SELF LEARNING

Evaluation
TOPIC:
BIODIVERSITY AND MANAGEMENT
GROUP 14
Name of the students :
• SHRUT SHAH (HSBC0854)
• TANAY SHAH (HSBC0855)
• TANISHA H SHAH(HSBC0856)
• TANISHA T SHAH (HSBC0857)
• TWISHA SHAH (HSBC0858)
• UMANG SHAH (HSBC0859)
• URJA SHAH (HSBC0860)
 Contents
• Introduction
• Concept of biodiversity and it’s types
• Biodiversity and balance of nature
• Benefits of biodiversity
• Threats of biodiversity
• Biodiversity of India
• Conventions or preventions of biodiversity
• Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Biodiversity refers to varies life's on earth including humans , animals, plants ,
microorganisms. It also refers to encompassing the multitude of species , their
genetic differences and the ecosystem they form . Biodiversity Management
involves practices aimed at preserving and sustaining this variety , often including
conservation efforts, sustainable use if resources and habitat protection to maintain
ecological balance and support human well- being . Biodiversity conservation
involves implementing strategies to safeguard biological diversity, monitoring and
managing wildlife population and promoting practices that support the coexistence
of human activities and nature . Such effort aims to ensure the long term
sustainability of ecosystem and the well being of both wildlife and human
communities .
 CONCEPT OF BIODIVERSITY AND IT’S TYPES

