Tutorial 1

Computer
Networks
Tutorial : 1
Agenda
• What is the Computer Network

• Benefits of Computer Networks
• Basic Network Terminologies
• Network Classifications
• Cisco Packet Tracer
What is the Computer Network
(CN) ?
• a collection of computers, and other devices, or

peripherals connected together through
connecting media to perform certain task such
as share resources or information exchange
Benefits of Computer
Networks
Resources Sharing :
 File Sharing
 Devices Sharing
 Software Sharing with multi-
user licenses.
 Shared Internet Access
Basic
Network
Terminologi
es
Basic Network Terminologies
 NIC (Network Interface Card) :-

 The hardware that plugs into the motherboard
RG 45 Cable

 The hardware that plugs into the motherboard

 Network Interface cards can be wired or wireless
 Mac address:- ( unchangeable )

 Physical Address, Unique address over the world burned on the NIC card
 Sharing data without MAC address is impossible
 Mac address:- ( unchangeable )

 Physical Address, Unique address over the world burned on the NIC card
 Sharing data without MAC address is impossible
 IP Address :- (changeable )
 IP address stands for Internet Protocol address
 Protocol means a set of defined rules between sender and reciver
 Protocol means a set of defined rules between sender and receiver
 Protocol means a set of defined rules between sender and receiver
 IP is called logical address

 Subnet Mask :-
 A subnet mask is a four-octet number used to identify the network ID
portion of a 32-bit IP address
 Subnet Mask :-
 A subnet mask is a four-octet number used to identify the network ID
portion of a 32-bit IP address
 IP in Network:-
 Hub :-
 Allow different nodes to communicate with each other at the
same network(Slow the network)
 Switch :-
 Allow different nodes to communicate with each other at the
same network without slowing each other
 Router :-
 Allow different networks to communicate with each other
Networks
Classificatio
ns
According to Covered Area
PAN – MAN- WAN-INTERNET
Personal Area
Networks
(PAN)
 A computer network for
interconnecting devices for personal
use .
 A PAN provides data transmission
among devices such as computers,
smartphones, tablets and personal
digital assistants
Local Area
Networks
(LAN)
 a group of computers connected in
small geographical area such as a
school, laboratory, university campus
or office building
 Allow users to share files and
services
 High speed of communications
 Under your administrative Control

Metropolitan
Area
Networks
(MAN)
 A MAN connects an area larger than
a LAN but smaller than a WAN.
Wide Area
Networks
(WAN)
 A WAN is a group of computers

connected in Large geographical
area such as country
 Under your ISP Administrative
control
Internet :
World Wide
Web (WWW)
 The internet is defined as a global

mesh of interconnected networks
 No one actually owns the Internet
 Many Orgs, ISPs, Companies, Govs
own pieces of Internet
Infrastructure.
Networks
Classificatio
ns
According to Network Topology
Bus – Star- Ring- Mesh-Hybrid
Network
Topologies
 It refers to the shape of a network
 We have two types of Network topologies:
1. The physical topology : how computers

connected to each other physically wired or
wireless ( wires )
2. The logical topology : how to send message
from device to other ( configurations )
 The choice of topology is dependent upon :
 Type and number of equipment being used
 Cost
Bus Topology
 All devices are connected to a central cable,
called the bus or backbone (shared
communication medium)
 Both ends of the network must be terminated
with a terminator. (can be used to extend the
network.)
 The message is heard by all stations, but only
the intended recipient actually accepts and
processes the message.
Star Topology
 All the devices are connected to a
centralized unit such as a Hub or Switch.
 Nodes communicate across the network by
passing data through the central device.
 We have 2 types of star topology based on
centralized unite :-
1. Hubbed Star. (can broadcast)
2. Switched Star.
Cisco
Packet
Tracer
Simulator
Cisco Packet Tracer is a
comprehensive networking
simulation software tool for
teaching and learning how to
create network topologies and
imitate modern computer
network

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Computer

• What is the Computer Network

• a collection of computers, and other devices, or

 NIC (Network Interface Card) :-

 NIC (Network Interface Card) :-

 NIC (Network Interface Card) :-

 Mac address:- ( unchangeable )

 Mac address:- ( unchangeable )

 IP is called logical address

 Under your administrative Control

 A WAN is a group of computers

 The internet is defined as a global

1. The physical topology : how computers

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