An experimental investigation has been explore in order to study the flow of fluid and heat transfer characteristics on a Rectangular Wavy microchannel heat sink. Various applications are envisaged for the use of microchannel heat sink in electrical and electronic power generation and distribution. The Heat sink with microchannel is designed on an Aluminium specimen with Rectangular Wavy configuration with a channel cross section of 1mm x 0.5mm.To improve the heat transfer performance of the cooling system is achieved by using nanoparticles in the fluid passing through the microchannel heat sink. Results are presented by using different concentration (with 1% to 3%) of Nano fluids in water for the heat sink. Various cooling characteristics including thermal resistance, temperature drop and pressure drop across the microchannel heat sink are analysed for different volume concentrations, different volumetric flow rates and Reynolds number. Other significant characteristics for the measurement of heat transfer characteristics across this microchannel heat sink are also analysed and presented in this experiment.
Analysis of A Double Spiral Counter Flow Calorimeter in Impinging Flame Jet U...IJERA Editor
This document analyzes a double spiral counter flow calorimeter (DSCFC) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The DSCFC consists of two concentric spiral channels for fluid flow over a heated base plate, allowing for heat transfer between the solid and fluid. CFD simulations are performed using ANSYS-CFX to analyze heat transfer characteristics at varying Reynolds numbers and base temperatures. The results show heat transfer decreases with increasing Reynolds number but increases with higher base temperature. Pressure and temperature profiles within the DSCFC are also presented. In conclusion, the CFD analysis finds uniform pressure drop along the spiral channels except at the mid-length, with pressure and outlet temperature decreasing at higher Reynolds numbers.
Recent advances in semiconductor technology show the improvement of fabrication on
electronics appliances in terms of performance, power density and even the size. This great achievement
however led to some major problems on thermal and heat distribution of the electronic devices. This
thermal problem could reduce the efficiency and reliability of the electronic devices. In order to minimize
this thermal problem, an optimal cooling techniques need to be applied during the operation. There are
various cooling techniques have been used and one of them is passive pin fin heat sink approach. This
paper focuses on inline pin fin heat sink, which use copper material with different shapes of pin fin and a
constant 5.5W heat sources. The simulation model has been formulated using COMSOL Multiphysics
software to stimulate the pin fin design, study the thermal distribution and the maximum heat profile.
The document discusses heat sink design for cooling electronic systems. It compares different design parameters for heat sinks such as fin material, shape, layout, working fluid, and forcing mechanism. Two solutions are proposed to achieve heat fluxes of 2 kW/m^2 and 200 kW/m^2. Sample calculations are shown for a solution using aluminum fins cooled by forced air to achieve a heat flux of 209.377 kW/m^2.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER STUDY OF ELECTRO...ijiert bestjournal
Present - day interest in the thermal analysis of electronic circuit boards arises mainly because of the failure of such components as a result of thermal fatigue. A thermal/structural ANSYS model was integrated in this study to enable the predictions of the temperature and stress distribution of vertically clamped parallel circuit boards that include series of symmetrically mounted heated electronic modules (chips). The board was modelled as a thin plate containing heated flush rectangular areas representing the heat generating modules. The ANSYS model was required to incorporate the effects of mixed convection on surfaces,heat generation in the modules,and conduction inside the board. Appropriate convection heat transfer coefficients and boundary condition s resulted in a temperature distribution in the board and chips. Then structural analyses were performed on the same finite element mesh with structural elements capable of handling orthotropic material properties. The stress fields were obtained and compa red for the two models possessing different fibers orientations .
Water cooled minichannel heat sinks for microprocessor cooling: Effect of fin...Danial Sohail
Heat sink with different fin spacing mounted on a microprocessor were tested for their heat removing capabilities by varying coolant flow rates over them
Esign and thermal evaluation of shell and helical coil heat exchangereSAT Journals
Abstract
Heat exchangers are the important engineering equipments used for transferring heat from one fluid to another. Heat exchangers are widely used in various kinds of application such as power plants, nuclear reactors, refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, heat recovery systems, petrochemical, mechanical, biomedical industries. Helical coil heat exchangers are gaining wide importance now-a-days because it can give high heat transfer coefficient in small footprint of surface area. This paper focuses on the designing of shell and helical coil heat exchanger and its thermal evaluation with counter flow configuration. The thermal analysis is carried out considering the various parameters such as flow rate of cold water, flow rate of hot water, temperature, effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient.
Keywords— Helical coil heat exchanger, Counter flow, Flow rate, effectiveness, heat transfer coefficient etc.
This document discusses heat exchangers and provides details about different types of heat exchangers classified based on heat exchange process, fluid flow direction, physical state of fluids, and constructional features. It describes double pipe heat exchangers and the objective of the study to compare the overall heat transfer coefficient of a double pipe heat exchanger without and with twisted sheet inserts of varying twist ratios. Key terms discussed include heat exchangers, regenerators, recuperators, parallel flow, counter flow, cross flow, condensers, and evaporators.
Experimental Investigation of Pool Boiling Enhancement on Different Structure...IRJET Journal
1) The document experimentally investigates pool boiling enhancement on different structured surfaces, including plain, V-shaped, and square structures.
2) The experiment was conducted in a boiling chamber by varying the electric supply and applying/not applying vibration. Surface temperature and heat flux were calculated.
3) The results showed that the square surface provided more appreciable heat flux and heat transfer coefficient compared to the other surfaces. Modifying the surface structure can enhance pool boiling heat transfer.
Analysis of A Double Spiral Counter Flow Calorimeter in Impinging Flame Jet U...IJERA Editor
This document analyzes a double spiral counter flow calorimeter (DSCFC) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The DSCFC consists of two concentric spiral channels for fluid flow over a heated base plate, allowing for heat transfer between the solid and fluid. CFD simulations are performed using ANSYS-CFX to analyze heat transfer characteristics at varying Reynolds numbers and base temperatures. The results show heat transfer decreases with increasing Reynolds number but increases with higher base temperature. Pressure and temperature profiles within the DSCFC are also presented. In conclusion, the CFD analysis finds uniform pressure drop along the spiral channels except at the mid-length, with pressure and outlet temperature decreasing at higher Reynolds numbers.
Recent advances in semiconductor technology show the improvement of fabrication on
electronics appliances in terms of performance, power density and even the size. This great achievement
however led to some major problems on thermal and heat distribution of the electronic devices. This
thermal problem could reduce the efficiency and reliability of the electronic devices. In order to minimize
this thermal problem, an optimal cooling techniques need to be applied during the operation. There are
various cooling techniques have been used and one of them is passive pin fin heat sink approach. This
paper focuses on inline pin fin heat sink, which use copper material with different shapes of pin fin and a
constant 5.5W heat sources. The simulation model has been formulated using COMSOL Multiphysics
software to stimulate the pin fin design, study the thermal distribution and the maximum heat profile.
The document discusses heat sink design for cooling electronic systems. It compares different design parameters for heat sinks such as fin material, shape, layout, working fluid, and forcing mechanism. Two solutions are proposed to achieve heat fluxes of 2 kW/m^2 and 200 kW/m^2. Sample calculations are shown for a solution using aluminum fins cooled by forced air to achieve a heat flux of 209.377 kW/m^2.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER STUDY OF ELECTRO...ijiert bestjournal
Present - day interest in the thermal analysis of electronic circuit boards arises mainly because of the failure of such components as a result of thermal fatigue. A thermal/structural ANSYS model was integrated in this study to enable the predictions of the temperature and stress distribution of vertically clamped parallel circuit boards that include series of symmetrically mounted heated electronic modules (chips). The board was modelled as a thin plate containing heated flush rectangular areas representing the heat generating modules. The ANSYS model was required to incorporate the effects of mixed convection on surfaces,heat generation in the modules,and conduction inside the board. Appropriate convection heat transfer coefficients and boundary condition s resulted in a temperature distribution in the board and chips. Then structural analyses were performed on the same finite element mesh with structural elements capable of handling orthotropic material properties. The stress fields were obtained and compa red for the two models possessing different fibers orientations .
Water cooled minichannel heat sinks for microprocessor cooling: Effect of fin...Danial Sohail
Heat sink with different fin spacing mounted on a microprocessor were tested for their heat removing capabilities by varying coolant flow rates over them
Esign and thermal evaluation of shell and helical coil heat exchangereSAT Journals
Abstract
Heat exchangers are the important engineering equipments used for transferring heat from one fluid to another. Heat exchangers are widely used in various kinds of application such as power plants, nuclear reactors, refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, heat recovery systems, petrochemical, mechanical, biomedical industries. Helical coil heat exchangers are gaining wide importance now-a-days because it can give high heat transfer coefficient in small footprint of surface area. This paper focuses on the designing of shell and helical coil heat exchanger and its thermal evaluation with counter flow configuration. The thermal analysis is carried out considering the various parameters such as flow rate of cold water, flow rate of hot water, temperature, effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient.
