Introduction to Sets and Set Operations. The presentation include contents of a KWLH Chart, Essential Questions, and Self-Assessment Questions. With exploration and formative assessments.
Know the basics on sets such as the methods of writing sets, the cardinality of a set, null and universal sets, equal and equivalents sets, and many more.
This document defines and describes several key concepts in set theory:
1. A set is a collection of well-defined objects that can be clearly distinguished from one another. Examples of sets include the set of natural numbers from 1 to 50.
2. Sets can be described using either the roster method, which lists the elements within curly brackets, or the set-builder method, which defines a property for the elements.
3. Types of sets include the empty set, singleton sets containing one element, finite sets that can be counted, infinite sets that cannot be counted, equivalent sets with the same number of elements, and subsets where all elements of one set are contained within another set.
The document discusses sets, relations, and functions. It begins by providing examples of well-defined and not well-defined collections to introduce the concept of a set. A set is defined as a collection of well-defined objects. Standard notations for sets are introduced. Sets can be represented using a roster method by listing elements or a set-builder form using a common property. Sets are classified as finite or infinite based on the number of elements, and other set types like the empty set and singleton set are defined. Equal, equivalent, and disjoint sets are also defined.
The document defines and provides examples of different set operations:
1) Universal sets are sets that contain all other sets as subsets. The universal set of countries would be all countries.
2) Complements of a set are elements that are in the universal set but not in the given set. The complement of letters in "crush" would be other letters.
3) Unions of sets contain all unique elements of the sets combined. The union of sets {1,2,3} and {2,4} is {1,2,3,4}.
4) Intersections of sets contain only elements common to both sets. The intersection of sets {1,2,3} and {
This document defines and describes various types of sets and set operations. It defines sets such as the set of natural numbers N, integers Z, rational numbers Q, and real numbers R. It describes how sets can be defined using roster form or set-builder form. It also defines finite and infinite sets, empty sets, subsets, power sets, unions, intersections, complements, Cartesian products, Venn diagrams, and De Morgan's laws for set operations.
This document introduces some basic concepts in set theory. It defines a set as a structure representing an unordered collection of distinct objects. Set theory deals with operations on sets such as union, intersection, difference and relations between sets. It provides notations for sets and examples of basic properties of sets like equality, subsets, empty sets and infinite sets. The document also introduces concepts like cardinality, power sets, Cartesian products and Venn diagrams to represent relationships between sets.
This document introduces basic concepts of set theory, including definitions of sets, elements, and notations. It describes ways to describe sets through listing elements, verbal descriptions, or mathematical rules. Special sets like the null set and universal set are introduced. Key concepts of subsets, proper subsets, set operations like union and intersection, complements, differences and examples are explained. Venn diagrams are presented as a visual way to represent sets and relationships. The document concludes with some example test questions.
1) The document defines basic set terminology including sets, elements, subsets, finite and infinite sets, empty sets, equivalent sets, equal sets, and the universal set.
2) It provides an example of a situation where 80 students brought sandwiches, drinks, and canned goods to an outing, with various numbers of students bringing each item.
3) The key question is how many students did not bring any of the 3 kinds of items (sandwiches, drinks, canned goods).
- The document discusses sets and set notation. It defines basic set concepts like elements, membership using the symbols ∈ and ∉, and cardinality.
- It provides examples of sets defined using the roster method by listing elements within curly braces, and asks questions about element membership and cardinality.
- Additional methods for defining sets are described, including using a rule or property that elements satisfy, and providing a description of the set's elements.
Sections Included:
1. Collection
2. Types of Collection
3. Sets
4. Commonly used Sets in Maths
5. Notation
6. Different Types of Sets
7. Venn Diagram
8. Operation on sets
9. Properties of Union of Sets
10. Properties of Intersection of Sets
11. Difference in Sets
12. Complement of Sets
13. Properties of Complement Sets
14. De Morgan’s Law
15. Inclusion Exclusion Principle
A set is a collection of distinct objects called elements or members. A set can be defined using a roster method that lists the elements within curly brackets, or a rule method that describes a characteristic property that determines the elements. The cardinality of a set refers to the number of elements it contains, and can be finite or infinite.
This document discusses sets, functions, and relations. It begins by defining key terms related to sets such as elements, subsets, operations on sets using union, intersection, difference and complement. It then discusses relations and functions, defining a relation as a set of ordered pairs where the elements are related based on a given condition. Functions are introduced as a special type of relation where each element of the domain has a single element in the range. The document aims to help students understand and use the properties and notations of sets, functions, and relations, and appreciate their importance in real-life situations.
This document defines basic set theory concepts including sets, elements, notation for sets, subsets, unions, intersections, and empty sets. It provides examples and notation for these concepts. Sets are collections of objects, represented with capital letters, while elements are individual objects represented with lowercase letters. Notation includes braces { } to list elements and vertical bars for set builder notation. A is a subset of B if all elements of A are also in B, written as A ⊆ B. The union of sets A and B contains all elements that are in A or B, written as A ∪ B. The intersection of sets A and B contains elements that are only in both A and B, written as A ∩ B.
The document defines and provides examples of different types of sets:
1. Empty/null sets contain no elements. Singleton sets contain only one element. Finite sets contain a finite number of elements, while infinite sets are not finite.
