REFRACTION OF LIGHT IN

LENSES
For SCIENCE Grade10
REFRACTION OF LIGHT IN LENSES
Quarter 2 - Week
For SCIENCE Grade610
Quarter 2/Week 7

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 FOREWORD

This Self-Learning Kit will serve as guide in

understanding on how light rays behave as it dramatically
hit the lens or to any transparent substance in which
changing the location of the object from the lens greatly
affect the image that is formed. The activities in this lesson
enable the students to analyze different images
produced in convex and concave lenses.

Moreover, this will help them embrace the

significance of selecting the right type of lenses. The
knowledge they acquire may also be useful in their daily
lives and to the whole community.

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 Objectives
1. Differentiate between convex and concave lens.
2. Illustrate ray diagrams for lenses.
3. Show graphically the changes in the image formed as an
object’s position is changed.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type and

magnification) of images formed by plane and curved mirrors and lenses.
(S10FE-IIg-50)

I. WHAT HAPPENED

PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST
Directions:
A. Match each Term on the left with the best Description on the right.
Each Descriptor may be used only once. Write only the letter of your correct
choice on the space provided in each term.

Term Description

1. Lens A. Point where the converging light rays

meet
2. Focal length B. Lens that is thinner in the middle than at
the edge
3. Convex lens C. A piece of transparent material that
bends light
4. Concave lens D. Lens that is thicker in the middle than at
the edge
5. Focal point E. Distance from the center of the lens to the
focal point

B. Circle the letter of the best answer

6. A ray that shows the direction that light travels after it has crossed over the
boundary.
A. Refracted Ray C. angle ray
B. Incident Ray D. Normal Ray
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7. The bending of light as it passes from one transparent substances into
another
A. Reflection C. Refraction
B. Focal D. Vertex, V
8. The geometric center of the lens
A. Focus, F C. Ray
B. Focal length D. Vertex, V
9. What happens to the light rays that pass through a convex lens?
A. All the light rays diverge
B. All the light rays converge
C. All the light rays are absorbed by the lens
D. Some light rays diverge and some light rays converge
10. Describe the image that is produced by a concave lens.
A. It is upright and larger than the object
B. It is upright and smaller than the object
C. It is upside down and larger than the object
D. It is upside down and smaller than the object
11. Which of the following is a concave lens?

A. C.

B. D.

12. A concave lens reflects light rays

A. Towards the normal
B. Away from the normal
C. Along the normal
D. None of the above
13. A concave lens reflects light rays
A. Towards the normal C. Along the normal
B. Away from the normal D. None of the above
14. Light rays converge
A. At the focal length C. Inside the lens
B. At the focal point D. On the edge of the lens
15. If the object is more than two focal lengths from a convex lens, the
image will be
A. Upside down and smaller
B. Upside down and larger
C. Upright and larger
D. No image form

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II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one

transparent substance into another. The bending by refraction
makes it possible for us to have lenses, magnifying glasses, prisms
and rainbows. Even our eyes depend upon this bending of light.
Without refraction, we would not be able to focus light into our
retina.

Study the picture below:

http://munnscience.weebly.com/refraction-lab.html

As the light from the fish leaves the water it bends away from the
normal (right angled line to the surface). This makes the fish appear to be
nearer to the surface and farther away because your eye assumes light
travels in a straight line.

Refraction is merely one of several possible boundary behaviors by

which a light wave could behave when it encounters a new medium or an
obstacle in its path. The transmission of light across a boundary between two
media is accompanied by a change in both the speed and wavelength of
the wave. The light wave not only changes directions at the boundary, it also
speeds up or slows down and transform into a wave with a larger or a shorter
wavelength. The only time that a wave can be transmitted across the
boundary, change its speed and still not refract is when the light wave
approaches the boundary in a direction that is perpendicular to it. As long as
the light wave changes speed and approaches the boundary at an angle,
refraction is observed.