Keywords— Helical coil heat exchanger, Counter flow, Flow rate, effectiveness, heat transfer coefficient etc.
This document discusses heat exchangers and provides details about different types of heat exchangers classified based on heat exchange process, fluid flow direction, physical state of fluids, and constructional features. It describes double pipe heat exchangers and the objective of the study to compare the overall heat transfer coefficient of a double pipe heat exchanger without and with twisted sheet inserts of varying twist ratios. Key terms discussed include heat exchangers, regenerators, recuperators, parallel flow, counter flow, cross flow, condensers, and evaporators.
Experimental Investigation of Pool Boiling Enhancement on Different Structure...IRJET Journal
1) The document experimentally investigates pool boiling enhancement on different structured surfaces, including plain, V-shaped, and square structures.
2) The experiment was conducted in a boiling chamber by varying the electric supply and applying/not applying vibration. Surface temperature and heat flux were calculated.
3) The results showed that the square surface provided more appreciable heat flux and heat transfer coefficient compared to the other surfaces. Modifying the surface structure can enhance pool boiling heat transfer.
This document provides a theoretical investigation of a solar energy driven combined power and refrigeration cycle that uses oil as the heat transfer medium. The cycle integrates a Rankine cycle for power production and an ejector refrigeration cycle for cold production. Thermodynamic analyses of the cycle were conducted to determine first law efficiency of 20% and second law efficiency of 11%. Key cycle components include a heliostat field, central receiver, heat recovery steam generator, turbine, evaporator, condenser and ejector. Effects of parameters such as steam temperature and evaporator temperature on cycle performance were examined.
EVALUATION OF ENERGY LOSS IN GEOTHERMAL PIPING SYSTEM [IIGCE 2016] (Repaired)Mahendra Kuntoaji
This document summarizes a study evaluating heat loss in the piping system of the Wayang Windu Geothermal Field in Indonesia. The study found that insulation on the steam pipes is damaged, allowing heat to escape and reducing electricity production. Calculations were done to determine the heat loss and potential generation losses at different air velocities and insulation conditions. The financial loss from reduced electricity production due to heat loss through damaged insulation was estimated to be around $99,781 per year based on the selling price of electricity.
The present trend in the electronic packaging industry is to reduce the size and increase the performance of the equipment. As the power of these systems increases and the volume allowed diminishes, heat flux or density is spiraled. The cooling of modern electronic components is one of the prime areas for the application of thermal control techniques. Of the many thermal-cooling techniques, forced air-cooling being one such extensively used technique due to its simple design and easy availability of air. The present study is to design an air cooled high power electronic system to dissipate heat from selected electronic components.
Cfd and conjugate heat transfer analysis of heat sinks with different fin geo...eSAT Journals
This document discusses a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and conjugate heat transfer analysis of different fin geometries for heat sinks used in electronics cooling. Five fin geometries - zigzag, fluted, slanted mirror, custom pin fin, and staggered array - were analyzed under different heat loads and air velocity. The results show that the slanted mirror geometry provided the best thermal performance with the lowest thermal resistance and highest heat transfer coefficient, while maintaining a relatively low pressure drop. CFD simulations using ANSYS Fluent were conducted to analyze fluid flow, heat transfer, temperature distribution, and thermal performance of the different heat sink designs.
Experimental investigation on the effect of fin pitch on the performance of p...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document summarizes the fabrication and testing of a heat exchanger test rig. Key points:
- The test rig was designed and built to study a counter-flow tube heat exchanger using aluminum sheets and tubes.
- Finite element analysis was performed on the rig design to analyze stresses. Water was heated to 40°C and pumped through one side while tap water entered the other side.
- Effectiveness-NTU method was used to calculate theoretical outlet temperatures which were compared to experimental readings to determine error percentages.
Experimental Investigation of a Helical Coil Heat Exchangerinventy
The document summarizes an experimental study comparing the performance of a helical coil heat exchanger to a straight tube heat exchanger. Researchers designed, fabricated, and tested both types of heat exchangers. Results showed that the helical coil design had higher heat transfer rates, effectiveness, and overall heat transfer coefficients than the straight tube design across all flow rates and operating conditions. This is because the coiled tube shape induces secondary fluid flows that enhance mixing and heat transfer compared to the straight tube. The study concludes that helical coil heat exchangers have better performance than straight tube designs for industrial heat exchange applications.
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of different heat sink shield profiles for electronic cooling. Three shield profiles - trapezoidal with curved inclination, trapezoidal with plane inclination, and slope shield - were modeled and simulated under a heat load of 75W. The trapezoidal shield with curved inclination achieved the lowest maximum temperature of 325.58K, highest heat transfer coefficient of 29.32, and highest surface Nusselt number of 1211.604, indicating it has the best thermal performance of the three profiles analyzed.
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF STEPPED AND STRAIGHT MICROCHANNEL HEAT SINK IAEME Publication
The microchannel has always been seen as the thrust area in the field of thermal research inmechanical engineering. The interest is focused on the computational analysis of linear and stepped typemicrochannel and the results are compared on the basis of CFD analysis performed. In this paper thebest profile is chosen by comparing the results of both linear and stepped microchannel of 0.5mm width&1mm depth and varied width of 1mm, 0.8mm, 0.6mm & 1mmdepth respectively; keeping the wettedarea of both the profiles same. The inner and outer plenum of 5mm of square cross section. Tukerman
and Pease were the pioneer in this field and were first to enlighten the concept of microchannel. The
pressure, velocity, temperature and point parametersareanalysed thoroughly using CAD/CAE software
and the obtained result is performed on the test piece in thelater stage.
Analytical and Experimental analysis ofthermal characteristics throughTriangu...IJERA Editor
Microscale heat transfer technique is widely intended for best cooling applications in electronic devices as high
heat transfer coefficients are achieved in microscale convection. In present study, analysis of thermal
characteristics has been carried out by analytical calculations along with experimental investigation for a straight
microchannel heat sink of equilateral triangular cross section of 173.21 μm hydraulic diameter with distilled
water as the working fluid. Designed Heater input watts and Reynolds number based on flow rate are varied for
optimized microchannel geometry. Experimental analysis is carried out under constant heat flux condition. The
microchannels are produced on highly accurate micro wire cut EDM. The Reynolds number is varied from 100
to 700. The major intension for this work is to enhance heat transfer coefficient and minimize pressure drop
across microchannel. The Reynolds number, temperature distribution, pressure distribution, heat transfer
coefficient, hydrodynamic entrance length, thermal entrance length, equivalent thermal resistances parameters
are calculated for microchannel heat sink performance analysis. The results of analytical calculations are verified
with experimental investigation. It is found that heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increases with
increase in Reynolds numbers and decrease in microchannel heat sink hydraulic diameter. Also channel length is
directly proportional to temperature rise
In present scenario, HVAC system (commonly used in the air conditioners) is very efficient and reliable but it has some demerits. It has been observed during the last two decades that the O3 layer is slowly destroyed because of the refrigerant (CFC and HFC) used for the refrigeration and air- conditioning purposes. The common refrigerant used is HFC's which are leaked and slowly ascend into the atmosphere. When they reach to O3 layer they act on O3 molecules and the layer of O3 is destroyed. A single molecule of HFC can destroy thousands of O3 molecules and that's why it has created a threat for the not only to maintain earth eco system stable but also to existence of earth. Even the percentage of HFCs are emitted into the atmosphere compared to CO2 is negligible but its global warming effect is few thousand times of CO2. The effect of 100 gm of HFC can destroy 0.5 tons of O3 molecules. These HFCs once destroy O3 layer; it takes hundreds of years to recover its thickness as it is formed by complex reactions. This is because as HFCs comes in environment, they remain in atmosphere for 18 years. The capacity of HFCs to increase in earth temperature 10% is contributed by HFC's only. That leads to the emergence of finding an alternative of the conventional HVAC system, i.e. thermo-electric cooling and heating system.
Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement of Pipe-inPipe Helical Coil H...iosrjce
This document presents an experimental study of heat transfer enhancement in a pipe-in-pipe helical coil heat exchanger. Experiments were conducted with two different inner coil diameters (6mm and 8mm) under varying mass flow rates in the inner coil and annulus. The overall heat transfer coefficient and inner Nusselt number were found to increase with increasing mass flow rates. Counter-flow configuration resulted in higher heat transfer rates than parallel flow due to the larger log mean temperature difference, though overall heat transfer coefficients were similar between the two flow arrangements. Experimental results for inner Nusselt number agreed with established correlations in parallel flow but were higher in counter-flow.