2. Subsets contain elements of another set. Proper subsets are subsets that are not equal to the original set. Power sets are the set of all subsets of a given set.
3. Examples are given of empty, singleton, finite, infinite, equivalent, equal, subset, and proper subset sets. Cardinal numbers represent the number of elements in a set.
This document provides an overview of basic set theory concepts including defining and representing sets, the number of elements in a set, comparing sets, subsets, and operations on sets including union and intersection. Key points covered are defining a set as a collection of well-defined objects, representing sets using listing, defining properties, or Venn diagrams, defining the cardinal number of a set as the number of elements it contains, comparing sets as equal or equivalent based on elements, defining subsets as sets contained within other sets, and defining union as the set of elements in either set and intersection as the set of elements common to both sets.
A set is a collection of distinct objects called elements or members. Sets can be represented symbolically using capital letters and elements using lowercase letters. Common operations on sets include union, intersection, and complement. These operations satisfy various algebraic laws such as commutative, associative, distributive, identity, involution, and De Morgan's laws. Sets are fundamental data structures in computer science and are commonly represented visually using Venn diagrams.
Introduction to Sets and Set Operations. The presentation include contents of a KWLH Chart, Essential Questions, and Self-Assessment Questions. With exploration and formative assessments.
Know the basics on sets such as the methods of writing sets, the cardinality of a set, null and universal sets, equal and equivalents sets, and many more.
This document defines and describes several key concepts in set theory:
1. A set is a collection of well-defined objects that can be clearly distinguished from one another. Examples of sets include the set of natural numbers from 1 to 50.
2. Sets can be described using either the roster method, which lists the elements within curly brackets, or the set-builder method, which defines a property for the elements.
3. Types of sets include the empty set, singleton sets containing one element, finite sets that can be counted, infinite sets that cannot be counted, equivalent sets with the same number of elements, and subsets where all elements of one set are contained within another set.
The document discusses sets, relations, and functions. It begins by providing examples of well-defined and not well-defined collections to introduce the concept of a set. A set is defined as a collection of well-defined objects. Standard notations for sets are introduced. Sets can be represented using a roster method by listing elements or a set-builder form using a common property. Sets are classified as finite or infinite based on the number of elements, and other set types like the empty set and singleton set are defined. Equal, equivalent, and disjoint sets are also defined.
The document defines and provides examples of different set operations:
1) Universal sets are sets that contain all other sets as subsets. The universal set of countries would be all countries.
2) Complements of a set are elements that are in the universal set but not in the given set. The complement of letters in "crush" would be other letters.
3) Unions of sets contain all unique elements of the sets combined. The union of sets {1,2,3} and {2,4} is {1,2,3,4}.
4) Intersections of sets contain only elements common to both sets. The intersection of sets {1,2,3} and {
This document defines and describes various types of sets and set operations. It defines sets such as the set of natural numbers N, integers Z, rational numbers Q, and real numbers R. It describes how sets can be defined using roster form or set-builder form. It also defines finite and infinite sets, empty sets, subsets, power sets, unions, intersections, complements, Cartesian products, Venn diagrams, and De Morgan's laws for set operations.
This document introduces some basic concepts in set theory. It defines a set as a structure representing an unordered collection of distinct objects. Set theory deals with operations on sets such as union, intersection, difference and relations between sets. It provides notations for sets and examples of basic properties of sets like equality, subsets, empty sets and infinite sets. The document also introduces concepts like cardinality, power sets, Cartesian products and Venn diagrams to represent relationships between sets.
This document introduces basic concepts of set theory, including definitions of sets, elements, and notations. It describes ways to describe sets through listing elements, verbal descriptions, or mathematical rules. Special sets like the null set and universal set are introduced. Key concepts of subsets, proper subsets, set operations like union and intersection, complements, differences and examples are explained. Venn diagrams are presented as a visual way to represent sets and relationships. The document concludes with some example test questions.
1) The document defines basic set terminology including sets, elements, subsets, finite and infinite sets, empty sets, equivalent sets, equal sets, and the universal set.
2) It provides an example of a situation where 80 students brought sandwiches, drinks, and canned goods to an outing, with various numbers of students bringing each item.
3) The key question is how many students did not bring any of the 3 kinds of items (sandwiches, drinks, canned goods).
- The document discusses sets and set notation. It defines basic set concepts like elements, membership using the symbols ∈ and ∉, and cardinality.
- It provides examples of sets defined using the roster method by listing elements within curly braces, and asks questions about element membership and cardinality.
- Additional methods for defining sets are described, including using a rule or property that elements satisfy, and providing a description of the set's elements.
Sections Included:
1. Collection
2. Types of Collection
3. Sets
4. Commonly used Sets in Maths
5. Notation
6. Different Types of Sets
7. Venn Diagram
8. Operation on sets
9. Properties of Union of Sets
10. Properties of Intersection of Sets
11. Difference in Sets
12. Complement of Sets
13. Properties of Complement Sets
14. De Morgan’s Law
15. Inclusion Exclusion Principle
A set is a collection of distinct objects called elements or members. A set can be defined using a roster method that lists the elements within curly brackets, or a rule method that describes a characteristic property that determines the elements. The cardinality of a set refers to the number of elements it contains, and can be finite or infinite.
