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Chapter 1 Introduction

The document outlines the structure and guidelines for writing the introduction of a research manuscript, emphasizing the importance of capturing the reader's interest and justifying the study's significance. It details the components of the introduction, including the review of related literature, theoretical and conceptual frameworks, statements of the problem, and the significance of the study. Additionally, it provides guidance on formulating research questions and hypotheses, as well as defining key terms used in the research.

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4 views

Chapter 1 Introduction

The document outlines the structure and guidelines for writing the introduction of a research manuscript, emphasizing the importance of capturing the reader's interest and justifying the study's significance. It details the components of the introduction, including the review of related literature, theoretical and conceptual frameworks, statements of the problem, and the significance of the study. Additionally, it provides guidance on formulating research questions and hypotheses, as well as defining key terms used in the research.

Uploaded by

munificenceshop
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
• The introductory chapter of the manuscript starts with general
ideas or statements that would establish one’s topic .

• Pertinent information about the phenomenon being investigated


are presented here, which includes describing a group of
people (e.g. gender, age, race), places, events, or objects .
INTRODUCTION
• The introduction should give the reader a clear idea of the
central issues about the topic and a brief foreword why the topic
of interest or research problem is worth studying or publishing.

• In other words, the introduction begins with the overview of the


study. The motivation for studying the problem is also
discussed. In the first few paragraphs or pages (2 to 3), ensure
that you capture your readers' attention.
Guides in Writing the Introduction
Some guide questions that can help in writing the
introduction:
• What theoretical and/or practical situations moved you to be
interested about this study?

• Aside from personal interests, what is the significance of the


study? Is it timely? Is it a current issue in society? Is it
innovative? Will it give the reader an “AHA!” moment?
Guides in Writing the Introduction

• What have prior studies already discovered about the problem


or phenomenon and how does the study relate to and extend
the previous work?
• It is very important to describe the topic being studied to be
easily understood in a manner that is sufficient for an audience
who are not experts in your field of study.
Guides in Writing the
Introduction
• The goal is to capture the interest of the reader, describe the
problem in broad strokes and justify its study.

• In writing the introduction, one may want to cite two or more


similar studies that had been conducted in order to justify one’s
arguments. Opinions from experts can also be cited in support
the discussion.
Structure in Writing the
Introduction
Introductory
paragraph/s Broad/General statements that introduce the topic.

The succeeding paragraphs narrows from broad statements


Middle towards the main points of the research. 1st Paragraph –
Paragraphs main point followed by supporting points and
Next Paragraphs – main point followed by supporting points.

Concluding Final paragraphs tie in all important main points and ends
remarks with the major purpose or objective of the study.
Structure in Writing the
Introduction
Manuscripts and other journal articles usually have Introductions
that are continuous rather than composed of subsections
depending on the target journal (for example, the Review of
Literature together with other sections that are relevant BUT
tangential to the manuscript is placed in the appendix). Consult
one’s adviser on what subsections are appropriate for this
chapter. Subsections usually include the Review of Literature,
Theoretical or Conceptual Framework, Statements of the
Problem, and Hypotheses (if applicable).
Review of Related Literature
The review of related literature needs to proceed
logically justifying the current study and the reason/s
for using the theoretical approach/framework.
Organize chapter 1 by linking past studies to the
current problem. For example, one can identify the
points for improvement in past studies and make an
argument that the current study will address these
issues.
Review of Related Literature
Previous research or studies relevant to one’s topic
are included in this section by discussing and
describing pertinent findings, issues of methodology
and conclusions. Inconsistencies, connections, and
themes in prior studies are also included.
Review of Related Literature
• Keep in mind that one seeks to provide enough
literature to justify the topic, the theory to be used
and what came about in proposing the conceptual
framework, the research problem and hypotheses.
• There is no need to classify studies based on
publication (foreign vs. local, journals, magazines,
etc.).
Review of Related Literature

• Again, beef-up primary sources (journal articles) because they


are given more importance than secondary ones (books,
magazines and the like).
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

• This section should define the research’s theoretical and


conceptual frame.
• One needs to discuss and explain the theory that is most applicable
to the present study.
• Usually, the first part of this subsection offers an explanation of a
theory.
• The next part would be a presentation of a conceptual framework.
The conceptual framework may be an adaptation of the model used
in previous studies but with some modifications to fit the current
study.
Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework

• For qualitative research, theoretical frameworks are not necessary,


but it is always crucial to have a conceptual framework.

• Without a conceptual framework, it would be difficult for the readers


to understand the phenomena being studied, how the variables are
related and how the research would be conducted.
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

• The theoretical framework provides a general representation of


relationships between variables in a given phenomenon.

• The theoretical framework is based on time-tested theories that


show the findings of numerous investigations on how the
phenomena occur.

• One can find these frameworks in journal articles and also in many
tests or research instruments.
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
• The conceptual framework displays the specific direction on how
the research will be conducted.
• In other words, a conceptual framework is the researcher’s idea on
how the research problem or the phenomenon will have to be
explored.
• This is patterned based on the theoretical framework (if available)
or from the literature review.
Theoretical and Conceptual
Framework

• The conceptual framework describes the relationship between


specific variables identified in the study. It also outlines the
Input, Process and Output of the whole investigation. The
conceptual framework is also sometimes called the research
paradigm (if using IPO).
Statements of the Problem
It presents the specific questions that the researcher would like to be
answered or addressed. Use ‘Research Problem’ for purely
quantitative research design and use ‘Research Question’ for
qualitative, mixed and multi-method research desi gns.
Statements of the Problem

The problems and questions should have these characteristics:


• It should be phrased in a form of a question;
• The question should suggest a relationship between variables
to be examined (unless the study is exploratory or descriptive);
• The research question should imply the possibility of being
tested empirically.
Statements of the Problem

• The third characteristic also implies that each question should


be measurable and that the data gathered can be subject to
statistical analyses (quantitative research).
Hypothesis (if applicable)
• This section is necessary ONLY IF a particular
theory/framework/premise is being tested.

• Hypotheses should be logically derived from theoretical/ conceptual


subsections (previous research and framework). The hypothesis
statement contains the predicted relationship among the variables.
Stating the null hypothesis is not necessary.
Statements of the Problem (Example)

The study wants to determine age differences in the


level of social media political participation among Filipinos.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?
2. What is the level of the social media political
participation of the respondents?
3. Is there a significant difference between Filipino
adolescents and adults in their level of social media
political participation?
Statements of the Problem (Example)
Hypothesis
There is a significant difference Filipino
adolescents and adults in their level of social media
political participation.
Significance of the Study
• This subsection contains the theoretical and practical reasons why
the research is being conducted.

• This part discusses the importance of the study in terms of the


benefits that the findings of one’s research can offer to specific
individuals, institutions, organizations and other entities.
Significance of the Study
• This subsection also emphasizes how the study can contribute
in the development of the field of public administration,
psychology, education, communication art, business, etc
(academically/theoretically or in practice).

• This section emphasizes the practicability, necessity and


benefits of conducting the research
Definition of Terms
This subsection contains the significant terminologies used in the
study that are define operationally (how you use them in the study).

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