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 DISCUSSION
Types of Lenses
Comparison Chart
BASIS FOR
CONVEX LENS CONCAVE LENS
COMPARISON
Convex Lens refers to the lens Concave lens can be
Meaning which merges the light rays at identified as the lens
a particular point that travels which disperses the
to it light rays around that
hits the lenses

Figure

Curve Outward Inward

Light Converges Diverges
Thicker at the center as Thinner at the center
Center and edges compared to its edges as compared to its
edges
Focal length Positive Negative
Image Real and inverted image Virtual, erect and
diminished image
Objects Appear closer and larger Appear smaller and
farther

Definition of Convex Lens

Convex lenses are the lenses that feel massive at the center than at the
edges. The curve of the lens is outward, and as the light beams pass through
the lens, it refracts them and brings them together, resulting in the
convergence of light, due to which it is also named as a converging lens.
Look at the figure given below:

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 http://keydifferences.com/difference-between-convex-and-concave-lens.html#ComparisonChart

So, the point where the light rays meet is known as a focal point,
or principal focus and space amidst the center of the lens and the principal
focus is the focal length. Further, it generates a real and inverted image, but
it can also form a virtual image when the object is placed too close the
lenses. Such lenses are used to focus a beam of light on making the object
look clearer and larger.

Example: The lenses of a camera are a convex lens, as the light rays focus
on person or object being captured.

Definition of Concave Lens

Concave lenses represent the type of lenses which are slender at the
center than at the borders. The shape of a concave lens is round inward that
bend that bends the beams outward, causing divergence of the rays of light
falling on it, so it is known as a diverging lens. This also makes the object look
smaller and farther than they really are and the image formed is virtual,
diminished and upright.

http ://keydifferences.com/difference-between-convex-and-concave-
lens.html#ComparisonChart

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 As you can see in the given figure, the light rays appear to be diverging
from a virtual point, which is known as principal focus or focal point. Further,
the length between the focal point and the center of the lens is called focal
length.

Example: Concave lenses are use in the side mirrors of cars and
motorbikes. They can also be used in movie projectors to spread the image.

Images Formed by Lenses

In locating the image formed in lenses graphically, two important
points are considered. The following important points are enumerated below.

Figure 1. Lenses (a) Convex Lens (b) Concave Lens

• Vertex, V – The geometric center of the lens.

• Focal point/Focus, F- A point where light rays converge (or appears to

converge) when parallel light rays pass through a lens. Its distance from
the vertex is called the focal length.

The ‘Three Most Useful Rays’ in Lenses

Images formed in a lens can be located and described through ray

diagramming. The following three most useful rays for convex and concave
lenses are presented below.

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Convex Concave
Lens(Converging Lens(Diverging Lens)
Lens)

1. P-F Ray. A ray of light 1. P-F Ray. A ray of light

parallel to the principal parallel to the principal
axis is refracted passing axis is refracted as if
through the principal passing through the
focus, F behind the lens. principal focus, F in
front of the lens.

2. F-P Ray. A ray of light 2. F-P Ray. A ray of light

passing through the directed towards the
focus, F, in front of the focus, F behind the lens
lens is refracted parallel is refracted parallel to
to the axis. the principal axis.

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 3. V Ray. A ray of light 3. V-Ray. A ray of light
passing through the passing through the
exact center of the lens exact center of the lens
(Vertex) continue to (vertex) continue to
travel in the same travel in the same
direction. direction.

To graphically determine the position and kind of the image formed, the
ray diagram can be used. Consider the following steps using the three major
rays described above:

1. From the object, draw the first ray (P-F).From the same point on the
object, draw the second (F-P ray), and third (V ray) rays.

2. Intersection of the rays is the image point corresponding to the object

point. For example, if you started diagramming from the tip of the arrow-
shaped object, the intersection of the refracted rays is also the tip of the
arrow-shaped image. Thus, you can determine completely the position and
characteristics of the image.

3. For a concave lens, light rays diverge from a virtual focus; but the
procedure for locating images is the same as for convex lenses.

In the activity below, you will use the steps described above to locate
and describe the images formed by convex and concave lenses by
graphical method. To do this, always start by drawing the lens and its
principal axis, then identify the F and 2F on the principal axis. Next is to draw
the object, then diagram the rays from the object.

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 Activity 1
Are you L-O-S-T after Refraction?