This document discusses sets, functions, and relations. It begins by defining key terms related to sets such as elements, subsets, operations on sets using union, intersection, difference and complement. It then discusses relations and functions, defining a relation as a set of ordered pairs where the elements are related based on a given condition. Functions are introduced as a special type of relation where each element of the domain has a single element in the range. The document aims to help students understand and use the properties and notations of sets, functions, and relations, and appreciate their importance in real-life situations.
This document defines basic set theory concepts including sets, elements, notation for sets, subsets, unions, intersections, and empty sets. It provides examples and notation for these concepts. Sets are collections of objects, represented with capital letters, while elements are individual objects represented with lowercase letters. Notation includes braces { } to list elements and vertical bars for set builder notation. A is a subset of B if all elements of A are also in B, written as A ⊆ B. The union of sets A and B contains all elements that are in A or B, written as A ∪ B. The intersection of sets A and B contains elements that are only in both A and B, written as A ∩ B.
1. Set theory deals with operations between, relations among, and statements about sets.
2. A set is an unordered collection of distinct objects that can be defined by listing its elements or using set-builder notation.
3. Basic set operations include union, intersection, difference, and complement. The union of sets A and B contains all elements that are in A, B, or both. The intersection contains all elements that are in both A and B.
The document discusses basic concepts in set theory, including defining sets using tabulation and set-builder forms, operations on sets like union and intersection, and classifications of sets as finite or infinite. Key concepts covered are subsets, the empty or null set, equal sets, and forms of sets including tabulation which lists elements and set-builder which defines a set using properties.
The document defines basic set theory concepts including:
- A set is a collection of distinct objects called elements.
- Sets can be represented using curly brackets or set builder notation.
- The empty set, subsets, proper subsets, unions, intersections and complements are defined.
- Cardinality refers to the number of elements in a finite set.
- Power sets are the set of all subsets of a given set.
Discrete mathematics for diploma studentsZubair Khan
This document discusses sets and set operations. It defines what a set is and how elements of sets are denoted. It describes ways to represent sets, such as listing elements or using set-builder notation. It discusses operations on sets like union, intersection, difference, and complement. It provides examples of applying these set concepts and operations. Exercises are included for the reader to practice working with sets.
This document provides an overview of basic discrete mathematical structures including sets, functions, sequences, sums, and matrices. It begins by defining a set as an unordered collection of elements and describes various ways to represent sets, such as listing elements or using set-builder notation. It then discusses operations on sets like unions, intersections, complements, and Cartesian products. Finally, it introduces functions as assignments of elements from one set to another. The document serves as an introduction to fundamental discrete structures used throughout mathematics.
The document provides information about sets including:
1) Sets can be finite, infinite, empty, or singleton and are represented using curly brackets. Common set operations are union, intersection, and complement.
2) A set's cardinality refers to the number of elements it contains. Subsets are sets contained within other sets.
3) Examples are given of representing sets using roster and set-builder methods and performing set operations like union, intersection, and complement on sample sets.
4) Basic properties of sets like idempotent, commutative, and associative laws for simplifying set expressions are outlined.
Set and Set operations, UITM KPPIM DUNGUNbaberexha
This document defines sets and common set operations such as union, intersection, difference, complement, Cartesian product, and cardinality. It begins by defining a set as a collection of distinct objects and provides examples of sets. It then discusses ways to represent and visualize sets using listings, set-builder notation, Venn diagrams, and properties of subsets, supersets, equal sets, disjoint sets, and infinite sets. The document concludes by defining common set operations and identities using membership tables and examples.
A set is an unordered collection of objects called elements. A set contains its elements. Sets can be finite or infinite. Common ways to describe a set include listing elements between curly braces or using a set builder notation. The cardinality of a set refers to the number of elements it contains. Power sets contain all possible subsets of a given set. Cartesian products combine elements of sets into ordered pairs. Common set operations include union, intersection, difference, and testing if sets are disjoint.
About sets , definition example, and some types of set. Explained the some operation of set like union of set and intersection of set with usual number example
The document discusses different types of sets and set operations. It defines infinite or uncountable sets as sets whose elements are uncountable and the last member is unknown. It describes overlapping or joint sets as sets that share at least one common element, and disjoint sets as sets with no elements in common. Set operations covered include union, intersection, difference, and complement. Union is the set of all elements that are in set A or B or both. Intersection is the set of common elements in both sets. Difference is the elements in set A that are not in set B. Complement is the elements not included in the original set when taking the difference from the universal set.
The document provides information about sets, relations, and functions in mathematics:
- A set is a collection of distinct objects, called elements or members. Sets are represented using curly brackets and elements are separated by commas. There are finite and infinite sets. Operations on sets include union, intersection, complement, difference, and power set.
- A relation from a set A to a set B is a subset of the Cartesian product A × B. The domain is the set of first elements in the relation and the range is the set of second elements.
- A function from a set A to a set B is a special type of relation where each element of A is mapped to exactly one element of B.
1. A set is a collection of distinct objects or elements that have some common property. Sets are represented using curly braces and capital letters. Elements within a set should not be repeated.
2. There are two main methods to define a set - the roster method which lists all elements, and the set builder method which describes the property defining membership.
3. There are several types of sets including finite sets with a set number of elements, infinite sets, singleton sets with one element, empty sets with no elements, equal sets with the same elements, and subsets which are sets within other sets.
