Road Safety Enforcement
Road Safety Enforcement
Road Safety Enforcement
Speeding laws
National speed law in place
Speed limits on urban roads 20 – 30 km/h
Local authorities have the power to modify national speed limits
ENFORCEMENT
WHO suggestions
Drink-driving laws
National drink-driving law in place
Drink-driving law is based on blood alcohol concentration (BAC) or
equivalent breath alcohol concentration (BrAC)
BAC limit for general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl, but limit for young/novice drivers
≤ 0.02 g/dl
ENFORCEMENT
WHO suggestions
Motorcycle helmets laws
Ensure that National motorcycle helmet law is in place
Law applies to motorcycle drivers and passengers
Law applies to all road and engine types
Law requires helmet to be properly fastened and meet a national or
international standard
Seat-belt for cars
National seat-belt law in place
The law applies to drivers and front- and rear-seat passengers
ENFORCEMENT
Other enforcement points
Consider adding reflective tape to your clothing to make it easier for other
drivers to see you
Don’t assume drivers see you: signal well in advance before changing lanes and
watch for turning vehicles
No use of mobile phones during riding
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ENFORCEMENT
Riding a Two-Wheeler without a Helmet On
One must wear a helmet at all times while riding a two-wheeler
The law states that all individuals on a two-wheeler must put on helmets
and not just the driver
Penalties for non-compliance with this rule come in the form of fines of
up to Rs.1000
In serious cases, traffic authorities may decide to suspend the license for
a period of up to 3 months as well
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ENFORCEMENT
Always wear a DOT compliant helmet
Section 129 Motor Vehicles Act '88
The provisions require the protective headgear to conform to the standards of
Bureau of Indian Standards
The law thus requires that all protective helmets for motorcycle riders should
meet or exceed the minimum performance requirements specified in the
corresponding Indian Standard
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ENFORCEMENT
Turban
The provision to section 129 MVA'88 stipulates that the requirement for
wearing protective headgear protective headgear shall not apply to a
person who is a Sikh, if he is, while driving or riding on the motorcycle, in
a public place, wearing a turban
Thus Sikh drivers/riders (male) are exempted from wearing safety
helmets only when wearing a proper turban
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ENFORCEMENT
Child restraints laws
National child-restraint law in place and is based on age-weight-height or a
combination of these factors
Law restricts children under a certain age-height from sitting in front seat
ENFORCEMENT
WHO suggestions
Build public trust
Launching mass media campaigns in support of enforcement
maximizes compliance and builds public support
Take steps to prevent corruption in traffic law enforcement, for
example, by training police and adopting devices such as speed
cameras that provide objective evidence of violations
ENFORCEMENT FOR CARS &
MOTORCYCLISTS
Do Not Drink and Drive
A statistic reveals that around 19 Indians are killed daily due to drunk-
driving road accidents
As per the current law, the blood alcohol limit permissible for driving is
up to 0.03%, which is equivalent to 30 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood
If an individual fails to pass this BAC test, he/she can be fined between
Rs.2000 and Rs.10000, based on the final blood alcohol limit
Moreover, such individuals may also be sentenced to a prison term
ranging between 7 months and four years
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ENFORCEMENT FOR CARS &
MOTORCYCLISTS
Always Own Valid Car Insurance Policy
According to the Motor Vehicles Act of 1988, all motor vehicles in India
need to possess valid third-party insurance coverage at all times
If you are not careful and the insurance policy lapses, you could be
penalised for driving a vehicle without such a protection plan
The traffic authorities charge a fine of Rs.2000 for a first-time offence of
this nature. However, repeat offences can lead to penalties of up to
Rs.4000
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ENFORCEMENT
Wear seatbelt while Driving a Car
Mandatory Seat belt for driver
If caught driving without seat belt, traffic cops can fine up to Rs.1000 on
the spot
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ENFORCEMENT
Using a Mobile Phone while Riding
As per the new Motor Vehicle rules in effect from Oct 1, 2020, drivers can
only use their phones as a navigational tool while on the wheel
If caught using the phone in any other fashion while driving, a fine of up
to Rs.5000 may be imposed
A one-year prison sentence also applies to such traffic violators
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ENFORCEMENT
Over Speeding
Drivers should never exceed the recommended speed guidelines on
roads, as doing so will draw the ire of traffic cops
As per a report, 66% of accidents in 2018 were caused due to speeding
on Indian roads
The fine charged for speeding varies as per the size of your vehicle,
typically ranging between Rs.1000 and Rs.2000
Jumping the Red Light
Penalties of up to Rs.5000 and a one-year prison sentence
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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
POLICIES
National Road Safety Policy of GoaI proposes multi-pronged
strategy based on 4 E’s
Enforcing safety laws – increased highway patrolling
GOI constituted the National Road Safety Council - the apex body
to take policy decisions in matters of road safety
The Ministry has requested all States/UTs to set up State Road
Safety Council and District Road Safety Committee, and hold their
meetings regularly
CAR DRIVERS
Training of drivers
Better licensing systems
Efforts being made to change driver behavior
Focus on problems of drunken driving, absence of seat belt use,
over-speeding and use of mobiles
CAR DRIVERS
In transportation, driver error is a significant contributing
factor in most crashes
errors of judgment concerning closing speed, gap acceptance, curve
negotiation, and appropriate speeds to approach intersections
In-vehicle and roadway distractions, driver inattentiveness, and driver
weariness can lead to errors
Also, driver may be overloaded by the information processing required
to carry out multiple tasks simultaneously, which may lead to error
To reduce information load, drivers rely on a-priori knowledge, based on
learned patterns of response; they are more likely to make mistakes when their
expectations are not met.