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A HEAT SINK FOR ELECTRONICS COOLINGIAEME Publication
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concern the generation, use, conversion and exchange of thermal energy, heat between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified in to various mechanisms such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation & transfer of energy by phase change. Most of the electronic equipment are low power and produce negligible amount of heat in their operation. Some devices, such as power transistors, CPU's, & power diodes produce a significant amount of heat. so sufficient measures are need to be taken so as to prolong their working life and reliability.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Thermo Acoustic RefrigeratorIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a thermoacoustic refrigerator. Some key points:
1. Thermoacoustic refrigeration uses sound waves to alternately compress and relax gas particles in a tube, transferring heat without moving parts.
2. The refrigerator consists of a resonator tube containing a stack of closely spaced surfaces through which a sound wave oscillates. Heat is transferred between the gas and stack surfaces.
3. Experiments investigated different stack geometries and materials to optimize heat transfer and the refrigerator's performance. Temperature sensors measured the temperature difference created.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation Plane Fin with the Help of Passive A...iosrjce
As we know that fins are basically a extended surface which is use to increase the heat transfer rate,
this is basically a secondary surface mounted on primary surface to augment heat transfer from it . To dissipate
heat at faster rate, different heat transfer enhancement methods have been suggested in literature. Active and
passive heat transfer techniques are commonly employed for heat transfer augmentation in fluids.
Recent development in technology has led to demand for high performance lightweight, and compact heat
transfer equipment. To provide accommodation with this demand, finned surface are usually used to increase
rate of heat transfer. The excessive heat must be dissipated to the surrounding for smooth functioning of system.
This is more important in cooling of gas turbine blade, thermal power plants, air conditioning equipment and
electrical / electronic component. This component is getting more compacting size, which generates heat
continuously. This excessive heat will reduce the life of component. To overcome this problem there is need of
effective cooling system. Therefore now a day’s industries are utilizing thermal system such as ribs, fins, baffles
etc. The turbulence occurred due to these passive techniques are good enough to increase rate of heat transfer.
Our project is an extension in this direction to analysis the heat augmentation capacity of rectangular heat fin
array.
IRJET- Heat Exchanger based on Nano FluidIRJET Journal
The document discusses using nanofluids to improve heat transfer in a heat exchanger. It begins by introducing nanofluids and their potential to increase heat transfer rates compared to conventional fluids. It then describes the experimental setup to test a heat exchanger using water and metal-based nanofluids. Temperature sensors will measure the inlet and outlet temperatures of the two fluids while flow control valves regulate flow rates. The goal is to study the effect of mass flow rates on heat exchanger efficiency. CAD software was used to model the design. Experimental testing will obtain results and conclusions on the heat exchanger's performance using nanofluids versus just water.
The Low-Temperature Radiant Floor Heating System Design and Experimental Stud...IJRES Journal
In order to analyze the temperature distribution of the low-temperature radiant floor heating system
that uses the condensing wall-hung boiler as the heat source, the heating system is designed according to a typical
house facing south in Shanghai. The experiments are carried out to study the effects of the supply water
temperature on the thermal comfort of the system. Eventually, the supply water temperature that makes people in
the room feel more comfortable is obtained. The result shows that in the condition of that the outside temperature
is 8~15℃ and the relative humidity is 30~70%RH, the temperature distribution in the room is from high to low
when the height is from bottom to top. The floor surface temperature is highest, but its uniformity is very poor.
When the heating system reaches the steady state, the air temperature of the room is uniform. When the supply
water temperature is 63℃ The room is relatively comfortable at the above experimental condition.
The main objectives of the heat transfer analysis is to enhance the heat transfer rate from system to
surrounding. To transfer the heat from any system either by conduction or convection medium. Both modes of
heat transfer has been enhanced by providing an additional equipments in the outer periphery of the heat transfer
system.Fins are basically mechanical structures which are used to cool various structures by the process of
convection. Most part of their design is basically limited by the design of the system. But still certain parameters
and geometry could be modified to better heat transfer. In most of the cases simple fin geometry is preferred such
as rectangular fins and circular fins. Many experimental works has been done to improve the heat release of the
internal combustion engine cylinder and improves fin efficiency.This study presents the results of air flow and
heat transfer in a light weight automobile engine, considering fins with dimple to increase the heat transfer rate.
An analysis has been using ANSYS WORKBENCH version 12.0 was conducted to find the optimum number of
dimples to maximizing the heat transfer across the Automobile engine body. The results indicate that the
presence of fins with dimple shows improved results on the basis of heat transfer.
Stringent emission standards and the need to reduce greenhouse gas, CO2 emissions from vehicles has led to intensive research on new combustion systems namely, the Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) or controlled auto ignition (CAI) engines. At auto ignition temperature the fuel is auto ignited and a same amount of power will be produced as the traditional engines. Heating of catalytic converter reduces the emissions.
The document describes a unique Clinical Fellows Leadership Academic Programme partnership between a Deanery, Local Education Provider, and Higher Education Institution in Kent, Surrey, and Sussex. The partnership allows Clinical Fellows to earn a Master's in Management (Leadership for Clinicians) while completing work-based projects through their Local Education Provider, gaining dual accreditation. The Deanery acts as a broker between the academic and clinical contexts to establish boundaries, manage anxiety, and facilitate a "third space" that supports innovation.
1) The document provides notes on infant feeding and care taken by Mariechen Puchert during her second year studies. It includes information on breastfeeding, formula feeding, growth charts, and indications for various feeding methods.
2) Details are given on nutritional requirements for preterm and term infants, advantages of breast milk, signs of proper breastfeeding attachment, and guidelines for expressing and storing breastmilk.
3) Contraindications to breastfeeding and drugs to avoid while breastfeeding are listed, along with guidelines for use of medications by breastfeeding mothers. Standard infant formulas and those for special conditions are also outlined.
This document provides a theoretical investigation of a solar energy driven combined power and refrigeration cycle that uses oil as the heat transfer medium. The cycle integrates a Rankine cycle for power production and an ejector refrigeration cycle for cold production. Thermodynamic analyses of the cycle were conducted to determine first law efficiency of 20% and second law efficiency of 11%. Key cycle components include a heliostat field, central receiver, heat recovery steam generator, turbine, evaporator, condenser and ejector. Effects of parameters such as steam temperature and evaporator temperature on cycle performance were examined.
EVALUATION OF ENERGY LOSS IN GEOTHERMAL PIPING SYSTEM [IIGCE 2016] (Repaired)Mahendra Kuntoaji
This document summarizes a study evaluating heat loss in the piping system of the Wayang Windu Geothermal Field in Indonesia. The study found that insulation on the steam pipes is damaged, allowing heat to escape and reducing electricity production. Calculations were done to determine the heat loss and potential generation losses at different air velocities and insulation conditions. The financial loss from reduced electricity production due to heat loss through damaged insulation was estimated to be around $99,781 per year based on the selling price of electricity.
The present trend in the electronic packaging industry is to reduce the size and increase the performance of the equipment. As the power of these systems increases and the volume allowed diminishes, heat flux or density is spiraled. The cooling of modern electronic components is one of the prime areas for the application of thermal control techniques. Of the many thermal-cooling techniques, forced air-cooling being one such extensively used technique due to its simple design and easy availability of air. The present study is to design an air cooled high power electronic system to dissipate heat from selected electronic components.
Cfd and conjugate heat transfer analysis of heat sinks with different fin geo...eSAT Journals
This document discusses a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and conjugate heat transfer analysis of different fin geometries for heat sinks used in electronics cooling. Five fin geometries - zigzag, fluted, slanted mirror, custom pin fin, and staggered array - were analyzed under different heat loads and air velocity. The results show that the slanted mirror geometry provided the best thermal performance with the lowest thermal resistance and highest heat transfer coefficient, while maintaining a relatively low pressure drop. CFD simulations using ANSYS Fluent were conducted to analyze fluid flow, heat transfer, temperature distribution, and thermal performance of the different heat sink designs.
Experimental investigation on the effect of fin pitch on the performance of p...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document summarizes the fabrication and testing of a heat exchanger test rig. Key points:
- The test rig was designed and built to study a counter-flow tube heat exchanger using aluminum sheets and tubes.
- Finite element analysis was performed on the rig design to analyze stresses. Water was heated to 40°C and pumped through one side while tap water entered the other side.
- Effectiveness-NTU method was used to calculate theoretical outlet temperatures which were compared to experimental readings to determine error percentages.