This document discusses four basic concepts in mathematics: sets and operations on sets, relations, functions, and binary operations. It provides definitions and examples of key terms related to sets, including elements of a set, subsets, union, intersection, difference, complement, and Cartesian product. Operations on sets such as union, intersection, and difference are defined using set notation. Examples are given to illustrate concepts like subsets, equal sets, disjoint sets, and the Cartesian product.
The document defines and provides examples of key concepts in set theory, including:
- A set is a collection of distinct objects called elements or members. Sets can be represented verbally or visually using lists or set-builder notation.
- Two sets are equal if they contain the same elements. Operations on sets include union, intersection, complement, difference, and Cartesian product.
- A set is finite if its elements can be counted, and infinite if its elements cannot be counted or listed with certainty. Examples demonstrate determining if a set is finite or infinite.
Discrete Mathematics - Sets. ... He had defined a set as a collection of definite and distinguishable objects selected by the means of certain rules or description. Set theory forms the basis of several other fields of study like counting theory, relations, graph theory and finite state machines.
This slide help in the study of those students who are enrolled in BSCS BSC computer MSCS. In this slide introduction about discrete structure are explained. As soon as I upload my next lecture on proposition logic.
This document provides an overview of set theory concepts including:
- Sets, elements, and set operations like union, intersection, difference, and complement.
- Finite and countable sets versus infinite sets.
- Product sets involving ordered pairs from two sets.
- Classes of sets including the power set of a set, which contains all subsets.
A power point presentation on the topic SETS of class XI Mathematics. it includes all the brief knowledge on sets like their intoduction, defination, types of sets with very intersting graphics n presentation.
The document defines sets and provides examples of different types of sets. It discusses how sets can be defined using roster notation by listing elements within braces or using set-builder notation stating properties elements must have. Some key types of sets mentioned include the empty set, natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, and real numbers. Operations on sets like union, intersection, and difference are introduced along with examples. Subsets, Venn diagrams, and the power set are also covered.
The document defines and provides examples of different types of matrices, including:
- Square matrices, where the number of rows equals the number of columns.
- Rectangular matrices, where the number of rows does not equal the number of columns.
- Row matrices, with only one row.
- Column matrices, with only one column.
- Null or zero matrices, with all elements equal to zero.
- Diagonal matrices, with all elements equal to zero except those on the main diagonal.
The document also discusses transpose, adjoint, and addition of matrices.
The document discusses different types of number systems including real numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, integers, fractions, natural numbers, even numbers, and odd numbers. It defines these number systems and provides examples. It also outlines several key properties of real numbers including closure, identity, inverse, commutativity, associativity, and distributivity with regards to addition and multiplication. Finally, it presents several exercises involving identifying properties, finding inverses, and determining which number sets have certain properties like closure, identity, and inverse.
In detail and In very simple method That can any one understand.
If you read this all you doubts about function will be clear.
because i have used very simple example and simple English words that you can pick quickly concept about functions.
#inshallah.
The document discusses different network topologies including bus, ring, star, mesh, and their key features. A bus topology connects all devices to a single cable, while a ring topology connects devices in a circular path. A star topology connects all devices to a central hub. A mesh topology connects each device to most other devices. Different topologies have advantages and disadvantages related to performance, scalability, fault tolerance and cost.
This document provides an overview of atmospheric pollution and the structure and composition of the atmosphere. It discusses the different sources of air pollution, including mobile, stationary, area, and natural sources. It then describes the layers of the atmosphere from troposphere to exosphere, including details on temperature and pressure profiles. Key components like the ozone layer and ionosphere are explained. Processes such as photosynthesis, photolysis, and photoionization are also summarized.
Sedimentary rocks form from the compaction and cementation of sediments. There are three main types: detrital (clastic) rocks that form from lithified rock fragments and minerals, chemical rocks that precipitate directly from solution, and organic rocks that accumulate from biological debris. Sedimentary rocks provide clues about past environments and climates based on their composition, structures like cross-bedding and ripples, and any fossil content. Important resources like coal and oil are also found within sedimentary basins.
Metamorphic rocks are formed from pre-existing igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks through the process of metamorphism. Metamorphism involves changes to a rock's mineralogy, texture, and sometimes chemical composition due to changes in temperature, pressure, and exposure to chemically active fluids. The degree of metamorphism can range from slight changes resulting in low-grade metamorphic rocks like slate to more substantial changes producing high-grade metamorphic rocks. Common agents driving metamorphism include heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids.
This document discusses different types of rocks and how they form. It describes the three major rock types as igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, metamorphic rocks form from heat and pressure changing other rocks, and sedimentary rocks form from sediments. The document then discusses the rock cycle, how rocks are transformed between types through geological processes. It provides details on the formation of different igneous rock textures based on cooling rates and crystal sizes. Various igneous rock classifications including their mineralogy and chemistry are also summarized.
The document summarizes key concepts about tectonic plates and continental drift. It describes how tectonic plates consist of rigid continental and oceanic crust that moves due to convection currents in the underlying mantle. It outlines Alfred Wegener's early 20th century proposal of continental drift, which provided evidence that continents were once joined together before drifting apart. It also summarizes the three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where they move together, and transform boundaries where they slide past one another.
