ENGINEERING

MATHEMATICS I

FUNCTIONS

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 COURSE
GRADING

MID-SEMESTER
EXAM 20%

ATTENDANC
E 5% FINAL EXAM
QUIZ 5% 60%
ASSIGNMENT TOTA
10%
L
100% 2
 FUNCTIONS
 DEFINITION OF FUNCTION
 TYPES OF FUNCTION
 VERTICAL LINE TEST FOR
FUNCTION
 FUNCTION COMPOSITION

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 REFERENCE
BOOKS
 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS BY K.A STROUDA

 THOMAS’ CALCULUS EARLY TRANSCENDENTALS BY

George B. Thomas, Jr. 12TH ED.

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 INTRODUCTION
 Function is used to represent the relationship between two or
more variables.
 the value of one variable quantity, say y, depends on the value
of another variable quantity, which we often call x. We say that
“y is a function of x” and write this symbolically as
y = ƒ(x) (“y equals ƒ of x”).
 The function is represented by symbol ƒ, the letter x is the
independent variable representing the input value of ƒ, and y is
the dependent variable or output value of ƒ at x.

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 Domain and Range of a function
In simplest terms the domain of a function is the set
of all values that can be plugged into a function and
have the function exist and have a real number for a
value

The range of a function is simply the set of all

possible values that a function can take.

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EXAMPLE

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EXAMPLE

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 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
FUNCTION
 The method used graphs to represent a function by plotting
both the range and domain of the function.
 If ƒ is a function with domain D, its graph consists of the points
in the Cartesian plane whose coordinates are the input-output
pairs for ƒ. In set notation, the graph is

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 EXAMPLE
Plot the graph of a function f(x)=x+2
Solution
 The function is linear function since the highest power is 1
 Assume x=0 and find the value of f(x)
 Assume f(x)=0 and find the value of x
 Mark the location of f(x) when x=0 on y-axis
 Mark the location of x when f(x)=0 on x-axis
 Draw a straight line passing through the tw o points

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 EXAMPLE II

Solution
 For quadratic and polynomial function
 Prepare a table with column representing a term in the polynomial
 With number of rows representing the range
 With first column representing the range
 With the last column representing f(x) for each corresponding value in the
range
 Plot the entities of the first column against the corresponding entities of
the last column
 Use smooth curve to connect the points

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VERTICAL LINE TEST FOR A FUNCTION
 Not every curve in the coordinate plane can be the graph of a
function.
 A function ƒ can have only one value f(x) for each x in its
domain, so no vertical line can intersect the graph of a function
more than once.
 If a is in the domain of the function ƒ, then the vertical line
x=a will intersect the graph of ƒ at the single point (a, f(a)) .
 A circle cannot be the graph of a function since some vertical
lines intersect the circle twice.

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 EXAMPLE
 The circle in Figure 1.7a, however, does contain the graphs of two
functions of x

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 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
Piecewise Functions
 Is a function described by using different formulas on different parts of
its domain. One example is the absolute value function

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EXAMPLE

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EVEN FUNCTIONS AND ODD FUNCTIONS

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EVEN FUNCTIONS AND ODD FUNCTIONS

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 EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE SOLUTION

Classify the
following
function and
plot their graph

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 EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE SOLUTION

Classify the
following
function and
plot their graph

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 LINEAR FUNCTIONS
 A function of the form f(x)= mx+b, for constants m and b, is
called a linear function.
 Figure 1.14a shows an array of lines f(x)= mx where b=0 so
these lines pass through the origin.
 The function f(x)= x where m=1 and b=0 is called the
identity function.
 Constant functions result when the slope m=0 (Figure
1.14b).
 A linear function with positive slope whose graph passes
through the origin is called a proportionality relationship.

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LINEAR FUNCTION

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 POWER FUNCTIONS
 A function f(x)= x^a where a is a constant, is called a power
function.
 Notice that as the power n gets larger, the curves tend to
flatten toward the x-axis on the interval (-1, 1) and also rise
more steeply for |x|> 1
 Each curve passes through the point (1, 1) and through the
origin.
 The graphs of functions with even powers are symmetric
about the y-axis; those with odd powers are symmetric about
the origin.
 The even-powered functions are decreasing on the interval (-
ȹ,0) and increasing on (0, ȹ); the odd-powered functions are
increasing over the entire real line (-ȹ, ȹ)
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ROOT FUNCTIONS

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POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS

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POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS

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TRIG FUNCTION

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 EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
 Functions of the form f(x)=a^x where the base a>0 is a
positive constant and a ≠0 and are called exponential
functions.
 All exponential functions have domain (-ȹ, ȹ) and range (0,
ȹ)
 An exponential function never assumes the value 0.

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LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION

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 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
 If ƒ and g are functions, the composite function f ● g (“ƒ
composed with g”) is defined by

 In other words, compositions are evaluated by plugging the

second function listed into the first function listed.

 The domain of f●g consists of the numbers x in the domain of

g for which g(x) lies in the domain of ƒ.

 To find f●g first find g(x) and second find ƒ(g(x)).

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EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLES

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