Experimental Investigation of a Helical Coil Heat Exchangerinventy
The document summarizes an experimental study comparing the performance of a helical coil heat exchanger to a straight tube heat exchanger. Researchers designed, fabricated, and tested both types of heat exchangers. Results showed that the helical coil design had higher heat transfer rates, effectiveness, and overall heat transfer coefficients than the straight tube design across all flow rates and operating conditions. This is because the coiled tube shape induces secondary fluid flows that enhance mixing and heat transfer compared to the straight tube. The study concludes that helical coil heat exchangers have better performance than straight tube designs for industrial heat exchange applications.
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of different heat sink shield profiles for electronic cooling. Three shield profiles - trapezoidal with curved inclination, trapezoidal with plane inclination, and slope shield - were modeled and simulated under a heat load of 75W. The trapezoidal shield with curved inclination achieved the lowest maximum temperature of 325.58K, highest heat transfer coefficient of 29.32, and highest surface Nusselt number of 1211.604, indicating it has the best thermal performance of the three profiles analyzed.
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF STEPPED AND STRAIGHT MICROCHANNEL HEAT SINK IAEME Publication
The microchannel has always been seen as the thrust area in the field of thermal research inmechanical engineering. The interest is focused on the computational analysis of linear and stepped typemicrochannel and the results are compared on the basis of CFD analysis performed. In this paper thebest profile is chosen by comparing the results of both linear and stepped microchannel of 0.5mm width&1mm depth and varied width of 1mm, 0.8mm, 0.6mm & 1mmdepth respectively; keeping the wettedarea of both the profiles same. The inner and outer plenum of 5mm of square cross section. Tukerman
and Pease were the pioneer in this field and were first to enlighten the concept of microchannel. The
pressure, velocity, temperature and point parametersareanalysed thoroughly using CAD/CAE software
and the obtained result is performed on the test piece in thelater stage.
Analytical and Experimental analysis ofthermal characteristics throughTriangu...IJERA Editor
Microscale heat transfer technique is widely intended for best cooling applications in electronic devices as high
heat transfer coefficients are achieved in microscale convection. In present study, analysis of thermal
characteristics has been carried out by analytical calculations along with experimental investigation for a straight
microchannel heat sink of equilateral triangular cross section of 173.21 μm hydraulic diameter with distilled
water as the working fluid. Designed Heater input watts and Reynolds number based on flow rate are varied for
optimized microchannel geometry. Experimental analysis is carried out under constant heat flux condition. The
microchannels are produced on highly accurate micro wire cut EDM. The Reynolds number is varied from 100
to 700. The major intension for this work is to enhance heat transfer coefficient and minimize pressure drop
across microchannel. The Reynolds number, temperature distribution, pressure distribution, heat transfer
coefficient, hydrodynamic entrance length, thermal entrance length, equivalent thermal resistances parameters
are calculated for microchannel heat sink performance analysis. The results of analytical calculations are verified
with experimental investigation. It is found that heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increases with
increase in Reynolds numbers and decrease in microchannel heat sink hydraulic diameter. Also channel length is
directly proportional to temperature rise
In present scenario, HVAC system (commonly used in the air conditioners) is very efficient and reliable but it has some demerits. It has been observed during the last two decades that the O3 layer is slowly destroyed because of the refrigerant (CFC and HFC) used for the refrigeration and air- conditioning purposes. The common refrigerant used is HFC's which are leaked and slowly ascend into the atmosphere. When they reach to O3 layer they act on O3 molecules and the layer of O3 is destroyed. A single molecule of HFC can destroy thousands of O3 molecules and that's why it has created a threat for the not only to maintain earth eco system stable but also to existence of earth. Even the percentage of HFCs are emitted into the atmosphere compared to CO2 is negligible but its global warming effect is few thousand times of CO2. The effect of 100 gm of HFC can destroy 0.5 tons of O3 molecules. These HFCs once destroy O3 layer; it takes hundreds of years to recover its thickness as it is formed by complex reactions. This is because as HFCs comes in environment, they remain in atmosphere for 18 years. The capacity of HFCs to increase in earth temperature 10% is contributed by HFC's only. That leads to the emergence of finding an alternative of the conventional HVAC system, i.e. thermo-electric cooling and heating system.
Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement of Pipe-inPipe Helical Coil H...iosrjce
This document presents an experimental study of heat transfer enhancement in a pipe-in-pipe helical coil heat exchanger. Experiments were conducted with two different inner coil diameters (6mm and 8mm) under varying mass flow rates in the inner coil and annulus. The overall heat transfer coefficient and inner Nusselt number were found to increase with increasing mass flow rates. Counter-flow configuration resulted in higher heat transfer rates than parallel flow due to the larger log mean temperature difference, though overall heat transfer coefficients were similar between the two flow arrangements. Experimental results for inner Nusselt number agreed with established correlations in parallel flow but were higher in counter-flow.
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A HEAT SINK FOR ELECTRONICS COOLINGIAEME Publication
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concern the generation, use, conversion and exchange of thermal energy, heat between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified in to various mechanisms such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation & transfer of energy by phase change. Most of the electronic equipment are low power and produce negligible amount of heat in their operation. Some devices, such as power transistors, CPU's, & power diodes produce a significant amount of heat. so sufficient measures are need to be taken so as to prolong their working life and reliability.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Thermo Acoustic RefrigeratorIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a thermoacoustic refrigerator. Some key points:
1. Thermoacoustic refrigeration uses sound waves to alternately compress and relax gas particles in a tube, transferring heat without moving parts.
2. The refrigerator consists of a resonator tube containing a stack of closely spaced surfaces through which a sound wave oscillates. Heat is transferred between the gas and stack surfaces.
3. Experiments investigated different stack geometries and materials to optimize heat transfer and the refrigerator's performance. Temperature sensors measured the temperature difference created.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation Plane Fin with the Help of Passive A...iosrjce
As we know that fins are basically a extended surface which is use to increase the heat transfer rate,
this is basically a secondary surface mounted on primary surface to augment heat transfer from it . To dissipate
heat at faster rate, different heat transfer enhancement methods have been suggested in literature. Active and
passive heat transfer techniques are commonly employed for heat transfer augmentation in fluids.
Recent development in technology has led to demand for high performance lightweight, and compact heat
transfer equipment. To provide accommodation with this demand, finned surface are usually used to increase
rate of heat transfer. The excessive heat must be dissipated to the surrounding for smooth functioning of system.
This is more important in cooling of gas turbine blade, thermal power plants, air conditioning equipment and
electrical / electronic component. This component is getting more compacting size, which generates heat
continuously. This excessive heat will reduce the life of component. To overcome this problem there is need of
effective cooling system. Therefore now a day’s industries are utilizing thermal system such as ribs, fins, baffles
etc. The turbulence occurred due to these passive techniques are good enough to increase rate of heat transfer.
Our project is an extension in this direction to analysis the heat augmentation capacity of rectangular heat fin
array.
IRJET- Heat Exchanger based on Nano FluidIRJET Journal
The document discusses using nanofluids to improve heat transfer in a heat exchanger. It begins by introducing nanofluids and their potential to increase heat transfer rates compared to conventional fluids. It then describes the experimental setup to test a heat exchanger using water and metal-based nanofluids. Temperature sensors will measure the inlet and outlet temperatures of the two fluids while flow control valves regulate flow rates. The goal is to study the effect of mass flow rates on heat exchanger efficiency. CAD software was used to model the design. Experimental testing will obtain results and conclusions on the heat exchanger's performance using nanofluids versus just water.
The Low-Temperature Radiant Floor Heating System Design and Experimental Stud...IJRES Journal
In order to analyze the temperature distribution of the low-temperature radiant floor heating system
that uses the condensing wall-hung boiler as the heat source, the heating system is designed according to a typical
house facing south in Shanghai. The experiments are carried out to study the effects of the supply water
temperature on the thermal comfort of the system. Eventually, the supply water temperature that makes people in
the room feel more comfortable is obtained. The result shows that in the condition of that the outside temperature
is 8~15℃ and the relative humidity is 30~70%RH, the temperature distribution in the room is from high to low
when the height is from bottom to top. The floor surface temperature is highest, but its uniformity is very poor.
When the heating system reaches the steady state, the air temperature of the room is uniform. When the supply
water temperature is 63℃ The room is relatively comfortable at the above experimental condition.
The main objectives of the heat transfer analysis is to enhance the heat transfer rate from system to
surrounding. To transfer the heat from any system either by conduction or convection medium. Both modes of
heat transfer has been enhanced by providing an additional equipments in the outer periphery of the heat transfer
system.Fins are basically mechanical structures which are used to cool various structures by the process of
convection. Most part of their design is basically limited by the design of the system. But still certain parameters
and geometry could be modified to better heat transfer. In most of the cases simple fin geometry is preferred such
as rectangular fins and circular fins. Many experimental works has been done to improve the heat release of the
internal combustion engine cylinder and improves fin efficiency.This study presents the results of air flow and
heat transfer in a light weight automobile engine, considering fins with dimple to increase the heat transfer rate.