Volcanoes form at plate boundaries as molten rock, or magma, rises from below the Earth's crust. There are three main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes which erupt fluid basalt and form wide gentle slopes, composite volcanoes which contain trapped gases and alternate between explosive and effusive eruptions forming steep slopes, and cinder cone volcanoes which have short eruptions of explosive ash and form small, steep cones. Volcanic eruptions produce hazards like pyroclastic flows, lahars, ash falls, and different types of lava. While eruptions can be locally devastating, volcanoes also create new land and leave nutrient-rich soils after erupting.
This document summarizes the internal structure of Earth based on seismic wave studies. It describes the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is thinner under oceans than continents and consists of less dense granite and more dense basalt. There is a sharp boundary between the crust and mantle. The mantle is divided into upper and lower sections. The outer core is liquid while the inner core is solid. Plate tectonics involves rigid lithospheric plates floating on the mantle that move and interact at boundaries.
An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust along faults. The Earth has layers including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Plate tectonics involves the movement of plates in the mantle which can cause earthquakes at plate boundaries. Earthquakes produce seismic waves that are measured with seismographs. The location of the earthquake is found using three seismograph locations. Building damage depends on factors like magnitude, soil type, and building construction quality.
Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition and structure, the processes that act on it and the history of life it contains. Some of the key topics in geology are the layers within the Earth, different rock types, geological timescales, volcanoes, earthquakes, fossils, mountains, rivers, lakes, oceans, deserts and glaciers. Geology examines the formation and distribution of rocks, minerals, fossils and natural resources along with the natural hazards that can impact human civilization.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including their components, functions, and types. It discusses hardware such as the CPU, memory (both primary and secondary), input/output devices, and storage. It also covers software types including system software, utility software, and application software. Finally, it briefly outlines computer generations and types including desktops, laptops, and embedded systems.
The document defines what minerals are and provides details on how to identify them. A mineral must be 1) natural occurring, 2) inorganic, 3) solid, 4) have a definite crystal structure, and 5) have a definite chemical composition. Key physical properties used to identify minerals include color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, fracture, density, transparency, crystal form, and tenacity. Minerals can be identified by observing these various physical characteristics.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in geography. It begins by defining geography and its two main divisions: physical geography, which deals with natural environments, and human geography, which examines human-environment interactions. Physical geography includes the study of landforms (geomorphology), oceans (oceanography), climate (climatology), life (biogeography), and the environment. The document then discusses human geography topics like population, urban areas, agriculture, and culture. It also explains concepts like the rotation and revolution of the Earth, which cause seasons, and types of eclipses like lunar and solar eclipses. In the end, it briefly mentions time zones and how local times differ globally.
Chapter no 1 introduction. environmental chemistryAwais Bakshy
The document provides an introduction to environmental chemistry. It discusses the objectives of studying environmental chemistry and defines key terms like environment, environmental chemistry, and the components of the environment. It then covers various types of pollution like water, air, soil, noise, radioactive, and thermal pollution. It also discusses the impacts of modern lifestyle on environmental quality, including increased resource use, pollution, deforestation, and water degradation.
Geological time scale extinction. convertedAwais Bakshy
Extinction can occur at the population level, called local extinction, or at the species level, called true extinction. True extinction involves the loss of all populations of a species globally. Mass extinctions have occurred throughout history due to various causes like asteroid impacts, volcanic activity, climate change, and more recently, human activity. Currently most extinctions are caused by human interference with habitats and ecosystems. International organizations monitor extinction rates and endangered species to try and control further biodiversity loss.
Geologists have divided Earth's history into intervals of geologic time based on significant events. The largest divisions are eons, which are subdivided into eras, periods, and epochs. The Precambrian eon covers most of Earth's history and saw the emergence of life. The Phanerozoic eon began 540 million years ago and is divided into the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras, which are further subdivided and defined by important developments in life and changes in Earth's geology.
The membership Module in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Some business organizations give membership to their customers to ensure the long term relationship with those customers. If the customer is a member of the business then they get special offers and other benefits. The membership module in odoo 17 is helpful to manage everything related to the membership of multiple customers.
Is Email Marketing Really Effective In 2024?Rakesh Jalan
Slide 1
Is Email Marketing Really Effective in 2024?
Yes, Email Marketing is still a great method for direct marketing.
Slide 2
In this article we will cover:
- What is Email Marketing?
- Pros and cons of Email Marketing.
- Tools available for Email Marketing.
- Ways to make Email Marketing effective.
Slide 3
What Is Email Marketing?
Using email to contact customers is called Email Marketing. It's a quiet and effective communication method. Mastering it can significantly boost business. In digital marketing, two long-term assets are your website and your email list. Social media apps may change, but your website and email list remain constant.
