This document discusses a finite element analysis of thermal and mechanical stresses on an internal combustion engine piston. It begins with an introduction to pistons and the stresses they experience from high temperatures and pressures within the engine cylinder. It then describes a thermal analysis conducted using ANSYS software to model the piston's temperature distribution and calculate thermal stresses. The analysis applies thermal boundary conditions at different surfaces of the piston based on convection heat transfer calculations. The goal is to identify locations of maximum and minimum stress on the piston.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A COMBINED CYCLE GAS TURBINE UNDER VARYING OPERATING ...meijjournal
The combined cycle gas turbine integrates the Brayton cycle as topping cycle and the steam turbine
Rankine cycle as bottoming cycle in order to achieve higher thermal efficiency and proper utilization of
energy by minimizing the energy loss to a minimum. In this work, the effect of various operating
parameters such as maximum temperature and pressure of Rankine cycle, turbine inlet temperature and
pressure ratio of Brayton cycle on the net output work and thermal efficiency of the combine cycle are
investigated. The outcome of this work can be utilized in order to facilitate the design of a combined cycle
with higher efficiency and output work. A MATLAB simulation has been carried out to study the effects and
influences of the above mentioned parameters on the efficiency and work output.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Fins of Vary...ijtsrd
The Engine cylinder is one of the major automobile components, which is subjected to high temperature variations and thermal stresses. In order to cool the cylinder, fins are provided on the cylinder to increase the rate of heat transfer. By doing thermal analysis on the engine cylinder fins, it is helpful to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder. The principle implemented in this project is to increase the heat dissipation rate by using the invisible working fluid, nothing but air. As know, by increasing the surface area we can increase the heat dissipation rate, so designing such a large complex engine is very difficult. The main purpose of using these cooling fins is to cool the engine cylinder by air. The main aim of the project is to analyse the thermal properties by varying geometry, material, distance between the fins and thickness of cylinder fins. Parametric models of cylinder with fins have been developed to predict the transient thermal behaviour. The models are created by varying the geometry circular and also by varying thickness of the fins for both geometries. The 3D modelling software used is Pro/Engineer. Thermal analysis is done on the cylinder fins to determine variation temperature distribution over time. The analysis is done using ANSYS. Thermal analysis determines temperatures and other thermal quantities. In this thesis, using materials cast iron, Copper and Aluminium alloy 6082 are also for cylinder fin body. Thermal analysis is done using all the three materials by changing geometries, distance between the fins and thickness of the fins for the actual model of the cylinder fin body. K. Karthikeyan | C. Saravanan | Dr. T. Senthil Kumar"Enhancement of Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Fins of Varying Geometry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14327.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/14327/enhancement-of-heat-transfer-analysis-and-optimization-of-engine-fins-of-varying-geometry/k-karthikeyan
HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR FIN PPTSwathi Sagi
This document analyzes heat transfer of rectangular fins on an air-cooled internal combustion engine. The experiment aims to compare natural heat transfer of solid vertical fins to horizontal solid fins. The experimental setup includes an aluminum alloy fin attached to a cast iron cylinder bore filled with heated oil. Temperature measurements are taken at the fin root and tip over time for both vertical and horizontal fin orientations. Observations show faster cooling and higher initial root temperatures with vertical fins, indicating increased heat transfer effectiveness compared to horizontal fins. In conclusion, attaching a vertical fin rather than a horizontal fin can increase heat transfer coefficients and total heat dissipated.
Engineering Project involving design,manufacturing, testing of Fins( Heat exchanger for 2 wheeler). An analysis of heat transfer on fins with various geometrical perforations.
This document describes a finite element analysis simulation of thermal and mechanical stresses on a piston from a marine diesel engine. The piston model was developed in SolidWorks and imported into ANSYS for simulation. Boundary conditions including combustion pressure, temperature-dependent material properties, and heat transfer coefficients were applied. The results found that the highest stress was the coupled thermal-mechanical stress, which was below the material yield stress even at elevated temperatures, indicating the piston design would withstand operating stresses. The analysis provides useful information for piston design optimization.
This document outlines an assignment for students to evaluate the performance of a 4-stroke petrol engine. It discusses key performance parameters like power, efficiency, fuel consumption, emissions. The objective is for students to understand how to calculate speed, fuel use, air use, and evaluate exhaust smoke and emissions in order to optimize engine performance. Parameters like power, efficiency, emissions are defined and methods to test them such as using a dynamometer are described.
This document discusses the use of an "over-conductivity function" to model the natural cooling process in steam turbines. It summarizes previous research on modeling natural cooling and validates the over-conductivity approach on three additional turbines. The over-conductivity function replaces complex fluid dynamics with an equivalent higher conductivity, allowing faster simulations while maintaining 15-18°C accuracy compared to temperature measurements during natural cooling periods of over 100 hours.
Effect of different variables on heat transfer rate of four stroke si engine ...IAEME Publication
1. The document reviews research on factors that affect the heat transfer rate of fins on internal combustion engines. Increased fin thickness, larger numbers of fins, and higher fluid velocities can improve heat transfer but may also increase fuel consumption due to overcooling.
2. Material, geometry, perforations and notches, and environmental conditions also impact heat transfer. Copper fins perform better than aluminum but aluminum is more commonly used. Increased turbulence from modifications like perforations and notches can enhance heat transfer.
3. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations agree with experimental results and can be used to analyze different fin parameters, though overcooling at high velocities still needs to be addressed to reduce fuel consumption. Optimizing
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A COMBINED CYCLE GAS TURBINE UNDER VARYING OPERATING ...meijjournal
The combined cycle gas turbine integrates the Brayton cycle as topping cycle and the steam turbine
Rankine cycle as bottoming cycle in order to achieve higher thermal efficiency and proper utilization of
energy by minimizing the energy loss to a minimum. In this work, the effect of various operating
parameters such as maximum temperature and pressure of Rankine cycle, turbine inlet temperature and
pressure ratio of Brayton cycle on the net output work and thermal efficiency of the combine cycle are
investigated. The outcome of this work can be utilized in order to facilitate the design of a combined cycle
with higher efficiency and output work. A MATLAB simulation has been carried out to study the effects and
influences of the above mentioned parameters on the efficiency and work output.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Fins of Vary...ijtsrd
The Engine cylinder is one of the major automobile components, which is subjected to high temperature variations and thermal stresses. In order to cool the cylinder, fins are provided on the cylinder to increase the rate of heat transfer. By doing thermal analysis on the engine cylinder fins, it is helpful to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder. The principle implemented in this project is to increase the heat dissipation rate by using the invisible working fluid, nothing but air. As know, by increasing the surface area we can increase the heat dissipation rate, so designing such a large complex engine is very difficult. The main purpose of using these cooling fins is to cool the engine cylinder by air. The main aim of the project is to analyse the thermal properties by varying geometry, material, distance between the fins and thickness of cylinder fins. Parametric models of cylinder with fins have been developed to predict the transient thermal behaviour. The models are created by varying the geometry circular and also by varying thickness of the fins for both geometries. The 3D modelling software used is Pro/Engineer. Thermal analysis is done on the cylinder fins to determine variation temperature distribution over time. The analysis is done using ANSYS. Thermal analysis determines temperatures and other thermal quantities. In this thesis, using materials cast iron, Copper and Aluminium alloy 6082 are also for cylinder fin body. Thermal analysis is done using all the three materials by changing geometries, distance between the fins and thickness of the fins for the actual model of the cylinder fin body. K. Karthikeyan | C. Saravanan | Dr. T. Senthil Kumar"Enhancement of Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Fins of Varying Geometry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14327.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/14327/enhancement-of-heat-transfer-analysis-and-optimization-of-engine-fins-of-varying-geometry/k-karthikeyan
HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR FIN PPTSwathi Sagi
This document analyzes heat transfer of rectangular fins on an air-cooled internal combustion engine. The experiment aims to compare natural heat transfer of solid vertical fins to horizontal solid fins. The experimental setup includes an aluminum alloy fin attached to a cast iron cylinder bore filled with heated oil. Temperature measurements are taken at the fin root and tip over time for both vertical and horizontal fin orientations. Observations show faster cooling and higher initial root temperatures with vertical fins, indicating increased heat transfer effectiveness compared to horizontal fins. In conclusion, attaching a vertical fin rather than a horizontal fin can increase heat transfer coefficients and total heat dissipated.
Engineering Project involving design,manufacturing, testing of Fins( Heat exchanger for 2 wheeler). An analysis of heat transfer on fins with various geometrical perforations.
This document describes a finite element analysis simulation of thermal and mechanical stresses on a piston from a marine diesel engine. The piston model was developed in SolidWorks and imported into ANSYS for simulation. Boundary conditions including combustion pressure, temperature-dependent material properties, and heat transfer coefficients were applied. The results found that the highest stress was the coupled thermal-mechanical stress, which was below the material yield stress even at elevated temperatures, indicating the piston design would withstand operating stresses. The analysis provides useful information for piston design optimization.
This document outlines an assignment for students to evaluate the performance of a 4-stroke petrol engine. It discusses key performance parameters like power, efficiency, fuel consumption, emissions. The objective is for students to understand how to calculate speed, fuel use, air use, and evaluate exhaust smoke and emissions in order to optimize engine performance. Parameters like power, efficiency, emissions are defined and methods to test them such as using a dynamometer are described.
This document discusses the use of an "over-conductivity function" to model the natural cooling process in steam turbines. It summarizes previous research on modeling natural cooling and validates the over-conductivity approach on three additional turbines. The over-conductivity function replaces complex fluid dynamics with an equivalent higher conductivity, allowing faster simulations while maintaining 15-18°C accuracy compared to temperature measurements during natural cooling periods of over 100 hours.
Effect of different variables on heat transfer rate of four stroke si engine ...IAEME Publication
1. The document reviews research on factors that affect the heat transfer rate of fins on internal combustion engines. Increased fin thickness, larger numbers of fins, and higher fluid velocities can improve heat transfer but may also increase fuel consumption due to overcooling.
2. Material, geometry, perforations and notches, and environmental conditions also impact heat transfer. Copper fins perform better than aluminum but aluminum is more commonly used. Increased turbulence from modifications like perforations and notches can enhance heat transfer.
3. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations agree with experimental results and can be used to analyze different fin parameters, though overcooling at high velocities still needs to be addressed to reduce fuel consumption. Optimizing
Computational analysis of heat transfer through four-stroke S. I. engine finsijsrd.com
This document summarizes a computational analysis of heat transfer through the fins of a four-stroke spark ignition engine. The analysis numerically models and compares heat transfer from the engine cylinder with straight fins versus wavy fins. The engine cylinder is initially heated to 500°C and cooling rates are analyzed at wind velocities from 60-100 km/hr using computational fluid dynamics software. Results show that heat release is higher for the cylinder with wavy fins compared to straight fins at all wind velocities due to increased turbulence and heat transfer. The maximum heat release occurs at around 80 km/hr; higher velocities result in lower heat transfer due to reduced contact time between the air and fins. In conclusion, wavy fins provide better cooling efficiency for engines,
Experimentation and analysis of heat transfer through perforated fins of diff...SharathKumar528
Engineering Project by Abhijath HB, Dashartha H S, Akshay Mohanraj and Sharath Kumar M S involving analysis of Fins( Heat exchanging extensions) with various geometrical perforations.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The mean key variable to control the burner performance for safe and efficient operations is the amount of excess air or oxygen which flow to react with fuel. In accordance with Typical Draft Profile in a Natural Draft furnace the numerical results of computing fluid dynamics model of the air flow from the environment to the burner by adjusting the area of air box prototype openings will give the necessary information to adjust the performance of burner as optimum. The model of air box prototype is useful tool in applying similarity theory on another burners̕ designs which depends the air box tools to calibrate the quantity of combustion air flow to the burner.