• Biodiversity changes over time as extinction occurs and new species evolve . The term
biodiversity was coined in 1985. It is important in natural as well as artificial ecosystems.
It deals with nature’s variety biosphere . It refers to variabilities among plants , animals
and microorganism species. Biodiversity holds ecological and economic significance. It is
crucial for maintaining balance of ecosystem, providing essential services such as clean
air and water and contributing to human well- being through resources like food ,
medicine, and recreation.
There are three types of biodiversity:
1. Species diversity: it refers to the variety of different species in a particular region. It
includes both no. of species present and their relative abundance.
2. Ecosystem diversity: it pertains the variety of habitats ,communities and ecological
processes. It encompasses different types of forests , deserts, grasslands ,wet lands
and marine environment .
3. Genetic diversity: it concerns the variation of genes within a species. It is essential for
long term survival of species as it enables them to adapt the changing environment
and helps maintain resilience against diseases and other threats
 BIODIVERSITY AND BALANCE OF
NATURE
Biological balance refers to the interrelationships among organisms including the
structure of food webs and the ability of ecological system to sustain themselves
over time. Diversity and biological balance may influence the functioning and
stability of ecological systems . Scientists generally agree that as the no. Of species
in any particular type of ecological systems declines, that system can potentially
lose its resilience. Biological diversity and balance can be impacted by both natural
forces and human activities happening over different time and spatial scales.
Changes can occur over millions of years , or be rapid and dramatic. Ecological
systems that are stable in short run and evolve in different systems in long term
Examples: bird population, fish faunal intactness , Coastal Benthic Communities
 BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY
• Improves human nutrition and provide sources of medicine and vitamins .
• Increases productivity, food security and economic returns.
• Contribute to pest and disease management.
• Conserve soil and increase natural soil fertility and health .
• Contribute to sustainable intensification.
• Helps maximize the effective use of natural resources.
• Biodiversity increases the resilience of ecosystem provides them with more
strength to recover / bounce back after something happens.
 Threats of Biodiversity
The main threats to biodiversity
1. Climate change : Increase in the temperature of the atmosphere has major effects on the environment
such as the seasons , rising of the sea levels ,and glacial retreats .
2. Habitat loss and degradation: Habitat loss may either be caused by natural events like natural calamities
and geological events or anthropogenic activities like deforestation and man-induced climate change.
3. Pollution: Be in water, air or land pollution all forms of pollution appear to be a threat to all life forms on
Earth .
4. Invasive species: an exotic or unnatural species can be any kind of organism that has been introduced to
foreign habitat .This introduction can cause major threats to the native species.
5. Overexploitation: it refers to the act of over harvesting species and natural resources at rates faster than
they can actually sustain themselves in the wild.
6. Other potential threats: Epidemics and infectious diseases of wildlife such as Ebola vims disease, infectious
diseases and flu affect wildlife and biodiversity .
 Biodiversity of India
• India is a megadiverse nation ,housing around 10% of world’s species . It also has a rich cultural heritage going back
thousands of years. Much of Indian biodiversity is related to socio-cultural practices of the land . Unfortunately due to
population explosion, climate changes and tax implementation of environmental policies, several species are facing
the threat of extinction.
• Flora and fauna of India:
According to (IUCN ) International Union for Conservation of Nature : India is a mega diverse country with only 2.4% of
the world’s land area ,accounts for 7-8%of all recorded species, including species of plants and species of animals .
1. There are about 45,000 species of plants which is about 7% of world’s total . About 33% of these are endemic .
2. There are 15000 flowering plants , which is 6% of world’s total . Roughly 1500 plant species are endangered.
3. There are 91000 animal species, representing about 6.5%of worlds fauna . These include 60,000 insect species ,
2,456 fish species,1230 bird species, 372 mammals , over 440 reptiles and 200 amphibians with largest
concentration in Western Ghats and 500 molluscs.
4. Livestock diversity is high. There are 400 breeds of sheep , 27 of cattle and 22 of goats found in India.
5. It has a globally important populations of some of Asia’s rarest animals such as Bengal fox, Asiatic Cheetah ,
Marbled Cat , Asiatic Lion, Indian elephant, Indian rhinoceros, Wild Asiatic water buffalo etc.
• Red data book of India : Red data book of India includes the conservation status of animals and plants which are
endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
 Convention or Preventions of
The Convention on Biological Diversity Biodiversity
(CBD) is the international legal instrument for "the conservation of biological
diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the
utilization of genetic resources" that has been ratified by 196 nations . Its overall objective is to encourage actions,
which will lead to a sustainable future. Here are a few ways to preserve the biodiversity
• Support local farms
Regularly buying from small local farmers at stands or markets helps to keep dollars in the local
economy and supports agricultural efforts to conserve biodiversity. When at markets, it is important to
know the lingo—’organic’ is ideal for you and for the planet
• Save the bees!
Bees are important to preserving biodiversity – and they are increasingly under attack from varroa
•mites.
Plant local flowers, fruits and vegetables.
Research the flora, fruits and veggies native to your area, and plant a variety in your backyard or a
hanging garden. showers!
• Take shorter
Biodiversity depends on the abundance of local fresh water. Taking five-minute showers and turning
the water off while washing your hands, doing the dishes, or brushing your teeth are all easy ways to
conserve water
• Respect local habitats.
Plants growing in the parks and nature preserves near you often play an important role in preserving
the local ecosystem
 Conclusions
The need for conservation of biodiversity has been stressed upon numerous times as it is of utmost importance for
the survival of the mankind and other living beings on Earth. In addition to emphasizing upon the importance and
need to protect and conserve biodiversity, it is essential to share the methods to conserve it.

The government must also keep a tab on the human activities that are causing a decline in the biodiversity. Strict
action must be taken against individuals, groups and organizations indulging in these.
Conservation of biodiversity is of utmost importance. We must all make efforts to conserve biodiversity rather than
contributing towards its decline.

Bibliography
• https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/what-is-biodiversity#:~:text=Biodiversity%20is%20all%20the%20different,maintain%20b
lance%20and%20support%20life
.
• https://sustainability.yale.edu/blog/6-ways-preserve-biodiversity
• https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/projects/biodiversity/how-can-you-protect-biodiversity/
• https://onetreeplanted.org/blogs/stories/conserving-biodiversity
• https://greentumble.com/10-ways-to-conserve-biodiversity
•