Slide 4
Types of Email Marketing:
1. Welcome Emails
2. Information Emails
3. Transactional Emails
4. Newsletter Emails
5. Lead Nurturing Emails
6. Sponsorship Emails
7. Sales Letter Emails
8. Re-Engagement Emails
9. Brand Story Emails
10. Review Request Emails
Slide 5
Advantages Of Email Marketing
1. Cost-Effective: Cheaper than other methods.
2. Easy: Simple to learn and use.
3. Targeted Audience: Reach your exact audience.
4. Detailed Messages: Convey clear, detailed messages.
5. Non-Disturbing: Less intrusive than social media.
6. Non-Irritating: Customers are less likely to get annoyed.
7. Long Format: Use detailed text, photos, and videos.
8. Easy to Unsubscribe: Customers can easily opt out.
9. Easy Tracking: Track delivery, open rates, and clicks.
10. Professional: Seen as more professional; customers read carefully.
Slide 6
Disadvantages Of Email Marketing:
1. Irrelevant Emails: Costs can rise with irrelevant emails.
2. Poor Content: Boring emails can lead to disengagement.
3. Easy Unsubscribe: Customers can easily leave your list.
Slide 7
Email Marketing Tools
Choosing a good tool involves considering:
1. Deliverability: Email delivery rate.
2. Inbox Placement: Reaching inbox, not spam or promotions.
3. Ease of Use: Simplicity of use.
4. Cost: Affordability.
5. List Maintenance: Keeping the list clean.
6. Features: Regular features like Broadcast and Sequence.
7. Automation: Better with automation.
Slide 8
Top 5 Email Marketing Tools:
1. ConvertKit
2. Get Response
3. Mailchimp
4. Active Campaign
5. Aweber
Slide 9
Email Marketing Strategy
To get good results, consider:
1. Build your own list.
2. Never buy leads.
3. Respect your customers.
4. Always provide value.
5. Don’t email just to sell.
6. Write heartfelt emails.
7. Stick to a schedule.
8. Use photos and videos.
9. Segment your list.
10. Personalize emails.
11. Ensure mobile-friendliness.
12. Optimize timing.
13. Keep designs clean.
14. Remove cold leads.
Slide 10
Uses of Email Marketing:
1. Affiliate Marketing
2. Blogging
3. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
4. Newsletter Circulation
5. Transaction Notifications
6. Information Dissemination
7. Gathering Feedback
8. Selling Courses
9. Selling Products/Services
Read Full Article:
https://digitalsamaaj.com/is-email-marketing-effective-in-2024/
Beyond the Advance Presentation for By the Book 9John Rodzvilla
In June 2020, L.L. McKinney, a Black author of young adult novels, began the #publishingpaidme hashtag to create a discussion on how the publishing industry treats Black authors: “what they’re paid. What the marketing is. How the books are treated. How one Black book not reaching its parameters casts a shadow on all Black books and all Black authors, and that’s not the same for our white counterparts.” (Grady 2020) McKinney’s call resulted in an online discussion across 65,000 tweets between authors of all races and the creation of a Google spreadsheet that collected information on over 2,000 titles.
While the conversation was originally meant to discuss the ethical value of book publishing, it became an economic assessment by authors of how publishers treated authors of color and women authors without a full analysis of the data collected. This paper would present the data collected from relevant tweets and the Google database to show not only the range of advances among participating authors split out by their race, gender, sexual orientation and the genre of their work, but also the publishers’ treatment of their titles in terms of deal announcements and pre-pub attention in industry publications. The paper is based on a multi-year project of cleaning and evaluating the collected data to assess what it reveals about the habits and strategies of American publishers in acquiring and promoting titles from a diverse group of authors across the literary, non-fiction, children’s, mystery, romance, and SFF genres.
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2. Sets.
Set.
A set is a collection of well-defined and distinct objects.
Well-defined collection of distinct objects.
Well-defined is means a collection which is such that, given any object, we
may be able to decide whether object belongs to the collection or not.
Distinct objects means objects no two of which are identical (same)
Set is denoted by capital letters. A, B, C, D, E, etc.
Elements or members of set.
The objects in the set are called elements or members of set.
The elements or members of sets are In small letters.
3. Sets.
Representation of a set .
A set can be represented by three methods.
Descriptive Method.
A set can be described in words.
For Example.
The set of whole numbers.
Tabular Method.
A set can be described by listing its elements within brackets.
For example.
A={1, 2, 3, 4} B={3, 5, 7, 8,}
Set Builder Method.
A set can be described by using symbols and letters.
For example.
A={x/x ϵ N }
4. Sets.
Some Sets.
Integers.
Positive Integers + 0 (Zero) + Negative Integers.
Denoted By Capital Z.
Z= {0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ±4, ±5, ±6, ±7, …}
Negative Integers.
Denoted by 𝑍′
(Z Dash)
𝑍′
= {-1,-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, …}
Natural Numbers.
N ={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, …}
Whole Numbers.
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, …}
6. Sets.
Kinds of sets.
Finite Set.
A set in which all the members can be listed is called a finite set.
A set which has limited members.
For example.
A={1, 2,3,4,5,6} B={3,5,7,9} C={0,1,2,3,4,5,6} D={2,4,8,10}
Infinite Set.
In some cases it is impossible to list all the members of a set. Such sets are
called infinite sets.
A set which has unlimited members is called infinite set.
For example.
Z= {0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ±4, ±5, ±6, ±7, …}
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, …}
N ={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, …}
O ={1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, …}
7. Sets.
Subset.
When each member of set A is also a member of set B, then A is a subset of B.
It is denoted by A ⊆ B (A is subset of B)
For Example.
Let A={1, 2, 3,} B={1, 2, 3, 4,}
A ⊆ B and B ⊇ A
Types of subset.