In addition to unintentional errors, drivers sometimes deliberately violate traffic
control devices and laws
DRIVING TASKS
Driver has to perform various sub-tasks
Control: Keeping the vehicle at a desired speed and heading within the
lane
Guidance: Interacting with other vehicles (following, passing, merging,
etc.) by maintaining a safe following distance and by following markings,
traffic control signs, and signals
Navigation: Following a path from origin to destination by reading guide
signs and using landmarks
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Navigati
DRIVING TASK HIERARCHY on
Guidance
Control
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DRIVER CHARACTERISTICS
AND LIMITATIONS
Attention and information processing ability
Vision capability
Perception-response time
Speed choice
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ATTENTION AND INFORMATION
PROCESSING ABILITY
Driver attention and ability to process information is limited
Driving requires division of attention between control tasks,
guidance tasks, and navigational tasks
To account for limited information processing capacity while
driving, drivers subconsciously determine acceptable information
loads they can manage
When acceptable incoming information load is exceeded, they
tend to neglect other information based on level of importance
traffic conditions and operational situations can overload the user
in many ways
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ATTENTION AND INFORMATION
PROCESSING ABILITY
Roadway design considerations for reducing driver workload are:
Presenting information in a consistent manner to maintain appropriate
workload;
Presenting information sequentially, rather than all at once, for each of the
control, guidance, and navigation tasks; and,
Providing clues to help drivers prioritize the most important information to assist
them in reducing their workload by shedding extraneous tasks.
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ATTENTION AND INFORMATION
PROCESSING ABILITY
Drivers’ attention is not fully within their conscious control. For
drivers with some degree of experience, driving is a highly
automated task
it is likely that the driver’s attention will wander, either through internal
preoccupation or through engaging in non-driving tasks.
Factors such as increased traffic congestion and increased societal
pressure to be productive could also contribute to distracted drivers
and inattention.
Inattention may result in
inadvertent movements out of the lane, or failure to detect a stop sign, a traffic
signal, or a vehicle or pedestrian on a conflicting path at an intersection
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ATTENTION AND INFORMATION
PROCESSING ABILITY
Driver Expectation
One way to accommodate for human information processing
limitations is to design roadway environments in accordance with
driver expectations
When drivers can rely on past experience to assist with control,
guidance, or navigation tasks there is less to process because they
only need to process new information.
Drivers develop both long- and short-term expectancies
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VISION CAPABILITY
Approximately 90 percent of the information that drivers use is
visual
Visual Acuity
The ability to see details at a distance
Contrast Sensitivity
The ability to detect slight differences in luminance (brightness of light) between
an object and its background
Peripheral Vision
The ability to detect objects that are outside of the area of most accurate vision
within the eye
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VISION CAPABILITY
Movement in Depth
The ability to estimate the speed of another vehicle by the rate of change of
visual angle of the vehicle created at the eye
Visual Search
The ability to search the rapidly changing road scene to collect road information
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PERCEPTION-REACTION TIME
PRT includes time to
detect a target & process the information,
decide on a response,
initiate a reaction.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KW6fEjop9vo
https://youtu.be/CcS7zBVuMVg