FMP Fram Machinary And Power numericalsMehran Iqbal
This document contains 17 multi-part engineering questions regarding internal combustion engines. The questions cover topics such as: engine parameters including power, efficiency, airflow rates; air standard cycles; fuel-air cycles; carburetors; and fuel injection systems. Calculations are provided for power, pressures, temperatures, efficiencies, fuel flow rates, and more based on given engine specifications and operating conditions.
The document discusses internal combustion engines and their classification. It covers:
1) The different cycles of operation for IC engines including Otto, Diesel, and dual combustion cycles.
2) The assumptions and calculations used in air standard efficiency analysis which approximates real engine cycles.
3) Key parameters that determine thermal efficiency and work output for different cycles.
The document discusses a heat exchanger network synthesis project. It analyzes the heat flow of an industrial process initially and with a proposed heat integration case using pinch analysis. The initial case shows no heat recovery, while the proposed case introduces a cold utility and identifies a large heat recovery pocket. Utility savings of the proposed case are estimated at 98.2% compared to the initial case and base case without integration.
Basic Unit Conversions for Turbomachinery Calculations Vijay Sarathy
Turbomachinery equipment like centrifugal pumps & compressors have their performance stated as a function of Actual volumetric flow rate [Q] & Head [m/bar]. The following tutorial describes how pump/compressor head can be expressed in energy terms as ‘kJ/kg’. Turbomachinery head expressed in kJ/kg describes, how many kJ of energy is required to compress 1 kg of gas for a given pressure ratio. The advantage of using energy terms to estimate absorbed power is that it is based on the amount of ‘mass’ compressed which is independent of pressure and temperature of a fluid.
Abstract The requirement of energy in any processing industry is not only a need but it is indeed a most wanted utility. In a typical processing or manufacturing industry the most common utility are steam and cooling water. However the cost of these utility are no longer cheap, in fact they are expensive. Therefore saving these utility or minimizing the usage of these utilities is one of the most needed practice in a processing industry. Pinch technology is the most common method, which is aimed at minimizing the requirement of utilities by maximizing the process to process heat transfer. In the present study temperature interval diagram or TID is used to identify the targets for minimum utility requirement and maximum process to process heat transfer in a processing facility. The targets for heat exchanger network are presented and minimization of number of heat exchangers are provided using stream splitting technique. Keywords: Pinch design, stream splitting, HEN synthesis, Utilities, TID
This document discusses heat exchanger networks and energy recovery in industrial processes. It begins with an overview of topics like energy balances, pinch technology, and differential energy balances. It then covers specific techniques for energy recovery such as heat exchange, waste heat boilers, heat pumps, and using combustible wastes as fuels. Key concepts discussed include minimizing heat transfer across the pinch point, not using utilities below the pinch, and designing networks to maximize energy recovery and minimize utility usage.
This document discusses the thermal design of a simple boiler. It presents the calculation procedures for boiler design, focusing on heat transfer modes, heat and mass balances, and a worked example. The key points are:
- Heat transfer in boilers occurs via conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is not considered in simple calculations.
- Heat and mass balance equations relate the heat input from fuel to the heat output via steam as well as accounting for air and flue gas flows.
- A worked example calculates furnace conditions like flue gas temperature for a methane-fueled boiler, assuming radiation is the only heat transfer mode in the furnace. Tube bank calculations then determine the exit gas
This document presents a sequential coupled thermal-structural analysis of an aftermarket exhaust manifold made of SUS 441L stainless steel. A finite element model of the exhaust manifold was created in ANSYS Workbench 15.0 to simulate the temperature distribution and related thermal stresses and deformations under operating conditions. The thermal analysis calculated temperatures ranging from 150°C at the engine interface to 38°C at outer surfaces. These temperature results were mapped to a structural analysis to determine stresses, strains, and deformations induced by thermal expansion. The analysis aimed to ensure the material and design were appropriate to withstand operating stresses and temperatures.
Pinch analysis technique to optimize heat exchangerK Vivek Varkey
This document summarizes a student project applying pinch analysis to optimize the heat exchanger network (HEN) for a CFU unit at an ONGC Hazira plant. The student calculated heat duties for 5 heat exchangers and determined the minimum hot and cold utility requirements. By drawing temperature interval diagrams, the student designed an optimized HEN that couples process streams to maximize heat exchange and minimize utility needs. The optimized design was found to reduce heating utility needs by 83.4% and cooling needs by 33.8% compared to the current design.
The Effect of Using a Modified A/C System on the Cooling System Temperature o...IJERA Editor
This study investigates the effect of using A/C refrigerant to reduce the temperature of the coolant in a vehicle cooling system. An increase in coolant temperature due to harsh working conditions increases fuel consumption and leads to a reduction in engine power. Modifying vehicle air-conditioning by passing the suction line of the A/C system through the heat exchanger located in the lower part of the radiator (down flow type) can significantly improve the performance of the engine cooling system. The results show a reduction in the temperature of coolant within the cooling system, thus maintaining a controlled working temperature within the allowable limits
Analyze the thermal properties by varying geometry material and thickness of ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes research from multiple papers on analyzing the thermal properties of engine cylinder fins by varying the fin geometry, material, and thickness. The key points are:
1) A model of cylinder fins was created in ProEngineer and analyzed in ANSYS to determine temperatures, heat flux, and thermal gradients.
2) Simulations were run for rectangular fins made of materials like magnesium, aluminum alloys, and beryllium at thicknesses of 3mm and 2.5mm.
3) The simulations showed that reducing fin thickness from 3mm to 2.5mm increased heat transfer rates, with maximum rates reaching over 20W/mm2 for some materials.
Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Cylinder Fins of Varying Ge...IOSR Journals
: The main aim of the project is to analyze the thermal properties by varying geometry, material and
thickness of cylinder fins. Parametric models of cylinder with fins have been developed to predict the transient
thermal behavior. The models are created by varying the geometry, rectangular, circular and curved shaped
fins and also by varying thickness of the fins. The 3D modeling software used is Pro/Engineer.The analysis is
done using ANSYS. Presently Material used for manufacturing cylinder fin body is Aluminum Alloy 204 which
has thermal conductivity of 110-150W/mk. We are analyzing the cylinder fins using this material and also using
Aluminum alloy 6061 and Magnesium alloy which have higher thermal conductivities.
This document summarizes the results of a thermal analysis of a gas turbine power plant to improve performance efficiency. The analysis considers three gas turbine cycles: simple cycle, intercooled cycle, and regenerative cycle. For the intercooled cycle, the analysis found that thermal efficiency increases with higher intercooler effectiveness and decreases with higher ambient temperature. Compressor work also decreases with higher intercooler effectiveness. For the regenerative cycle, thermal efficiency decreases with higher ambient temperature and lower regenerator effectiveness. The regenerative cycle has higher thermal efficiency than the simple cycle under the same operating conditions. The analysis provides equations to calculate key performance parameters for optimizing efficiency.
A QUICK ESTIMATION METHOD TO DETERMINE HOT RECYCLE REQUIREMENTS FOR CENTRIFUG...Vijay Sarathy
Turbomachinery Engineers often conduct studies to determine if a hot gas bypass is required for a given centrifugal compressor system. This would mean building a process model and simulating it for Emergency Shutdown conditions (ESD) & Normal Shutdown conditions (NSD) to check if the compressor operating point crosses the surge limit line (SLL). A quick estimation method that uses dimensionless number called the inertia number can be used to check prior to the study, if a Hot gas bypass (a.k.a. Hot Recycle) is required in addition to an Anti-surge line (ASV or a.k.a Cold Recycle).
A study on the edm of al7075+3 wt%sic+3wt% b4c hybrid mmceSAT Journals
Abstract The objective of the project is to investigate the effect of current, pulse on time and pulse off time. For the proposed work Material removal rate (MRR) and Tool wear rate (TWR) were chosen as responses and Current, Pulse on time and pulse off time were chosen as process parameters. Hybrid Aluminium Silicon Carbide (Al 7075 + 3wt. % of SiCp+ 3wt. % of B4C) is used as work material and copper is used as tool material. Design of experiment technique is employed for the experimentation. The mathematical models are prepared by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique and Box Behnken Design (BBD) is selected to design the matrix for different combination of process parameters. After completion of the experiments analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 90% confidence level. Keywords: Current, Pulse on time, Pulse off time, Material removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR), Design of experiments (DOE), Response surface methodology (RSM), Box-Behken design (BBD), Analysis of variance (ANOVA).
OPTIMIZATION OF AN OPEN CYCLE GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT USING EXERGOECONOMICSijmech
The purpose of current study is to analyze the performance of an open cycle gas turbine power plant using
the concepts of exergoeconomics. Exergoeconomic technique involves the use of Second law of
thermodynamics and assigns monetary values to the thermodynamic quantity known as exergy. Analyses
based on exergoeconomic criteria are done for the open cycle gas turbine power plant turbine. The
methodology is illustrated using the example of a 25 MW open cycle gas turbine power plant. Optimization
has been done for the open cycle gas turbine power plant as tradeoffs between the unit product cost of the
compressor and combustion chamber as functions of compressor pressure ratio and unit product costs of
combustion chamber and gas turbine as functions of turbine inlet temperature.
IRJET- Comparsion of Heat Transfer Analysis of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger wit...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study comparing heat transfer in a double pipe heat exchanger with and without a phase change material (PCM). Cynamide, which melts at 44°C, was used as the PCM. Hot water at 33°C and cold water at 20°C were circulated through the heat exchangers. Temperatures were recorded every 15 minutes. With the PCM, heat transfer increased when its melting temperature was reached, as the PCM absorbed heat during its phase change. The maximum heat transfer and effectiveness occurred in the setup with the PCM pipe, showing around a 20% increase in effectiveness compared to the setup without PCM. Equations for determining the heat transfer rate, maximum
1. The report analyzes heat exchange properties of small scale Stirling engines through experiments testing different materials for heat exchangers, working fluids, and the addition of fins.
2. The experiments found that copper heat exchangers performed best at higher temperatures, and that the working fluid helium produced higher engine performance than air or carbon dioxide.
3. The addition of fins to the engine provided no significant benefit to performance in low temperature Stirling engines.
Computational analysis of heat transfer through four-stroke S. I. engine finsijsrd.com
This document summarizes a computational analysis of heat transfer through the fins of a four-stroke spark ignition engine. The analysis numerically models and compares heat transfer from the engine cylinder with straight fins versus wavy fins. The engine cylinder is initially heated to 500°C and cooling rates are analyzed at wind velocities from 60-100 km/hr using computational fluid dynamics software. Results show that heat release is higher for the cylinder with wavy fins compared to straight fins at all wind velocities due to increased turbulence and heat transfer. The maximum heat release occurs at around 80 km/hr; higher velocities result in lower heat transfer due to reduced contact time between the air and fins. In conclusion, wavy fins provide better cooling efficiency for engines,
Experimentation and analysis of heat transfer through perforated fins of diff...SharathKumar528
Engineering Project by Abhijath HB, Dashartha H S, Akshay Mohanraj and Sharath Kumar M S involving analysis of Fins( Heat exchanging extensions) with various geometrical perforations.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The mean key variable to control the burner performance for safe and efficient operations is the amount of excess air or oxygen which flow to react with fuel. In accordance with Typical Draft Profile in a Natural Draft furnace the numerical results of computing fluid dynamics model of the air flow from the environment to the burner by adjusting the area of air box prototype openings will give the necessary information to adjust the performance of burner as optimum. The model of air box prototype is useful tool in applying similarity theory on another burners̕ designs which depends the air box tools to calibrate the quantity of combustion air flow to the burner.
