boundary.)
1. Orientation: upright /
inverted
2. Size: magnified /
diminished / same height
3. Type: real / virtual
4. Region the image will appear:
 Check Your Understanding

Complete the following anagram.

1. converging lens: bulge at middle :: diverging lens:
__________
2. convex image type: real :: concave image type:
__________
3. convex image orientation: inverted :: concave image
orientation: __________
 Bibliography

“Lenses.” BU Arts & Sciences Physics. Accessed February 8, 2022.

http://physics.bu.edu/py106/notes/Lenses.html.

“Refraction of light.” BBC Bitesize. Accessed February 8, 2022.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3jbh39/revision/1.

“The Mathematics of Lenses.” Accessed February 8, 2022. The Physics Classroom.

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/Lesson-5/The-Mathematics-of-Lenses.