An analysis has been using ANSYS WORKBENCH version 12.0 was conducted to find the optimum number of
dimples to maximizing the heat transfer across the Automobile engine body. The results indicate that the
presence of fins with dimple shows improved results on the basis of heat transfer.
Stringent emission standards and the need to reduce greenhouse gas, CO2 emissions from vehicles has led to intensive research on new combustion systems namely, the Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) or controlled auto ignition (CAI) engines. At auto ignition temperature the fuel is auto ignited and a same amount of power will be produced as the traditional engines. Heating of catalytic converter reduces the emissions.
The document describes a unique Clinical Fellows Leadership Academic Programme partnership between a Deanery, Local Education Provider, and Higher Education Institution in Kent, Surrey, and Sussex. The partnership allows Clinical Fellows to earn a Master's in Management (Leadership for Clinicians) while completing work-based projects through their Local Education Provider, gaining dual accreditation. The Deanery acts as a broker between the academic and clinical contexts to establish boundaries, manage anxiety, and facilitate a "third space" that supports innovation.
1) The document provides notes on infant feeding and care taken by Mariechen Puchert during her second year studies. It includes information on breastfeeding, formula feeding, growth charts, and indications for various feeding methods.
2) Details are given on nutritional requirements for preterm and term infants, advantages of breast milk, signs of proper breastfeeding attachment, and guidelines for expressing and storing breastmilk.
3) Contraindications to breastfeeding and drugs to avoid while breastfeeding are listed, along with guidelines for use of medications by breastfeeding mothers. Standard infant formulas and those for special conditions are also outlined.
This document analyzes site selection diversity transmission (SSDT) for 3GPP WCDMA forward link and compares it to hard handover (HHO) and soft handover (SHO). It finds that SSDT can provide performance gains over HHO and SHO, but these gains may be reduced by feedback bit errors. The performance of each method is modeled and analyzed mathematically to derive bit error probability expressions as a function of signal-to-noise ratio. Feedback bit errors are also accounted for in the SSDT analysis.
This document discusses two conditions that can cause bowel obstruction in children: Intussusception and Hirschsprung's disease. Intussusception occurs when the proximal bowel invaginates into the distal bowel, compressing and blocking it. It typically affects children from 2 months to 2 years and presents with severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and a palpable abdominal mass. Ultrasound can show the "target" or "doughnut sign". Treatment involves air or liquid enemas to try to reduce the intussusception or surgery if complications occur. Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital condition where the large bowel lacks ganglion cells, usually affecting the rectum. It presents in neonates
This document provides an overview of asthma, including its diagnosis, treatment, and management. It discusses:
1) Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes symptoms like wheezing and shortness of breath. It affects 300 million people worldwide.
2) Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, lung function tests, and ruling out other conditions. Treatment follows a stepwise approach based on disease severity and control.
3) Treatment includes controller medications like inhaled corticosteroids to control inflammation as well as quick-relief medications for symptoms. The goal is long-term control with minimal risks or side effects.
This document provides information about chemistry courses, careers in chemistry, and support from the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). It discusses why students may be interested in studying chemistry and lists many career paths in fields like pharmaceuticals, biochemistry, materials science, and more. The document outlines typical undergraduate chemistry degree structures and specialized courses. It also details ways the RSC supports chemistry students, including through the ChemNet program which provides online resources, events, and discounts to help students explore career options and apply to university.
The document provides an overview of several lectures on excitable cells and neuronal biophysics. It discusses key topics including:
- The structure and properties of water and its role as a solvent.
- The structure of biological membranes and how they use lipid bilayers.
- How cells use protein pumps and ion channels to regulate ion concentrations and transport ions across membranes.
- Techniques for measuring ion fluxes including radiotracers, fluorescent dyes, and electrophysiology.
- Concepts from Newtonian mechanics like Newton's laws of motion that are relevant to understanding neuronal biophysics.
This document provides instructions for surgically inserting a chest drain. It outlines the necessary pre-procedural checks, equipment, patient preparation, anesthesia technique, dissection and drain placement steps. Key steps include identifying the correct intercostal space using anatomical landmarks, infiltrating the skin and pleura with local anesthetic, making an incision and dissecting into the pleural space, placing a holding suture, inserting the drain tube until the holes are in the chest cavity, securing and attaching it to a drainage system, and doing post-procedure checks including a chest x-ray. Samples of any effusion should also be sent for microbiological and biochemical analysis.
Este documento discute el uso de las redes sociales y los riesgos de cometer errores en línea. Señala que aunque la mayoría usa las redes sociales con fines personales, estas pueden afectar su reputación y que no todos entienden completamente conceptos como licencias de contenido. Aunque los errores no siempre tienen consecuencias graves, compartir contenido inapropiado mientras se trabaja o no respetar los principios básicos de las redes puede traer problemas.
Back pain is one of the most common health problems and is usually due to mechanical causes like muscle strains or disc issues. While the cause is often unknown, signs and symptoms like radiating leg pain help identify patients who may have a herniated disc compressing the nerve root. MRI is the best way to visualize disc damage, and treatment ranges from conservative options to surgery for severe or progressive cases. Most acute back pain resolves on its own, but recurrence after initial episodes is common.
Debjyoti Banerjee is a professor at Texas A&M University who leads a multi-phase flows and heat transfer lab researching nano-devices for thermal energy storage, cooling, and sensing. The lab has 45 externally funded projects over 11 years researching topics like nano-sensors, nano-MEMS, dip pen nanolithography, biomicrofluidics, and thermal management using nanostructures and nanofluids. The lab works with various government agencies and industry partners.
To study the behavior of nanofluids in heat transfer applications a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract Using nanofluids as an innovative kind of liquid blend including trivial volume fraction (in percent) of millimeter or nanometer size powdered particles with base fluids is fairly a novel arena or idea. The objective of this presented review paper is to inspect the performance of the nanofluid-based solar collector (NBSC). In past few years for a number of experimental and industrial thermal engineering systems solar energy has proven to be the best input energy source. Nanofluids are the fluid that has shown various developments in the thermal properties over the past decade. In the field of nanotechnology, nano fluids have a great potential to enhance the rheological properties like thermal conductivity of base fluid like water, ethanol etc. Nanofluids are the suspension of mainly the base fluid like water in nanoparticles such as alumina (Al2O3) of size micro or milimetre and shows distinctive features than that of conservative fluids used. Because of better rheological properties nanofluids are utilized to build up the performance of conventional solar thermal engineering systems. The presented literature review presents a detailed discussion about the solar collectors, applications of nanofluids in solar collector and their augmentation in thermo physical properties. Keywords: Nano fluids, Nanoparticles, Solar collector, Thermal conductivity
The document discusses Diabatix, a company that provides simulation-driven design optimization and virtual prototyping services to optimize heat sink and cooling channel designs. Specifically, Diabatix uses computational fluid dynamics and topology optimization to design problem-specific solutions that increase efficiency and reduce weight and pressure drop compared to traditional trial-and-error approaches. Examples of optimized designs include an S-shaped cooling channel and a heat sink for non-uniform heating.
This document discusses opportunities to replace traditional metal materials with engineered polymers in LED luminaires to reduce costs and improve design flexibility. It outlines how polymers can lower material and manufacturing expenses for lens, reflectors, housings and heat sinks. Case studies show projects achieving weight reductions of 33-60%, manufacturing productivity gains of 13-49%, and overall cost savings of 13-39% by converting to optimized polymer solutions. Implementing polymer conversions requires considering regulatory compliance, prototype validation, and global supply chain coordination.
Comunicado de prensa 013-Polo Democratico Alternativo (Caquetá)Polo Caquetá
El documento anuncia un homenaje al líder político Carlos Gaviria en Caquetá el 14 de abril a las 6:30 pm en AICA. Varios grupos como el Polo Democrático Alternativo PDA Caquetá, la Academia de Historia de Caquetá y la CUT expresan sus condolencias por el fallecimiento de Gaviria, destacado impulsor de la unidad de la izquierda y del PDA. Gaviria murió a los 77 años el 31 de marzo de 2015 en Bogotá debido a problemas respiratorios, después de una destacada
This document describes a student's final project to design a CPU heat sink using 3D modeling software. It includes steps to model each component of the heat sink, including the fan, heatsink, screws, and brackets. Mass properties, surface analysis, and sustainable design considerations are analyzed. The student found creating curved surfaces challenging but learned about complex surface creation. Analysis of volume, center of mass, and sustainable design selections aligned with engineering fundamentals. Feedback was the course provided a good learning experience but was early in the semester.