Materials:
• paper
• ruler

Procedure
1. Copy each of the diagrams (A-H)below on a clear sheet of
paper. Construct ray diagram using, as much as possible, the ‘three most
useful rays’ for each of the following cases to determine the location,
orientation, sixe, and type of the image.

Convex Lens

A.

2F’ F’ F 2F

B.

2F’ F’ F 2F

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C.

2F’ F’ F 2F

D.

2F’ F’ F 2F

E.

2F’ F’ F 2F

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 Concave Lens
F.

G.

H.

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Table 1. Location, Orientation, Size, and Type of Image Formed by Lenses

Image
Orientation Size (Same,
Type
Location of Object Location (upright or reduced or
(real or virtual)
inverted) enlarged)
CONVEX LENS
A. Beyond 2F’
B. At 2F’

C. Between 2F’
and F’
D. At the Focal
point, F’
E. Between F’
and V
CONCAVE LENS
F. At 2F’
G. At the Focal
point, F
H. Between F’
and V

Questions:
1. Refer to Table 1. How does the image change in its size and
location, as the object comes nearer the convex lens? Concave
lens?
2. Why is it impossible for a concave lens to form a real image?

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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

EVALUATION/POST TEST
Directions:
Compare and contrast concave lenses and convex. Lenses.

Lenses
Lenses

Concave Convex

Draw the lens 1.-2. (2pts.) 3.-4. (2pts.)

Do the light rays

5. 6.
converge or diverge?

Is the image upright 7. 8.

or upside down?

Is the image smaller

or larger than the 9. 10.
object?

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 REFERENCES

Acosta, Herma, et.al. 2015. Science 10 Learner’s Module. Department of

Education. Rex Book Store, Inc.

cl.wpmucdn.com. 2020. Light and Lenses Worksheet. Accessed September

2020.
http://ssrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/crewsr/documents/science%208/light/L
enses-Worksheet.pdf.

Dorrington, Adrian. 2020. Refraction of light. May. Accessed September 2020.

https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/49-refraction-of-light.

S, Surbhi. 2017. Difference Between Convex and Concave Lens. Accessed

September 2020. https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-
convex-and-concave-lens.html#ComparisonChart.

The Physics Classroom. 2020. The Cause of Refraction. Accessed September

2020. https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/Lesson-1/The-
Cause-of-Refraction.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, PHD, Ed. D, TM

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

RACHEL B. PICARDAL, Ed.D.

SGOD Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
Education Program Supervisor – (SCIENCE & MATH)

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

MARLENE E. ELLOREN
Writer
_________________________________

BETA QA TEAM

ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY
MERCY G. DAGOY
RANJEL D. ESTIMAR
MARIA SALOME B. GOMEZ
JUSTIN PAUL ARSENIO C. KINAMOT
ARJIE T. PALUMPA

ALPHA QA TEAM

ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
ADELINE FE D. DIMAANO, Ed. D.
VICENTE B. MONGCOPA
FLORENTINA P. PASAJINGE

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and
may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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SYNOPSIS Answer Key

PRE-TEST POST TEST

This learning kit provides
1. C 1. -2. Concave -lenses are thinner
an activity that helps the student
2. E in the middle than at the edges
to practice their skill, learn to
3. D 3.-4. Convex- lenses are thicker
interpret and it enhances their 4. B in the middle than the edges
ability in giving precise 5. A 5. diverge
images in refraction of light rays. 6. A 6. converge
The complete understanding 7. C 7. upright
concave and convex lenses is 8. D 8. upright/upside
very essential in our daily 9. B 9. smaller
activities. 10. B 10. smaller/larger
11. C Activity 1-Are you LOST after Refraction?
12. B Pls. refer Science10-
13. A Teacher’s Guide pp. 153-155
14. B
15. A

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Marlene E. Elloren completed her BSE-General

Science at CVPC Main Campus-now known as
NORSU. She earned units in Master of Arts in
Science Teaching in the same school. Currently
teaching science to Grades 9 and 10. A teacher-
facilitator and designated as the School Science
Coordinator at Zamboanguita Science High
School, Zamboanguita District.

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