Africa before imperialism cp 2012
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The document discusses Africa before and during the period of European imperialism. It describes how early interactions involved trading between Africans and Europeans, with Africans controlling the trade. It then explains how the slave trade developed and how Europeans gained power through technological advances like quinine, steam engines, and maxim guns. Finally, it summarizes how European countries colonized Africa following the Berlin Conference where they arbitrarily divided the continent without African representation.
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Imperialism in Africa
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1. European powers met in Berlin, Germany in 1884-1885 to divide up Africa among themselves, without any African representatives present. They agreed territories could be claimed if a power established effective occupation and economic development.
2. This led to the colonization of almost all of Africa and the elimination of independent African states, with the exception of Ethiopia. Colonial powers controlled politics and economies and exploited resources and labor.
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Age of Imperialism Introduction
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Colonialism and imperialism
1. Colonialism and imperialism arose in the late 19th century as European powers sought to expand their territories for economic, political, and cultural reasons. Major factors driving expansion included the desire for raw materials, new markets, and national prestige.
2. The largest colonial empires were the British and French empires. Conflicts arose as powers competed for territory in Africa and elsewhere. The Berlin Conference formalized the "scramble for Africa" and partitioned the continent.
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India before imperialism
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British imperialism in india role play
The British took control of India in the 18th century after defeating the French. They established the British East India Company to rule through economic imperialism. This had negative economic impacts on India by restricting its industries and forcing it to grow cash crops. In the 1850s, rumors of contaminated rifle cartridges led sepoys to rebel against British rule, sparking the Sepoy Mutiny. The rebellion spread widely but ultimately failed due to disagreements between Hindu and Muslim groups. In the late 19th century, Indian nationalist movements emerged calling for independence and equal rights under the British Raj. Tensions continued to rise, with figures like Gandhi advocating nonviolent resistance, until India was finally granted independence in 1947 after over a
Nigeria and south africa
The document defines and provides examples of different types of colonial rule:
- Direct control refers to when a stronger country takes over the government of a weaker country completely.
- Indirect control is when a weaker country's leader remains in power but is controlled by the stronger country, like a puppet.
- A sphere of influence gives an outside power exclusive trading privileges in another country.
- Informal empire refers to independent but less developed nations controlled by private businesses rather than governments.
Japan modernizes cp 2012
Japan was isolated for most of its history, but in 1853 four US navy ships arrived demanding Japan open trade. Intimidated, Japan signed a treaty in 1854 granting trading privileges to the US. The Japanese people were unhappy with foreign influence in their country. Emperor Mutsuhito took control and began modernizing Japan based on Western models, sending representatives to study governments in Germany, navies in Britain, and education in the US. Within 30 years, Japan built up significant infrastructure like railroads, industry, and a strong military, transitioning from a feudal to modern state.
China’s fall to foreign influence cp 2012
China had a long history of self-sufficiency and technological advancement before the 18th century when they first encountered Western influence. They produced enough crops and goods like porcelain to support their population without needing trade. In the 18th century, a British ambassador showed Chinese inventions like clocks and balloons to the emperor, but China was unimpressed as they already had more advanced versions. In the 19th century, the British began smuggling highly addictive opium into China against the Chinese government's wishes. When China tried to stop the opium trade, it led to the Opium War in 1839 where Britain easily defeated China's outdated navy. In 1842, China was forced to sign the unequal Treaty of Nanjing
Introduction to imperialism
This document provides an introduction to imperialism, including its definition and different types. Imperialism is when a powerful nation dominates other countries politically, economically, or socially. There are four main types of imperialism discussed: colonies, protectorates, spheres of influence, and economic imperialism. The document then examines potential motives for why nations practice imperialism, such as exploratory, political, ideological, religious, and economic goals. Nations may seek to map new territories, control other governments, civilize foreign populations, convert people to their religion, or gain access to raw materials and trade.
Industrial revolution philosophers
The document discusses several economic ideas that emerged during the Industrial Revolution, including laissez-faire economics advocated by Adam Smith. Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo built on Smith's ideas and believed that population growth would lead to a permanent underclass of poor workers with declining wages. Utilitarians like Jeremy Bentham believed the goal should be maximum benefit for most people. Socialists advocated public ownership of resources and factories to reduce inequality. Karl Marx proposed communism, with public ownership and no private property. Workers joined unions to advocate for better conditions.
Effects of industrialization cp 2012
Industrialization led to rapid urbanization as people moved to cities for new factory jobs. This overwhelmed existing city infrastructure and resources, resulting in unsanitary living conditions and the spread of sickness. Factory work also had long hours, dangerous conditions and low pay for unskilled laborers. Industrialization created a new social hierarchy, with a growing middle class and a greater divide between rich and poor.