There are two types of Subset.
Proper subset.
If A is subset of B and B contains at least one member which is not a member of
A, then A is Said to be proper subset of B.
It is Denoted by A ⊂ B ( A is proper subset of B).
For Example.
Let A={1, 2, 3,} B={1, 2, 3, 4,}
A ⊂ B
8. Sets.
Improper subset.
If A is subset of B and A=B, then we say that A is an improper subset of B . From
this definition it also follows that every set A is an improper subset of itself.
For example.
Let A={a, b, c} B={c, a, b} and C={a, b, c, d}
A ⊂ C , B ⊂ C But A=B and B=A
Equal Set.
Two sets A and B are equal i.e., A=B “iff” they have the same elements that’s is,
if and only if every element of each set is an element of the other set.
It is denoted by = (Equal) “iff”(if and only if)
For Example.
Let. A={1,2,3} B={2,1,3}
A=b
9. Sets.
Eqiulent set.
If the elements of two sets A and B can be paired in such a way that each element of A is paired
with one and only one element of B and vice versa, then such a pairing is called a one to one
correspondence “ between A and B”.
For example.
If A={Bilal, Yasir, Ashfaq} and B={Fatima, Ummara, Samina} then six different (1-1)
correspondence can be established between A and B. Two of these correspondence are given
below .
i. {Bilal, Yasir, Ashfaq}
{Fatima, Ummara, Samina}
i. ii. {Bilal, Yasir, Ashfaq}
{Fatima, Ummara, Samina}
10. Sets.
Two sets are said to be Eqiulent if (1-1) correspondence can be established
between them.
The symbol ~ is used to mean is equivalent to , Thus A~B.
Singleton Set.
A set having only one element is called a singleton.
For example.
A={5} B={8} C={0}
Empty Set and Null Set.
A set which contains no elements is called an empty set ( or null set).
An empty set is a subset of ant set.
It is denoted by { } , ∅
For example.
A={ } B={∅} C=∅
11. Sets.
Power set.
A set may contain elements, which are sets themselves. For example if: S= set of
classes of a certain school, then elements of C are sets themselves because each
class is a set of students.
The power set of set S denoted by P(S) is the set containing all the possible
subsets of S.
For Example.
A={1, 2, 3}, then
P(S)={∅,{1}, {2},{3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}, {1, 2, 3} }
The power set of the empty set is not empty.
2 𝑚 is formula for finding numbers elements in the power set.
Universal Set.
The set which contain all the members/elements in the discussion is known as
the universal set.
Denoted by U.
12. Sets.
Union of two sets.
The union of two sets A and B is denoted by A ∪ B (A union B), is the set of all
elements, which belongs to A or B.
Symbolically.
A ∪ B={x/x ∈ A ∨ x ∈ B }
For example.
If A={1,2} and B={7,8} then.
A ∪ B={1,2,7,8}
Intersection of Two sets.
The intersection of two set A and B is the of elements which are common to both
A and B.
It is denoted by A ∩ B (A intersection of B).
For Example.
If A={1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6} and B={2, 4, 8, 10} then,
A ∩ B={2, 4}
13. Sets.
Disjoint Set.
If the intersection of two sets is the empty set then the sets are said to be
disjoint sets.
For example.
If A= Set to odd numbers and B= set of even numbers , then A and B are disjoint
sets.
Overlapping Set.
If intersection to two sets is non empty set is called overlapping set.
For example.
If A={2,3,7,8} and B={3,5,7,9}, then
A ∩ B={3,7}
Complement of a Set.
Given the universal set U and a set A, then Complement of set A (denoted By 𝐴′
or 𝐴 𝑐
) is a set containing all the elements in U that are not in A.
Complement of a set = A+𝐴′
= U
14. Sets.
For example.
If U={2,3,5,7,11,13} and A={2,3,7,13} , then
𝐴′= U -A={5,7}
Difference two a set.
The difference set of two sets A and B denoted by A-B consists of all the
elements which belongs to A but do not belong to B.
The difference set of two sets B and A denoted by B-A consists of all the
elements which belongs to B but do not belong to A.
Symbolically.
A-B={x/x∈ A ∧ x ∉ B } and B-A={x/x∈ B ∧ x ∉ A }
15. Sets.
For example.
If A={1,2,3,4,5} and B={4,5,6,7,8,9,10} , then find A-B and B-A.
Solution.
A-B=?
A-B={1,2,3,4,5}-{4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
A-B={1,2,3}
B-A=?
B-A={4,5,6,7,8,9,10}-{1,2,3,4,5}
B-A={6,7,8,9,10}.
Note.
A-B≠B-A.
16. Sets.
Properties of Union and intersection.
Commutative property of union.
Example.
If A={1,2,3,4} and B={3,4,5,6,7,8} then prove A ∪ B =B ∪ A.
Solution.
L.H.S= A ∪ B
A ∪ B={1,2,3,4} ∪ {3,4,5,6,7,8}
A ∪ B={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
R.H.S= B ∪ A
B ∪ A={3,4,5,6,7,8} ∪ {1,2,3,4}
B ∪ A={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
Hence it is proved that A ∪ B =B ∪ A so it holds commutative property of union.
17. Sets.
Properties of Union and intersection.
Commutative property of intersection.
Example.