DESIGN OF STACKED MICROCHANNEL HEAT SINKS USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICP singh
The heat extraction problem is becoming an important factor in the development of micro-electronics. Over the last decade, micromachining technology has been increasingly used for the development of highly efficient cooling devices called heat sink because of its undeniable advantages such as less coolant demands and small dimensions. One of the most important micromachining technologies is micro channels. Hence, the study of fluid flow and heat transfer in micro channels which are two essential parts of such devices, have attracted more attentions with broad applications in both engineering and medical problems. Heat sinks are classified into single-phase or two-phase according to whether boiling of liquid occurs inside the micro channels
The microchannel heat sink is designed for electronic chips that could be effectively cooled by means of forced convection, by water flowing through the microchannels. This project presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) flow simulation modeling, where water is made to flow across different cross-sectional microchannel heat sinks placed on heat source. The flow simulation of water and convective heat transfer are carried by using commercial software “Solid Works Flow Simulation”. In the CFD process stacked microchannels of various cross-sections viz., rectangular, triangular, pentagonal and circular are designed, then by defining the computational domain, boundary conditions as inlet mass flow (1e-5 kg/s),outlet pressure ( static pressure) and heat flux(750w/cm2) and by considering the parallel and counter flow direction of water in different cross-sectional microchannels the temperature drop in heat sink, pressure drop across the channels and amount of volumetric heat transfer coefficient are analyzed and compared.
Performance of water and diluted ethylene glycol as coolants for electronic c...IJERA Editor
As the number of transistors increases with new generation of microprocessor chips, the power draw and heat load to dissipate during operation increases. As a result of increasing the heat loads and heat fluxes the Conventional cooling technologies such as fan, heat sinks are unable to absorb and heat transfer excess heat dissipated by these new microprocessor. So, new technologies are needed to improve the heat removal capacity. In the present work single phase liquid cooling system with mini channel is analyzed and experimentally investigated. Mini channels are chosen as to provide higher heat transfer co-efficient than conventional channel. Copper pipes of 0.36 mm diameter are taken to fabricate heat sink and heat exchanger. A pump is used to circulate the fluid through heat sink and heat exchanger. A solid heated aluminium block to simulate heat generated electronic component is used and electrical input is supplied to the heated aluminium block and cooling system is placed over the heated block. The performance of the cooling system is analyzed from the experimental data obtained. It is experimentally observed that the mini channel liquid cooling system with water as a coolant has better performance than diluted ethylene glycol as coolant at different flow rates. The surface temperature of the heated aluminium block with convective heat transfer co-efficient is observed
Computational analysis for different characteristics of the circular microcha...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on computational analysis of flow characteristics in circular microchannels under low Reynolds number conditions. It discusses how a variable diameter design can improve flow rate and heat dissipation from electronic chips. The document reviews several past studies on microchannel flow and heat transfer. It is found that increasing the microchannel diameter increases heat dissipation rate, with a proposed design improving flow rate and heat removal for chip cooling.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Study in Rectangle Type St...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates heat transfer in straight and obliquely finned microchannel heat sinks using water and nanofluids as coolants. Rectangle cross-section microchannels are studied at varying flow rates and heat inputs. Results show that a 0.1% concentration of Al2O3/water nanofluid provides the best heat transfer enhancement of 24.15% in the obliquely finned microchannel compared to water and SiO2/nanofluid. Overall, the obliquely finned microchannel provides 21.45% better heat transfer than the straight microchannel design. The study examines heat transfer and flow characteristics in microchannels to improve thermal management in electronics.
This work deals with a study on the laminar convective heat flow of a homemade air condition ing unit through a computational fluid dynamics simulation. With adoption of chilled water as the working fluid within a tube section of the evaporative compartment of the homemade air conditioner whose radius is 5mm and Height 20mm .The numerical analysis was carried out using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS.Simulation was carried out, using (276𝐾 (3°C) as the inlet temperature and 293𝐾 (20°C) as the outlet temperature with a flow rate of 0.15 m3 ⁄ s. The result showed the velocity profile of the working fluid and the temperature distribution before, during and after heat exchange, helping to achieve a Visual understanding of the Laminar convective fluid and heat flow phenomena within the cooling coil.
This document summarizes a study that uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the performance of an all-glass evacuated tube solar water heater with twist tape inserts. The study develops a numerical model to simulate fluid flow and heat transfer in a single collector tube. Results show that twist tape inserts reduce velocity magnitude and make the temperature field more uniform compared to a plain tube. Over the range tested, twist tapes with relative twisted ratios of 2.5 and 4 produce Nusselt numbers that are 1.07% smaller and 9.29% larger, respectively, than a normal tube without inserts.
IRJET - Analysis of Solar Flat Plate Collector using Heat Transfer Enhancer A...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of a solar flat plate collector with an absorber tube containing a heat transfer enhancer. Two types of heat transfer enhancers are tested - rectangular and square designs. The rectangular enhancer provides higher efficiency than the square design by increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient with minimal increase in pumping power. A theoretical model is developed and validated against experimental results from other studies. Analysis shows that the rectangular enhancer generates less entropy and exergy destruction than the square enhancer or plain tube. It also provides higher thermal efficiency, as it increases the surface area in contact with the absorbing fluid flow.
Suspended nanoparticles in conventional fluids,
called nanofluids, have been the subject of intensive study
worldwide since pioneering researchers recently discovered the
anomalous thermal behavior of these fluids. The heat transfer from
smaller area is achieved through microchannels. The heat transfer
principle states that maximum heat transfer is achieved in
microchannels with maximum pressure drop across it. In this
research work the experimental and numerical investigation for
the improved heat transfer characteristics of serpentine shaped
microchannel heat sink using Al2O3/water nanofluid is done. The
fluid flow characteristics is also analyzed for the serpentine
shaped micrchannel. The experimental results of the heat
transfer using Al2O3 nanofluid is compared with the numerical
values. The calculations in this work suggest that the best heat
transfer enhancement can be obtained by using a system with an
Al2O3–water nanofluid-cooled micro channel with serpentine
shaped fluid flow
This document discusses a thesis that analyzes heat transfer in a helical coil heat exchanger using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The thesis was submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. The student conducted CFD analysis using ANSYS Fluent to simulate heat transfer between fluids flowing in parallel and counter-current directions in a tube-in-tube helical coil heat exchanger. Contours, vectors, and plots of parameters like temperature, velocity, heat flux, and Nusselt number were generated to analyze heat transfer performance under varying conditions. The overall goal was to provide data on heat transfer behavior in helical coil exchangers to address the lack of experimental results available for their
IRJET- Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Circular Pipe ...IRJET Journal
1. The document numerically investigates heat transfer enhancement in a circular pipe with various rib geometries, including flat, conical, and right angle ribs.
2. It uses computational fluid dynamics to model water flow through the pipe with Reynolds numbers from 5000 to 60000 and a constant heat flux of 50 W/cm2 applied to the pipe surface.
3. The results show that ribs on the inside of the pipe enhance turbulence in the flow and produce recirculation, disturbing the thermal boundary layer and increasing the rate of heat transfer through the pipe.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Critical heat flux enhancement in pool boiling with al2 o3 water nanofluideSAT Journals
Abstract Boiling is an important phase change phenomena as it plays a crucial role in the design of high heat flux system like boilers, heat exchangers, microscopic heat transfer devices. However boiling phenomenon is limited by critical heat flux. At critical heat flux material of heated surface suffers physical damage due to lower heat transfer resulting from thin film formed over the surface. Now a days Nanofluid which is colloidal suspension of nanoparticle in base fluid is highlighted as innovative techniques to enhance critical heat flux. In the present study Al2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM and XRD analysis. From SEM images it was seen that nanoparticle has spherical morphology, and from XRD analysis average nanoparticle size determined was 29.48 nm. Five different nanofluids of concentration range from 3 gram/liter to 15 gram/liter were prepared. Critical heat flux (CHF) of each Al2O3-water nanofluid in pool boiling is determined on NiCr wire of SWG 28. The minimum critical heat flux enhancement is 30.53% at 3 gram/liter nanofluid compared to critical heat flux of distilled water. The highest critical heat flux enhancement is 72.70 % at 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Critical heat flux of nanofluid increases with increase in concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticle in distilled water up to 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Surface roughness of bare wire was 0.126 μm. Surface roughness of wire sample used in pool boiling of 3 gram/liter nanofluid is 0.299μm and highest surface roughness was 0.715 μm of heater used in pool boiling of 12 gram/liter nanofluid. The Surface roughness measurement results show the evidence of nanoparticle deposition on wire surface and its effect on Critical Heat Flux enhancement. Keywords: Critical heat flux, Nanoparticle, Nanofluid, Concentration, Surface roughness.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW IN MICRO-CHANNEL HEAT SINKijmech
In this paper heat transfer in single phase through micro-channels was studied. The validation of classical correlations of conventional channels to micro-channels is explored. It is found that classical approach is in good agreement with the experimental results of heat transfer in micro-channels .The material used for micro-channel heat sink (MCHS) is copper, experiments were conducted using water as cooling agent in
this study. Micro-channels are made with the help of EDM machine on the upper surface of MCHS. Variation of heat transfer rates, effect of friction factor, effect of pressure drop and variation in temperature distribution is investigated in this study. It is observed in the study that with decrease in
velocity flow friction also decreases.