FMP Fram Machinary And Power numericalsMehran Iqbal
This document contains 17 multi-part engineering questions regarding internal combustion engines. The questions cover topics such as: engine parameters including power, efficiency, airflow rates; air standard cycles; fuel-air cycles; carburetors; and fuel injection systems. Calculations are provided for power, pressures, temperatures, efficiencies, fuel flow rates, and more based on given engine specifications and operating conditions.
The document discusses internal combustion engines and their classification. It covers:
1) The different cycles of operation for IC engines including Otto, Diesel, and dual combustion cycles.
2) The assumptions and calculations used in air standard efficiency analysis which approximates real engine cycles.
3) Key parameters that determine thermal efficiency and work output for different cycles.
The document discusses a heat exchanger network synthesis project. It analyzes the heat flow of an industrial process initially and with a proposed heat integration case using pinch analysis. The initial case shows no heat recovery, while the proposed case introduces a cold utility and identifies a large heat recovery pocket. Utility savings of the proposed case are estimated at 98.2% compared to the initial case and base case without integration.
Basic Unit Conversions for Turbomachinery Calculations Vijay Sarathy
Turbomachinery equipment like centrifugal pumps & compressors have their performance stated as a function of Actual volumetric flow rate [Q] & Head [m/bar]. The following tutorial describes how pump/compressor head can be expressed in energy terms as ‘kJ/kg’. Turbomachinery head expressed in kJ/kg describes, how many kJ of energy is required to compress 1 kg of gas for a given pressure ratio. The advantage of using energy terms to estimate absorbed power is that it is based on the amount of ‘mass’ compressed which is independent of pressure and temperature of a fluid.
Abstract The requirement of energy in any processing industry is not only a need but it is indeed a most wanted utility. In a typical processing or manufacturing industry the most common utility are steam and cooling water. However the cost of these utility are no longer cheap, in fact they are expensive. Therefore saving these utility or minimizing the usage of these utilities is one of the most needed practice in a processing industry. Pinch technology is the most common method, which is aimed at minimizing the requirement of utilities by maximizing the process to process heat transfer. In the present study temperature interval diagram or TID is used to identify the targets for minimum utility requirement and maximum process to process heat transfer in a processing facility. The targets for heat exchanger network are presented and minimization of number of heat exchangers are provided using stream splitting technique. Keywords: Pinch design, stream splitting, HEN synthesis, Utilities, TID
This document discusses heat exchanger networks and energy recovery in industrial processes. It begins with an overview of topics like energy balances, pinch technology, and differential energy balances. It then covers specific techniques for energy recovery such as heat exchange, waste heat boilers, heat pumps, and using combustible wastes as fuels. Key concepts discussed include minimizing heat transfer across the pinch point, not using utilities below the pinch, and designing networks to maximize energy recovery and minimize utility usage.
This document discusses the thermal design of a simple boiler. It presents the calculation procedures for boiler design, focusing on heat transfer modes, heat and mass balances, and a worked example. The key points are:
- Heat transfer in boilers occurs via conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is not considered in simple calculations.
- Heat and mass balance equations relate the heat input from fuel to the heat output via steam as well as accounting for air and flue gas flows.
- A worked example calculates furnace conditions like flue gas temperature for a methane-fueled boiler, assuming radiation is the only heat transfer mode in the furnace. Tube bank calculations then determine the exit gas
This document presents a sequential coupled thermal-structural analysis of an aftermarket exhaust manifold made of SUS 441L stainless steel. A finite element model of the exhaust manifold was created in ANSYS Workbench 15.0 to simulate the temperature distribution and related thermal stresses and deformations under operating conditions. The thermal analysis calculated temperatures ranging from 150°C at the engine interface to 38°C at outer surfaces. These temperature results were mapped to a structural analysis to determine stresses, strains, and deformations induced by thermal expansion. The analysis aimed to ensure the material and design were appropriate to withstand operating stresses and temperatures.
Pinch analysis technique to optimize heat exchangerK Vivek Varkey
This document summarizes a student project applying pinch analysis to optimize the heat exchanger network (HEN) for a CFU unit at an ONGC Hazira plant. The student calculated heat duties for 5 heat exchangers and determined the minimum hot and cold utility requirements. By drawing temperature interval diagrams, the student designed an optimized HEN that couples process streams to maximize heat exchange and minimize utility needs. The optimized design was found to reduce heating utility needs by 83.4% and cooling needs by 33.8% compared to the current design.
The Effect of Using a Modified A/C System on the Cooling System Temperature o...IJERA Editor
This study investigates the effect of using A/C refrigerant to reduce the temperature of the coolant in a vehicle cooling system. An increase in coolant temperature due to harsh working conditions increases fuel consumption and leads to a reduction in engine power. Modifying vehicle air-conditioning by passing the suction line of the A/C system through the heat exchanger located in the lower part of the radiator (down flow type) can significantly improve the performance of the engine cooling system. The results show a reduction in the temperature of coolant within the cooling system, thus maintaining a controlled working temperature within the allowable limits
Analyze the thermal properties by varying geometry material and thickness of ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes research from multiple papers on analyzing the thermal properties of engine cylinder fins by varying the fin geometry, material, and thickness. The key points are:
1) A model of cylinder fins was created in ProEngineer and analyzed in ANSYS to determine temperatures, heat flux, and thermal gradients.
2) Simulations were run for rectangular fins made of materials like magnesium, aluminum alloys, and beryllium at thicknesses of 3mm and 2.5mm.
3) The simulations showed that reducing fin thickness from 3mm to 2.5mm increased heat transfer rates, with maximum rates reaching over 20W/mm2 for some materials.
Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization of Engine Cylinder Fins of Varying Ge...IOSR Journals
: The main aim of the project is to analyze the thermal properties by varying geometry, material and
thickness of cylinder fins. Parametric models of cylinder with fins have been developed to predict the transient
thermal behavior. The models are created by varying the geometry, rectangular, circular and curved shaped
fins and also by varying thickness of the fins. The 3D modeling software used is Pro/Engineer.The analysis is
done using ANSYS. Presently Material used for manufacturing cylinder fin body is Aluminum Alloy 204 which
has thermal conductivity of 110-150W/mk. We are analyzing the cylinder fins using this material and also using
Aluminum alloy 6061 and Magnesium alloy which have higher thermal conductivities.
This document summarizes the results of a thermal analysis of a gas turbine power plant to improve performance efficiency. The analysis considers three gas turbine cycles: simple cycle, intercooled cycle, and regenerative cycle. For the intercooled cycle, the analysis found that thermal efficiency increases with higher intercooler effectiveness and decreases with higher ambient temperature. Compressor work also decreases with higher intercooler effectiveness. For the regenerative cycle, thermal efficiency decreases with higher ambient temperature and lower regenerator effectiveness. The regenerative cycle has higher thermal efficiency than the simple cycle under the same operating conditions. The analysis provides equations to calculate key performance parameters for optimizing efficiency.
A QUICK ESTIMATION METHOD TO DETERMINE HOT RECYCLE REQUIREMENTS FOR CENTRIFUG...Vijay Sarathy
Turbomachinery Engineers often conduct studies to determine if a hot gas bypass is required for a given centrifugal compressor system. This would mean building a process model and simulating it for Emergency Shutdown conditions (ESD) & Normal Shutdown conditions (NSD) to check if the compressor operating point crosses the surge limit line (SLL). A quick estimation method that uses dimensionless number called the inertia number can be used to check prior to the study, if a Hot gas bypass (a.k.a. Hot Recycle) is required in addition to an Anti-surge line (ASV or a.k.a Cold Recycle).
A study on the edm of al7075+3 wt%sic+3wt% b4c hybrid mmceSAT Journals
Abstract The objective of the project is to investigate the effect of current, pulse on time and pulse off time. For the proposed work Material removal rate (MRR) and Tool wear rate (TWR) were chosen as responses and Current, Pulse on time and pulse off time were chosen as process parameters. Hybrid Aluminium Silicon Carbide (Al 7075 + 3wt. % of SiCp+ 3wt. % of B4C) is used as work material and copper is used as tool material. Design of experiment technique is employed for the experimentation. The mathematical models are prepared by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique and Box Behnken Design (BBD) is selected to design the matrix for different combination of process parameters. After completion of the experiments analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 90% confidence level. Keywords: Current, Pulse on time, Pulse off time, Material removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR), Design of experiments (DOE), Response surface methodology (RSM), Box-Behken design (BBD), Analysis of variance (ANOVA).
OPTIMIZATION OF AN OPEN CYCLE GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT USING EXERGOECONOMICSijmech
The purpose of current study is to analyze the performance of an open cycle gas turbine power plant using
the concepts of exergoeconomics. Exergoeconomic technique involves the use of Second law of
thermodynamics and assigns monetary values to the thermodynamic quantity known as exergy. Analyses
based on exergoeconomic criteria are done for the open cycle gas turbine power plant turbine. The
methodology is illustrated using the example of a 25 MW open cycle gas turbine power plant. Optimization
has been done for the open cycle gas turbine power plant as tradeoffs between the unit product cost of the
compressor and combustion chamber as functions of compressor pressure ratio and unit product costs of
combustion chamber and gas turbine as functions of turbine inlet temperature.
IRJET- Comparsion of Heat Transfer Analysis of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger wit...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study comparing heat transfer in a double pipe heat exchanger with and without a phase change material (PCM). Cynamide, which melts at 44°C, was used as the PCM. Hot water at 33°C and cold water at 20°C were circulated through the heat exchangers. Temperatures were recorded every 15 minutes. With the PCM, heat transfer increased when its melting temperature was reached, as the PCM absorbed heat during its phase change. The maximum heat transfer and effectiveness occurred in the setup with the PCM pipe, showing around a 20% increase in effectiveness compared to the setup without PCM. Equations for determining the heat transfer rate, maximum
1. The report analyzes heat exchange properties of small scale Stirling engines through experiments testing different materials for heat exchangers, working fluids, and the addition of fins.
2. The experiments found that copper heat exchangers performed best at higher temperatures, and that the working fluid helium produced higher engine performance than air or carbon dioxide.
3. The addition of fins to the engine provided no significant benefit to performance in low temperature Stirling engines.
1) The document analyzes heat transfer in a double pipe heat exchanger with helical tape inserts in the annulus of the inner pipe using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
2) A 3D model is developed and simulations are run using the SST k-ω turbulent model to analyze how helical tape inserts influence heat transfer and pressure drop at different pitch lengths and Reynolds numbers.
3) The results show that helical tape inserts increase the heat transfer rate but also increase pressure drop due to flow disruption. Nusselt number and friction factor are found to correlate well with Reynolds number for enhancing heat transfer.
Validation of Design Parameters of Radiator using Computational ToolIRJET Journal
This document discusses the validation of design parameters for automobile radiators using computational tools. It presents two case studies where the thermal performance of radiators is analyzed using the log mean temperature difference (LMTD) and number of transfer units (NTU) methods and the results are compared to those from a computational software tool (HXCombine). The results show good agreement between the manual calculations and software outputs, validating the use of computational tools for radiator design. Parameters like heat transfer rate, outlet temperatures, effectiveness and heat transfer area are compared for both case studies. This research demonstrates that computational tools can accurately analyze and design radiator performance.
