Differentiation

Differentiation
9709 Pure Mathematics 3

Product Rule
• Functions in Pure 3 are now more complex than they
were in Pure 1.
• For example:
• It is possible to find the derivative of this function by

expanding it.
Product Rule
• But what if we have a function that looks like this:
• You can expand both of the binomial terms by using

the binomial theorem but it will be very long.
• This is where the basis for the product rule comes in.
• You will have to treat this functions as if two different
functions are multiplied with one another.
 Hence the name product rule
Product Rule
• Think of the function like:
• So, let:
Product Rule
• The product rule states that:
• The proof of this rule is in page 82 if you want to see

how it works. But how to use is more important that
how it works for now.
Product Rule
• The product rule states that:
• So, let:


Product Rule
• Now the derivative is:
• To simplify:
Try These
• Ex. 4A (pg. 83):
1
2
4
6
Quotient Rule
• What if we have a function that looks like this?
• We can technically make it in product form, .

Quotient Rule
• Note: It is often that you do not need to expand the

denominator, you may expand the numerator though.
Quotient Rule
• Quotient rule states that:

Quotient Rule
• So, some functions are more efficient using the

quotient rule.
Try These
• Ex. 4B (pg. 87):
1
6
8
Derivatives of Exponential
Functions
• The natural exponent function
• has a special property where its gradient function

and itself is the same, i.e.:
• To prove this, a demonstration using limits can be

found in page 88 if you would like to learn more
about it.
Functions
• But consider the power of the exponential function
to be an arbitrary function.
• To find its derivative, let:



Functions
• To find its derivative, let:



• Using the chain rule:

Functions

Functions
• For example, find the derivative of:
 First, find the derivative of the power.
 Then multiply it with the given function.

Try These
• Ex. 4C (pg. 90):
1
4
6
9
The Derivative of Natural
Logarithm Functions
• Recall that a natural logarithm function looks like:
• Also recall that:

 If , then
 If , then
• With this information let’s investigate the derivative

of .
Logarithm Functions
• Let’s investigate the derivative of .
• Recall that a natural logarithm function looks like:
Differentiate both sides

Logarithm Functions
• Now consider
• Let:
 , then
 , then

Logarithm Functions
• Now consider
• Let:
 , then
 , then

Logarithm Functions
• For example, find the derivatives of:
Try These
• Ex. 4D (pg. 94):
1
3
 10
 11
The Derivatives of Trigonometric
Functions
• Now let’s have the trigonometric functions:
• Derivatives of sine and cosine functions can only be

proven by limits, as shown on page 95.
• Note: All angles in calculus are in radians, unless
stated otherwise in the question.
Functions
Functions
• Using the same method for cosine:
Functions
• As for the derivative of , recall that:
• Using the quotient rule:

Functions
• As for the derivative of , recall that:
• Using the quotient rule:

Functions
• What if the angle of the trigo. function is a function?
• For example:
• Let:
 , then
 , then
Functions
• What if the angle of the trigo. function is a function?
• For example:
• You can think of it as “differentiate function,

differentiate the angle, then multiply”
Functions
• For example, find the derivative of .
Functions
• For example, find the derivative of .
• Let:
Try These
Ex. 4E (pg. 98):
 For the two left columns:
1
2
3
4
Implicit Differentiation
• So far, we have been doing differentiation of .
 This is known as explicit differentiation since is given
explicitly (outside of) in terms of .
• So what if you want to find the gradient of a circle
which an example of its equation would look like.
• Implicit differentiation is used to find derivatives of

functions where you CANNOT make it in terms of
only, or it is easier to find it implicitly than explicitly.
 For the equation above, why you cannot use its explicit
form to find differentiation?
• So, let’s find the gradient of the circle:
• Now differentiate both sides:

 Note: every time is differentiated, replace it with .
 Note to the note: this only works if we have two variables, if
we have more variables, the method is slightly different.
• So, let’s find the gradient of the circle:
• Now make as the subject:

• Another example, find for
 LHS:
 RHS:
• Another example, find for
 Now we put both sides together.
 Make as the subject.

Try These
• Ex. 4F (pg. 102):
2
5
6
9
Parametric Differentiation
• Let’s have an object that moves around on a plane.
 This means that the object moves in two dimensions,
and .
 And if the object is moving around, that means its position
of and/or changes over time.
• This object’s position can be modelled as:
• In this case, the variable is the parameter.

Differentiation that involves parameters is known as
parametric differentiation.
• So, let’s find the of the model and the tangent of
the curve where .
• First, find the derivatives for each variable.

• So, let’s find the of the model and the tangent of
the curve where .
• Then, use chain rule to find .

• Now to find the tangent line, we would need the
gradient and the coordinates.
 We currently have neither, but we have the parameter
to find them, which is .
 Gradient:
 -coordinate:
 -coordinate:
• Now that we have the gradient and the coordinates,
we can find the equation of the tangent.
Try These
• Ex. 4G (pg. 105):
1
3
6
7

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Differentiation

9709 Pure Mathematics 3

• It is possible to find the derivative of this function by

• You can expand both of the binomial terms by using

• Think of the function like:

• The product rule states that:

• The proof of this rule is in page 82 if you want to see

• The product rule states that:

• Now the derivative is:

• We can technically make it in product form, .

• Note: It is often that you do not need to expand the

• Quotient rule states that:

• So, some functions are more efficient using the

• has a special property where its gradient function

• To prove this, a demonstration using limits can be

• To find its derivative, let:

• To find its derivative, let:

• Using the chain rule:

• Using the chain rule:

 First, find the derivative of the power.

 Then multiply it with the given function.

• Also recall that:

• With this information let’s investigate the derivative

Differentiate both sides

• Using the chain rule:

• Using the chain rule:

• Derivatives of sine and cosine functions can only be

• Using the quotient rule:

• Using the quotient rule:

• Using the chain rule:

• You can think of it as “differentiate function,

• Implicit differentiation is used to find derivatives of

• Now differentiate both sides:

• Now make as the subject:

 Make as the subject.

• In this case, the variable is the parameter.

• First, find the derivatives for each variable.

• Then, use chain rule to find .

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