If A={1,3,4} and B={3,4,5,6,7,} then prove A ∩ B = B ∩ A.
Solution.
L.H.S= A ∩ B
A ∩ B ={1,3,4} ∪ {3,4,5,6,7}
A ∩ B ={3,4,}
R.H.S= B ∩ A
B ∩ A ={3,4,5,6,7} ∪ {1,3,4}
B ∩ A ={3,4}
Hence it is proved that A ∩ B = B ∩ A so it holds commutative property of
intersection.
18. Sets.
Associative property of union.
Example.
If A={1,2,3,4} , B={3,4,5,6,7,8} and C={7,8,9} then prove A ∪ ( B ∪ C)=(A ∪ B) ∪ C.
Solution.
L.H.S= A ∪ ( B ∪ C)
B ∪ C=?
B ∪ C ={3,4,5,6,7,8} ∪ {7,8,9}
B ∪ C ={3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
A ∪ ( B ∪ C)={1,2,3,4} ∪ {3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
A ∪ ( B ∪ C) ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8.9}
R.H.S=(A ∪ B) ∪ C
A ∪ B=?
A ∪ B={1,2,3,4} ∪ {3,4,5,6,7,8}
A ∪ B={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
(A ∪ B) ∪ C={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} ∪{7,8,9}
(A ∪ B) ∪ C={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
Hence it is proved that A ∪ ( B ∪ C)=(A ∪ B) ∪ C so it holds Associative property of union.
19. Sets.
Associative property of intersection.
Example.
If A={1,2,3,4} , B={3,4,5,6,7,8} and C={4,7,8,9} then prove A ∩( B ∩ C)=(A ∩ B) ∩ C.
Solution.
L.H.S= A ∩ ( B ∩ C)
B ∩ C=?
B ∩ C ={3,4,5,6,7,8} ∩ {4,7,8,9}
B ∩ C ={4,7,8}
A ∩ ( B ∩ C)={1,2,3,4} ∩ {4,7,8}
A ∩ ( B ∩ C) ={4}
R.H.S=(A ∩ B) ∩ C
A ∩ B=?
A ∩ B={1,2,3,4} ∩ {3,4,5,6,7,8}
A ∩ B={3,4}
(A ∩ B) ∩ C={3,4} ∩{4,7,8,9}
(A ∩ B) ∩ C={4}
Hence it is proved that A ∩ ( B ∩ C)=(A ∩ B) ∩ C so it holds Associative property of intersection
20. Sets.
Distributive property of union over intersection.
Example.
If A={1,2,3,4} , B={3,4,5,7,8} and C={4,5,7,8,9} then prove A ∪( B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C).
Solution.
L.H.S= A ∪( B ∩ C)
B ∩ C=?
B ∩ C ={3,4,5,7,8} ∩ {4,5,7,8,9}
B ∩ C ={4,5,7,8}
A ∪ ( B ∩ C)={1,2,3,4} ∪ {4,5,7,8}
A ∪ ( B ∩ C) ={1,2,3,4,5,7,8}
R.H.S = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)
A ∪ B=?
A ∪ B={1,2,3,4} ∪ {3,4,5,7,8}
A ∪ B={1,2,3,4,5,7,8}
A ∪ C=?
A ∪ C={1,2,3,4} ∪ {4,5,7,8,9}
A ∪ C={1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9}
(A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C) = {1,2,3,4,5,7,8} ∩ {1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9}
(A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C) = {1,2,3,4,5,,7,8}
Hence it is proved that A ∪( B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C) so it holds distributive property of union over intersection .
21. Sets.
Distributive property of intersection over Union.
Example.
If A={1,2,3,4} , B={3,4,5,7,8} and C={4,5,7,8,9} then prove A ∩( B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C).
Solution.
L.H.S= A ∩( B ∪ C)
B ∪ C=?
B ∪ C ={3,4,5,7,8} ∩ {4,5,7,8,9}
B ∪ C ={3,4,5,7,8,9}
A ∩ ( B ∪ C)={1,2,3,4} ∩ {3,4,5,7,8,9}
A ∩ ( B ∪ C)={3,4}
R.H.S = (A ∩ B) ∩ (A ∩ C)
A ∩ B=?
A ∩ B={1,2,3,4} ∩ {3,4,5,7,8}
A ∩ B={3,4}
A ∩ C=?
A ∩ C={1,2,3,4} ∩ {4,5,7,8,9}
A ∩ C={4}
(A ∩ B) ∩ (A ∩ C) = {3,4} ∩{4}
(A ∩ B) ∩ (A ∩ C) = {3,4}
Hence it is proved that A ∩( B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) so it holds distributive property of intersection over union .
22. Sets.
Exercise 1.
Q N0 1: Prof all conditions of De Morgan's law is A={a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h} and B={a,b,c,e,g,i,j}
(A ∪ B)′=𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′
(A ∩ B)′
=𝐴′
∪ 𝐵′
Q No 2: Solve all properties of union and intersection If A={2,4,6,8,10} , B={1,2,3,4,5,6}
and C={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
A ∪ B =B ∪ A.
A ∩ B = B ∩ A
A ∪ ( B ∪ C)=(A ∪ B) ∪ C
A ∩( B ∩ C)=(A ∩ B) ∩ C
A ∪( B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C).
A ∩( B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)