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    Lec9 2003

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    cass
    Op-amp is connected to positive and negative voltage supplies which set rails. Current can flow out of / into amplifier output!

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    Lec9 2003

    Uploaded by

    cass
    48 views10 pages
    Op-amp is connected to positive and negative voltage supplies which set rails. Current can flow out of / into amplifier output!

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    Op-amp is connected to positive and negative voltage supplies which set rails. Current can flow out of / into amplifier output!

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    48 views10 pages

    Lec9 2003

    Uploaded by

    cass
    Op-amp is connected to positive and negative voltage supplies which set rails. Current can flow out of / into amplifier output!

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 10

    EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 9

    Copyright Regents of the University of California

    S. Ross and W. G. Oldham

    DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER
    Differential Amplifier V+ V + A V0 Ri

    V0 = A( V+ V )

    Circuit Model in linear region + V1 AV1 + Ro + V0

    Differential

    V0 depends only on difference (V+ V-)


    V0

    The output cannot be larger than the supply voltages, which are not shown. It will limit or clip if we attempt to go too far. We call the limits of the output Slope is A the rails.

    upper rail
    V+ V

    lower rail

    Can add negative feedback to perform an operation on input voltages (addition, integration, etc.): operational amplifier

    EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 9

    Copyright Regents of the University of California

    S. Ross and W. G. Oldham

    AMPLIFIER ANALYSIS USING CIRCUIT MODEL To analyze an amplifier circuit, you can replace the amplifier with the circuit model, then make sure the output is within rails. Example: Voltage Follower
    VIN

    Circuit Model in linear region

    Ri VIN

    V1

    AV1

    Ro

    V0

    A Ri + R o Vo = VIN ( A + 1) Ri + Ro

    V0

    Vo AV1 V1 = Ro Ri V1 = VIN Vo

    EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 9

    Copyright Regents of the University of California

    S. Ross and W. G. Oldham

    ANALYZING OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS: IDEAL ASSUMPTIONS For easier, approximate analysis of op-amp circuits: Rule 1: Assume A = Since Vo finite (limited by rails), Vp-Vn = 0 Rule 2: Assume Ri = No current flows into or out of input (+ and -) terminals Rule 3: Assume Ro = 0 But current can come out of/into amplifier output!

    EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 9

    Copyright Regents of the University of California

    S. Ross and W. G. Oldham

    OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER: HOW DOES IT DO THAT? Remember: current can flow out of/into op-amp output How? Op-amp is actually connected to positive and negative voltage supplies which set rails and deliver power to output load (via this output current) Utility of Voltage-Follower: If input voltage source cannot provide much power (current), VIN use voltage follower at output to drive a high power load

    V0

    EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 9

    Copyright Regents of the University of California

    S. Ross and W. G. Oldham

    ANALYZING AN OP-AMP: TIPS

    Step 1: KVL around input loop (involves Vin and op-amp inputs) Use Rule 1: Vp-Vn = 0 Step 2: Find the current in the feedback path Use Rule 2: No current into/out of op-amp inputs Step 3: KVL around output loop (involves Vo and feedback path) Remember current can flow in/out op-amp output

    EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 9

    Copyright Regents of the University of California

    S. Ross and W. G. Oldham

    EXAMPLE: INVERTING AMPLIFIER Feedback Path


    VIN R1 R2 + V0

    Input Loop

    Output Loop

    R2 Vo = VIN R1

    EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 9

    Copyright Regents of the University of California

    S. Ross and W. G. Oldham

    ANOTHER EXAMPLE INVERTING SUMMING AMPLIFIER


    R1 V1 V2 V3 R2 RF

    R3

    V0

    RF RF RF V0 = V1 V2 V3 R1 R2 R3

    EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 9

    Copyright Regents of the University of California

    S. Ross and W. G. Oldham

    IMPORTANT POINTS The amplifier output voltage does not depend on the load (what is attached to the output). The form of the output voltage (the signs of the scaling factors on the input voltages, for example) depends on the amplifier circuit layout. To change the values (magnitudes) of scaling factors, adjust resistor values. Input voltages which are attached to the + (non-inverting) amplifier terminal get positive scaling factors. Inputs attached to the (inverting) terminal get negative scaling factors. You can use these last two principles to design amplifiers which perform a particular function on the input voltages.

    EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 9

    Copyright Regents of the University of California

    S. Ross and W. G. Oldham

    NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIER

    R2 R1 VIN Vo

    R2 VIN Vo = 1 + R1

    EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 9

    Copyright Regents of the University of California

    S. Ross and W. G. Oldham

    INTEGRATING AMPLIFIER C VIN R


    +

    V0

    1 Vo ( t ) = VIN (T )dT + VC (0) RC 0

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