Use of Hydrogen in Fiat Lancia Petrol engine, Combustion Process and Determin...IOSR Journals
To our path towards green economy, Hydrogen is often regarded to have a potential growth in the
coming future. However, the high cost of operation of fuel cell has often been a setback. If we could make use of
hydrogen gas as a fuel directly, the scope of development broadens. Owing to these aspects, this work primarily
focuses on the simulation technique of an Internal Combustion Spark Ignition Engine powered by Hydrogen gas.
The simulations of various stages have been carried out using the discrete approach, thereby investigating the
pressures and temperatures at various instants in the cycle. For the relative performance discussion we have
simulated the different cycles as ideal cycle, air fuel cycle and actual cycle. The resultant cyclic graph indicates
various discrepancies between ideal, air fuel and actual cycle. This analysis serves as a tool for a better
understanding of the variables involved and helps in optimizing engine design and fixing of various parameters,
including the determination of valve timings. Besides this, backfire, is the commonly faced problem with the
hydrogen engines. To reduce this effect, a fuel injectoris used for adding the gaseous fuel to the combustion
chamber.
Analysis of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger With Helical FinsIRJET Journal
This document analyzes a double pipe heat exchanger with helical fins through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It aims to study the flow and temperature fields inside the tubes for different helical fin angles. The geometry of the double pipe heat exchanger is modeled in CATIA V5 and meshed in Hypermesh. CFD simulations are performed in ANSYS Fluent to analyze the flow and temperature distributions for fin angles of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 degrees. The results determine that heat transfer rate and overall heat transfer coefficient increase with helical fins compared to a smooth tube, with fins providing additional surface area to enhance heat transfer.
The document describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of heat transfer in a rectangular channel with blockages containing elongated holes. A model of the channel was created in design software and meshed before performing CFD simulations. The simulations analyzed how heat transfer coefficients and Nusselt numbers varied with the pitch ratio of the blockages for different Reynolds numbers. Results showed that heat transfer initially increased with pitch ratio up to a value of 6.0, then decreased with further increases, due to changes in flow reattachment. Blockages with shorter holes enhanced heat transfer more but also increased pressure drops more compared to longer holes. The CFD results were also validated against available experimental data, with good agreement.
Investigation of temperature and thermal stress in Disc BrakesVenkat Swaroop
1) The document investigates the temperature and thermal stress in a ventilated disc brake system during braking using a 3D thermo-mechanical coupling model.
2) It builds a multi-body model of the ventilated brake disc and pad assembly that considers heat generation at the contact interface as well as convection heat transfer.
3) The model simulates the braking process from an initial speed of 100 kph down to 0 kph over 4.72 seconds, calculating the temperature field, thermal stress, and thermal distortion at each time step for validation against experimental data.
This document summarizes a study that uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the flow and heat transfer characteristics of different elliptical pin fin heat sink configurations. The study aims to examine the effects of elliptical pin fin design parameters on heat sink performance. CFD simulations are conducted using ANSYS Fluent software to compute the thermal resistance, heat transfer coefficient, and surface Nusselt number of plate fin and elliptical pin fin heat sinks. Results show that the elliptical pin fin heat sink has better heat transfer performance than the plate fin heat sink. Simulation results for thermal resistance and pressure drop are validated against experimental data from previous studies.
Analysis of the Influence of Piston Cooling Cavity on Its Temperature FieldIJRES Journal
Engine piston cooling design is an important work of engine design. This article based on the finite
element analysis method, by studying two important structure parameters of the diesel engine piston, namely the
cooling oil cavity area and cooling oil cavity location, the diesel engine piston cooling effect and structure
parameters’ influences on the piston temperature field were studied. The results showed that: appropriately
increasing the cross-section of the cooling gallery is favorable for heat dissipation, but over-dimension will lead to
small cooling liquid filling ratio and thus impede the cooling; The movements of cooling gallery of the piston will
have great effect on the top of the piston, the combustion chamber, the fire shore, the first ring shore and the top of
the inner chamber. The research of this paper provides a basis for engine piston cooling design.
Fatigue Analysis of Acetylene converter reactorIJMER
The structural integrity of mechanical components during several transients should be
assured in the design stage. This requires a fatigue analysis including thermal and structural analysis. As
an example, this study performs a fatigue analysis of the acetylene converter reactor during arbitrary
transients. Using heat transfer coefficients determined based on the operating environments, a transient
thermal analysis is performed and the results are applied to a finite element model along with the
pressure to calculate the stresses. The total stress intensity range and cumulative fatigue usage factor are
investigated to determine the adequacy of the design
Layer-Type Power Transformer Thermal Analysis Considering Effective Parameter...AEIJjournal2
Since large power transformers belong to the most valuable assets in electrical power networks it is
suitable to pay higher attention to these operating resources. Thermal impact leads not only to long-term
oil/paper-insulation degradation; it is also a limiting factor for the transformer operation. Therefore, the
knowledge of the temperature, especially the hottest spot (HST) temperature, is of high interest. This paper
presents steady state temperature distribution of a power transformer layer-type winding using conjugated
heat transfer analysis, therefore energy and Navier-Stokes equations are solved using finite difference
method. Meanwhile, the effects of load conditions and type of oil on HST are investigated using the model.
Oil in the transformer is assumed nearly incompressible and oil parameters such as thermal conductivity,
special heat, viscosity, and density vary with temperature. Comparing the results with those obtained from
finite integral transform checks the validity and accuracy of the proposed method
This document summarizes the development of a small 50W class Stirling engine. Key points include:
- A gamma type Stirling engine was designed with a simple moving-tube heat exchanger and Rhombic mechanism. The target was 50W output at 4000rpm.
- Performance tests without load used air and showed the engine could run. Higher heat exchanger performance and lower mechanical losses are needed to reach targets.
- Mechanical loss measurements under pressure found friction torque increased linearly with speed. The viscosity coefficient was determined to be 2.03×10-4 (Nms).