Industrial revolution philosophers cp 2012
The document discusses several economic and political philosophies that emerged during the Industrial Revolution, including:
- Laissez-faire capitalism as proposed by Adam Smith, allowing businesses to operate freely without government regulation.
- Utilitarianism as introduced by Jeremy Bentham, which said societies and policies should be judged based on their overall usefulness and benefit to the population.
- Socialism in which the public owns the means of production to benefit all people and prevent poverty.
- Communism as envisioned by Karl Marx in which all land, businesses, and property are publicly owned and shared equally.
- Workers organizing unions and trade associations to collectively bargain for better working conditions and reforms through strikes
Napoleon’s conquests cp 2013
Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of France in 1804 after gaining support through a plebiscite. He then began conquering other European countries to build a French empire. However, his invasion of Russia in 1812 using a scorched earth policy by the Russians resulted in the loss of 300,000 men, weakening his army. This led to the formation of the Third Coalition against Napoleon. After trying and failing to defeat the Coalition at the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was finally defeated and exiled to St. Helena, bringing his reign to an end.
French rev role play cp
The document describes the political turmoil in France during the French Revolution from 1789-1799. Key events include peasants rebelling in 1789, the creation of the National Assembly and Declaration of Rights of Man, Maximilien Robespierre gaining power in 1792 and instituting the Reign of Terror by executing opponents, Robespierre then being overthrown and executed in 1794, and the unstable Directory government being replaced by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799 who establishes himself as ruler.
French revolution begins cp 2013
Under the Old Regime system in France, there were three estates - clergy, nobility, and commoners. The king had absolute power and the estates system meant commoners (Third Estate) faced heavy taxes and had no political rights. As Enlightenment ideas spread and economic troubles grew, resentment toward the monarchy and inequality increased. The meeting of the Estates-General in 1789 failed to address these issues, fueling the revolution as the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and commoners stormed the Bastille prison in Paris, marking the start of the French Revolution.
French revolution begins honors 2013
The document provides historical context about life in France under the Old Regime prior to the French Revolution. It describes how the system was structured around an absolute monarch and three estates, with the Third Estate (commoners) facing heavy taxation while having no political rights or say in government. Dissatisfaction grew as Enlightenment ideas spread and as the American Revolution inspired calls for more freedoms and representative government. Economic troubles further fueled unrest leading up to the start of the French Revolution.
Government and economics 2013
The document discusses changes to government and economics brought about by Enlightenment thinkers. It provides background on the Enlightenment and explains that thinkers used reason and science rather than religion. It then discusses several Enlightenment philosophers' ideas that challenged absolute monarchy and divine right of kings, including theories of social contracts, separation of powers, and individual rights proposed by thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Hobbes. It also explains Adam Smith's ideas of laissez-faire economics that formed the basis for modern capitalism.
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Africa before imperialism cp 2012
- 2. AFRICA IS NOT A COUNTRY!!! O Africa is a continent. It has many different countries in it, that speak different languages, and have different religions and ethnicities.
- 3. Early European Interactions O Europeans began regularly trading with Africans back in the 1400s. O Africans controlled the trade because they had stronger militaries than Europe. O Europeans were also hesitant to explore too far into Africa because of malaria.
- 4. Slave Trade Over time Europeans began trading slaves with the Africans. This led to Triangle Trade or trade between three continents of slaves, raw materials, and finished products.
- 5. Europeans Gain Power O Europeans discovered quinine which prevented malaria and developed the Maxim Gun which was stronger than African weapons. O The steam engine was a new invention that helped Europeans navigate the rivers of Africa.
- 6. Fight Over Africa O Now that Europeans had the technology they had more power. O Belgium had one of the first colonies in Africa. O European countries saw how much money Belgium was making off their colony and wanted colonies too.
- 7. Berlin Conference O 14 European nations met at the Berlin Conference (1884 – 1885) to decide how to divide up Africa. O No one from Africa was invited to the conference, so the Europeans divided up the country how they wanted.
- 9. Big Ideas 1 O Racism – the belief that one group of people is better than another – Europeans believed they were better than the Africans. O Social Darwinism – the belief that naturally there is one stronger group and one weaker group – Europeans believed they were the stronger group and Africans were the weaker group.
- 10. Big Ideas 2 O Industrialization – Europeans needed more raw materials to run machines. O Nationalism – Europeans wanted to show how strong their nations were by dominating the African nations. O Missionaries – many missionaries went to Africa to convert the people to Christianity and spread their beliefs.
- 11. Big Ideas 3 O Technology – with the invention of the steam engine Europeans were able to travel into the interior of Africa. The invention of the Maxim Gun also gave Europeans the upper hand. O Quinine – malaria was a concern for many Europeans, but quinine prevented malaria, so this allowed them to be more courageous.