IRJET- Numerical Investigation of the Forced Convection using Nano FluidIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze heat transfer and friction factors for turbulent flow of titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and silicon dioxide nanofluid in semi-circle corrugated channels. The simulations were conducted at Reynolds numbers of 10,000-30,000, nanoparticle volume fractions of 0-6%, and constant heat flux conditions. Results showed that the Nusselt number, a measure of heat transfer, increased with higher nanoparticle volume fraction and Reynolds number. Maximum Nusselt number enhancement of 2.07 was found at a Reynolds number of 30,000 and volume fraction of 6%.
Experimental investigation of flow condensation in 'v' shaped minichanneleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
CFD Investigation of Compact Heat Exchanger Having Different Fins with Nanofl...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate heat transfer in a compact heat exchanger with different fin types and titanium dioxide nanofluid. It discusses past research on various techniques for enhancing heat transfer and reducing pressure losses in heat exchangers. The document then outlines the objectives, methodology, and potential implications of research using CFD and limited experimental data to develop new heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for plain, offset strip, and wavy fins, which are common in applications like cryogenics and aerospace. These new correlations could provide more accurate and broadly applicable insights for heat exchanger design compared to existing correlations.
1) The document presents a computational study to determine heat transfer coefficients and friction factors for turbulent air flow through rectangular ducts with triangular ribs.
2) A commercial software package was used to simulate the flow and analyze heat transfer across the ribbed duct. The duct walls were modeled with and without ribs to compare heat transfer and pressure drop.
3) Results are presented in dimensionless form as Nusselt numbers and friction factors as functions of Reynolds number. It was found that the ribs increased both heat transfer and pressure drop compared to a smooth duct.
Abstract: Heat pipe are high-efficient heat transfer devices and have been widely applied in various thermal systems. Since heat pipe utilize the phase change of the working fluid to transport the heat, the selection of working fluid is of essential importance to promote the thermal performance of heat pipe. Owing to the heat transfer enhancement effect of nanofluid in the single phase and phase change heat transfer, some researchers have applied various nanofluids in heat pipe as the working fluids to enhance their heat transfer performance.
This document summarizes a numerical study that analyzed fluid flow and heat transfer in a rectangular microchannel heat sink using ANSYS software. The study modeled a 10mm long substrate with a single rectangular microchannel that was 57μm wide and 180μm deep. Water was used as the cooling fluid. Governing equations for fluid flow, heat transfer, and the SIMPLE algorithm were used to simulate fluid flow and heat transfer in the microchannel. Results and discussion of the simulation are presented.
Similar to Design and Experimental Analysis of Rectangular Wavy Micro Channel Heat sink (20)
DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLER FAMILY CADRE TRAINING BASED ON ANDROID APPLICATIONS IN...AM Publications
Toddler family cadre is a community members work voluntarily in fostering and providing information to parents of toddlers about how to properly care for children. Toddler Family cadre desperately need training to increase their skills. There are still a few Toddler family cadres who get training so that the knowledge and skills of parents and other family members in developing toddlers' growth through physical stimulation, motoric intelligence, emotional and social economy as well as possible are still lacking. The purpose of this study is to develop an Android- assisted Toddler family cadre training model in Demak. This research is research in tian research and development. The research location was in Demak Regency. Toddler family cadres became the object of this research. Development of Toddler family cadre training models assisted by Android in Demak is feasible to be used as an effort to improve Toddler Family cadres' capabilities.
TESTING OF COMPOSITE ON DROP-WEIGHT IMPACT TESTING AND DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION ...AM Publications
In recent years the use of composite materials in structural components has become increasingly common in a wide range of engineering applications. Composite materials offer numerous advantages over more conventional materials because of their superior specific properties, but a serious obstacle to a more widespread use of these materials is their high sensitivity to localized impact loading. This paper presents an experimental study to assess the impact response of drop weight impact tests on fiber reinforced polymer composites with deferent load and damage identification of composite using Non-destructive testing techniques ultrasonic testing (UT) C scan. In the study includes checking the strength of the specimen, plotting of graphs between the height and the impact energy obtained and tabulating the results after conducting the various functional tests.
THE USE OF FRACTAL GEOMETRY IN TILING MOTIF DESIGNAM Publications
In this paper I will present the use of fractal geometry to design tile motifs. A fractal is a geometric figure that combines the several characteristics among others: its parts have the same form as the whole, fragmented, and formation by iteration. The concept of fractals has been spread over all fields of sciences, technology, and art. This paper aims to provide an algorithm to creating motifs of tile algorithm for create the tile motif consists of base, iteration, coloration and duplication. In order to help the reader better understand the algorithm, I will present some script using Matlab. We describe a mathematically based algorithm that can fill a spatial region with sequence of randomly placed which may be transformed copies of one motif or several motifs. By using this algorithm, I can produce thousand variety of aesthetically pleasing tile motifs, of which we show a number of examples.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL INVERSION FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA: CA...AM Publications
Two-dimensional resistivity analysis of magnetotelluric data has been done at “Z” geothermal area which is located in southern part of Indonesia. The objective is to understand subsurface structure beneath reasearch area based on 2-D modeling of magnetotelluric data. The inversion finite element method were used for numerical simulations which requires discretization on the boundary of the modeling domain. The modeling results of magnetotelluric data shows relativity structure dissemination: 0-10 ohm.m in a thickness of 1 km (Clay Cap), 10-100 ohm.m with 1-2 km depth respectively (reservoir zone), and on a scale of 100-1000 ohm.m in a depth of 2-3 km (heat source zone). The result of relativity structure can be used to delineate an area with geothermal prospect around 12 km2.
USING THE GENETIC ALGORITHM TO OPTIMIZE LASER WELDING PARAMETERS FOR MARTENSI...AM Publications
This document presents an optimization of laser welding parameters for martensitic stainless steel using a genetic algorithm. The algorithm aims to minimize the difference between the actual and desired weld size (width and depth) by optimizing laser power, welding speed, and fiber diameter. The genetic algorithm was run 10 times with a population of 30 over 200 iterations each time. The results showed errors between optimized and experimental values of less than 5% for the parameters. The study demonstrates that genetic algorithms can effectively optimize laser welding parameters to achieve a preset weld size.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN E-MARKETPLACE FOR MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISESAM Publications
The Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises launched in 2018 the number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia as many as 58.97 million people. It is predicted that the number of MSMEs players in 2019 will amount to 59.2 million. This shows that the Indonesian people have made changes in the field of family economics which initially as consumptive are now productive. The community prefers to carry out activities that can increase family income. Future MSMEs remain the mainstay of the national economy. In accordance with the government roadmap, in 2020 e-commerce transactions are predicted to reach Rp1,300 trillion or equivalent to USD130 billion. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the contribution of MSMEs to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached 61.41%, with the number of MSMEs reaching almost 60 million units. However, only around 8% or 3.79 million of the 59.2 million MSMEs players have used online platforms to market their products. Based on the above problems, researchers conducted research on the analysis and display of E-Marketplace for MSMEs in Indonesia. The type of research used is action research. The object of research is MSMEs which are under the Office of Industry and Trade of Sragen Regency. The method of data collection is by techniques: (1) interview, (2) documentation (3) observation, (4) literature study. The researcher uses the waterfall method in developing the system. The research team has successfully analyzed the E-Market place according to the results of data collection. The research team has succeeded in designing the E-Marketplace for MSMEs. E-Marketplace designed can be used by admin, MSME and user. Admin is in charge of managing E-Marketplace and has full access rights. MSMEs can register online and manage their products in E-Marketplace. Users or buyers can search data in E-Marketplace as desired. To make transactions, users can interact directly with MSMEs according to the data provided in E-Marketplace. E-Marketplace can be used for marketing together MSMEs products. This e-marketplace can be accessed at www.umkmonline.com
REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AM Publications
Remote sensing technology's increasing accessibility helps us observe research and learn about our globe in ways we could only imagine a generation ago. Guides to profound knowledge of historical, conceptual and practical uses of remote sensing which is increasing GIS technology. This paper will go briefly through remote sensing benefits, history, technology and the GIS and remote sensing integration and their applications. Remote sensing (RS) is used in mapping the predicted and actual species and dominates the ecosystem canopy.