This document summarizes a study on predicting creep life for gas turbine discs. Creep is an important design consideration for gas turbine components operating at high temperatures. The study models a typical gas turbine disc and analyzes temperature distribution, stresses, and creep strains using finite element analysis. An Inconel 718 disc is modeled and analyzed to determine creep life and emphasize creep considerations in gas turbine disc design. Thermal, stress, and creep analyses are performed to evaluate creep life and strains at different stress levels over time.
Optimization of a Shell and Tube Condenser using Numerical MethodIJERA Editor
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of installation of the tube external surfaces, their parameter and variable in a shell-and-tube condenser. Variation of heat transfer coefficient with each variable of shell and tube condenser was measured each test. The optimization tube outside diameter size was analyzed and use extended surface area attached tube with tube material and tube layout and arrangement (Number of tube a triangular or hexagonal arrangement) on shell-and tube condenser. The computer programming was used to get faster output in less time. Results suggest that mean heat transfer coefficient in variable condition were mainly at velocity is fixed. And also average additional surfaces and tube layout and the arrangement comparison with the quantity of the heat transfer.
Design and Thermal Analysis of Hydraulic Oil Cooler by using Computational Fl...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study analyzing the thermal performance of a hydraulic oil cooler using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It involves:
1) Designing a hydraulic oil cooler with cross-flow heat exchanger cores to transfer heat from hot hydraulic oil into ambient air.
2) Developing a thermal model and equations to calculate heat transfer rates, oil/air temperatures, heat transfer coefficients, and surface area required.
3) Validating the model through experimental testing of an oil cooler setup and comparing predicted vs actual temperature values.
This document analyzes heat transfer from a finned-tube heat exchanger. It begins with an introduction to heat exchangers and finned tubes, then presents the problem statement analyzing heat transfer from a pipe with annular fins exposed to glycol fluid. Calculations are shown for heat transfer with and without fins, finding a 16.81 kW rate with fins and 15.28 kW without. Simulation in ANSYS is used to verify the calculations, finding 18.93 kW with fins and 15.28 kW without. Mesh refinement could improve accuracy between simulated and theoretical values.
This document summarizes a numerical simulation study of entropy generation in centrifugal compressors for micro-turbine applications with different exit blade angles. The study used 3D CFD simulations to analyze the flow field and quantify entropy generation from the inlet to outlet of compressors with 10-50 degree exit blade angles. The results showed entropy generation of around 60 J/kgK from the 0.1-0.6 streamwise locations where flow was parallel to the inlet, but around 480 J/kgK from 0.6-1.0 locations where deformation was high due to separation and leakage flows. Increased exit blade angle reduced entropy generation in the 0.6-1.0 locations by alleviating shear layers at the exit
IRJET-Enhancing the Performance of Hybrid Microgrid using non Isolated Single...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes heat transfer in a light passenger car radiator with various geometrical configurations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It studies a staggered fin-and-tube radiator with circular and oval tubes. The radiator is modeled and analyzed in FLUENT to obtain velocity, temperature, and pressure contours. Oval tubes are found to improve heat transfer compared to circular tubes. Specifically, oval tube configurations reduce temperature differences between the tubes and air, indicating more efficient heat absorption. While circular tubes show higher temperatures, oval tube designs enhance convection and lower outlet temperatures. In conclusion, varying the tube shape geometrically through oval designs improves the radiator's thermal performance.
IRJET- Calculating BLDC Stator Temperature and Relationships with Other Param...IRJET Journal
This document discusses methods for calculating the temperature of a BLDC stator. It describes three main methods: 1) numerical simulation using software like Matlab and ANSYS, 2) using a thermal network model and heat transfer equations in Matlab, and 3) real experimental testing of stator temperature under operating conditions. The key relationships between temperature, torque, power, and motor speed are also analyzed both theoretically and numerically to develop mathematical models of temperature.
Similar to A Finite Element Thermo-Mechanical Stress Analysis of IC Engine Piston (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
This is an overview of my current metallic design and engineering knowledge base built up over my professional career and two MSc degrees : - MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology University of Portsmouth graduated 1st May 1998, and MSc in Aircraft Engineering Cranfield University graduated 8th June 2007.
Covid Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
CoVID-19 sprang up in Wuhan China in November 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the in January 2020 World Health Organization (WHO). Like the Spanish flu of 1918 that claimed millions of lives, the COVID-19 has caused the demise of thousands with China, Italy, Spain, USA and India having the highest statistics on infection and mortality rates. Regardless of existing sophisticated technologies and medical science, the spread has continued to surge high. With this COVID-19 Management System, organizations can respond virtually to the COVID-19 pandemic and protect, educate and care for citizens in the community in a quick and effective manner. This comprehensive solution not only helps in containing the virus but also proactively empowers both citizens and care providers to minimize the spread of the virus through targeted strategies and education.
Cricket management system ptoject report.pdfKamal Acharya
The aim of this project is to provide the complete information of the National and
International statistics. The information is available country wise and player wise. By
entering the data of eachmatch, we can get all type of reports instantly, which will be
useful to call back history of each player. Also the team performance in each match can
be obtained. We can get a report on number of matches, wins and lost.
Data Communication and Computer Networks Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Networking is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. In
computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data
connections. Data is transferred in the form of packets. The connections between nodes are
established using either cable media or wireless media.
An In-Depth Exploration of Natural Language Processing: Evolution, Applicatio...DharmaBanothu
Natural language processing (NLP) has
recently garnered significant interest for the
computational representation and analysis of human
language. Its applications span multiple domains such
as machine translation, email spam detection,
information extraction, summarization, healthcare,
and question answering. This paper first delineates
four phases by examining various levels of NLP and
components of Natural Language Generation,
followed by a review of the history and progression of
NLP. Subsequently, we delve into the current state of
the art by presenting diverse NLP applications,
contemporary trends, and challenges. Finally, we
discuss some available datasets, models, and
evaluation metrics in NLP.