EVALUATE THE STRAIN ENERGY ERROR FOR THE LASER WELD BY THE H-REFINEMENT OF TH...AM Publications
Currently, the finite element method (FEM) is still one of the useful tools in numerical simulation for technical problems. With this method, a continuum model presented by a certain number of elements with a simple approximation field causes the presence of discretization error in solutions. This paper considers the butt weld by laser which subjected the tension for AISI 1018 steel highness 8 mm. The aim of the study is to use the h-refinement of the FEM in estimation the strain energy error for the laser weld mentioned. The results show that the stability of the h-refinement shown by the value of the relative error of the strain energy is quite small, specifically; FEM is less than 5.7% and extra is no more than 3.7%.
HMM APPLICATION IN ISOLATED WORD SPEECH RECOGNITIONAM Publications
Speech recognition is always being an all-time trendy topic for discussion and also for researches and we see a major application in our life. This paper provides the work done on the application of Hidden Markov model to implement isolated word speech recognition on MATLAB and to develop and train the system for set of self-selective words for specific user (user dependent) to get maximum efficiency in word recognition system. Which uses the forward and Baum-welch algorithm and fitting Gaussian of the Baum-welch algorithm for all the iteration perform. We use a sample of 7 alphabets which are recorded in 15 different ways giving total of 105 word to use for training with each word with 15 variations. This system can be used in real world in system security using voice security system and mainly for children and impaired people.
PEDESTRIAN DETECTION IN LOW RESOLUTION VIDEOS USING A MULTI-FRAME HOG-BASED D...AM Publications
Detecting pedestrians in low resolution videos is a challenging task, due to the small size of pedestrians in the images and the limited information. In practical outdoor surveillance scenarios the pedestrian size is usually small. Existing state-of-the-art pedestrian detection methods that use histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) features have poor performance in this problem domain. To compensate for the lack of information in a single frame, we propose a novel detection method that recognizes pedestrians in a short sequence of frames. Namely, we take the single-frame HOG-based detector and extend it to multiple frames. Our detector is applied to regions containing potential moving objects. In the case of video taken from a moving camera on an aerial platform, video stabilization is first performed to register the frames. A classifier is then applied to features extracted from spatio-temporal volumes surrounding the potential moving objects. On challenging stationary and aerial video datasets, our detection accuracy outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms.
The aim of this paper is to help the blind people to identify and catch the public transport vehicles with the help of Light Fidelity technology. It is a Navigation aid. When the bus arrives at the bus stand, transmitter in the bus transmits the light signals and receiver in the stick, receives the light signals and a sound signal is generated through the speaker present in the stick. The sound message contains the bus number and the destination of the bus. In addition to this, if the person is absconded or lost, details of the location will be sent to his/her family members by pressing a button. This is made possible with the help of Global System for Mobile (GSM). Finally, presence of water can be detected along the blind person’s path, with the help of water sensors.
EFFECT OF SILICON - RUBBER (SR) SHEETS AS AN ALTERNATIVE FILTER ON HIGH AND L...AM Publications
A digital radiography delivers a radiation dose to patients; therefore it poses potential risk to the patients. One effort to reduce dose is carried out using a radiation filter, e.g. Silicone Rubber (SR) sheet. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of the SR sheet on the high contrast objects (HCO) and the low contrast objects (LCO). The dose reduction was determined from attenuation x-rays before and after using the SR sheet. Assessment of HCO and LCO was observed from CDR TOR phantom at tube voltage of 48 kVp and tube current of 8 mAs. The physical parameter to assess image quality was the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) value in LCO. The maximum x-ray attenuation using the SR sheet is 48.82%. The visibility of the HCO remains the same, namely 16 objects; however the LCO slighly decreases from 14 objects to 13 objects after using the SR sheet. The SNR value decreases with an average value of 15.17%.Therefore, the SR sheet as a alternative filter has no effect on the HCO and has realtively little effect on the LCO. Thus, the SR sheet potentially is used for radiation protection in patients, especially on examinations that do not require low contrast resolution.
UTILIZATION OF IMMUNIZATION SERVICES AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE I...AM Publications
Immunization is the key strategy to curb communicable diseases which are the number one killer of children under five. Immunization prevents mortalities of approximating three million children under five annually. This study aimed to assess utilization of immunization services among children under five of age in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.
REPRESENTATION OF THE BLOCK DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM IN AN ANALYTICAL FORM F...AM Publications
The article presents the study of cryptographic transformations of the Kuznyechik algorithm in relation to differential analysis and the translation of their representations into a more convenient form for cryptanalysis. A simplification of the type of transformations of the algorithm to algebraic the form, in which cryptanalysis software will be more effective. Since the description of the algorithm in the analytical form allows for 16 cycles of execution of the shift register with linear feedback, each of which will be carried out 16 operations of multiplication and 15 operations of addition, reduced to 16 multiplying and 15 the operations of addition. The result is an algebraic form of a linear transformation (from a shift register with linear feedback to the multiplication of the matrix in a finite field). In the future, the algebraic type of transformation can be used to effectively carry out differential cryptanalysis.
Optical character recognition (OCR) is process of classification of optical patterns contained in a digital image. The process of OCR Recognition involves several steps including pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification. Pre-processing is for done the basic operation on input image like noise reduction which remove the noisy signal from image. Segmentation stage for segment the given image into line by line and segment each character from segmented line. Future extraction calculates the characteristics of character. A Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is used to classification contains the database and does the comparison.
Surveillance refers to the task of observing a scene, often for lengthy periods in search of particular objects or particular behaviour. This task has many applications, foremost among them is security (monitoring for undesirable behaviour such as theft or vandalism), but increasing numbers of others in areas such as agriculture also exist. Historically, closed circuit TV (CCTV) surveillance has been mundane and labour Intensive, involving personnel scanning multiple screens, but the advent of reasonably priced fast hardware means that automatic surveillance is becoming a realistic task to attempt in real time. Several attempts at this are underway.
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF WOOL KERATIN BASED CHITOSAN NANOFIBERS FOR AIR ...AM Publications
In this article, we have extracted keratin from deccani wool waste and prepared the wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers by electrospinning technique. The prepared nanofibers mat were prepared with different weight percent ratio like 1wt.%, 3wt.% and 5wt.% with respect to polymer i.e Chitosan. The physicochemical and filtration properties of wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were studied. Wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The filtration efficiency of keratin Chitosan nanofibers were investigated through DOP test and heavy metal removal capacity of evaluated through Atomic absorption spectroscopy. FTIR results were showed that Keratin gets compatible with Chitosan. XRD patterns revealed keratin was in crystalline nature and increase the crystalline nature of Chitosan nanofibers. FESEM images showed that uniform nanofibers generation with average fiber diameter 80nm. Nanofibers filtration efficiency against a particulate matter in air was obtained more than 99.53% and excellent property of removal of heavy metal.
ANALYSIS ON LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHMS IMPLEMENTATION ON CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIR...AM Publications
Cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the Internet instead of your computer's hard drive. The cloud is just a metaphor for the Internet. The elements involved in cloud computing are clients, data center and distributed server. One of the main problems in cloud computing is load balancing. Balancing the load means to distribute the workload among several nodes evenly so that no single node will be overloaded. Load can be of any type that is it can be CPU load, memory capacity or network load. In this paper we presented an architecture of load balancing and algorithm which will further improve the load balancing problem by minimizing the response time. In this paper, we have proposed the enhanced version of existing regulated load balancing approach for cloud computing by comping the Randomization and greedy load balancing algorithm. To check the performance of proposed approach, we have used the cloud analyst simulator (Cloud Analyst). Through simulation analysis, it has been found that proposed improved version of regulated load balancing approach has shown better performance in terms of cost, response time and data processing time.
A MODEL BASED APPROACH FOR IMPLEMENTING WLAN SECURITY AM Publications
This paper presents various security features and configurations commonly implemented in WLANs and their aggregated security levels and then proposes a model that enables implementation and evaluation of WLAN security
This is an overview of my career in Aircraft Design and Structures, which I am still trying to post on LinkedIn. Includes my BAE Systems Structural Test roles/ my BAE Systems key design roles and my current work on academic projects.