Ageing is a universal process that causes multidimensional changes to the human body and mind over time. Physiologically, ageing impacts systems like sensory organs, skin, muscles, bones, heart, kidneys, and reproductive organs, generally causing deterioration. Psychologically, ageing can impact memory, processing speed, and mood. Socially, common challenges of ageing include retirement, loss of friends and family, loneliness, loss of independence and status, and depression.
The document discusses adolescent alcohol abuse and its effects. It covers the challenges of adolescence and how alcohol abuse can stem from social pressures. Data shows high rates of underage drinking and binge drinking. Short term effects include poor academics and risky behaviors, while long term effects comprise health issues, addiction, and limited opportunities. The document provides resources for treatment and support.
The document discusses various aging-related changes that can occur in the human body as people grow older. It covers changes that may happen in several body systems including sensory systems, brain and nervous system, muscles and bones, gastrointestinal tract, skin, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, endocrine system, and reproductive system. Some key points made are that aging is a normal process, various systems may slow down or lose fine-tuning with age, lifestyle can impact the degree of changes, and steps can be taken to help maximize independence as people age.
Physiological changes that occur with aging include:
1. Declines in organ function such as reduced brain weight, metabolism, kidney function, and lung capacity compared to age 30.
2. Skin changes like wrinkling, loss of fat and pigment, and age spots. Musculoskeletal changes involve arthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia.
3. Gastrointestinal changes are reductions in secretion, motility, and muscle tone/strength. Cardiopulmonary changes include stiffening arteries and elevated blood pressure. Urinary changes are smaller bladder capacity and delayed micturation reflex.
This document discusses coping with loss and grief. It begins by defining actual and maturational loss, and describing physical manifestations when approaching death. It then discusses outward expressions of loss, the period of mourning, and common symptoms experienced during grief including physical, psychological, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. It describes complicated grief and factors that influence coping with loss like human development, personal relationships, and culture. Techniques for grief counseling are provided, emphasizing letting the grieving talk about the deceased, distinguishing grief from depression, and helping organize their grief.
Long-term alcohol use has numerous physical effects on the body. It dehydrates the skin, making it dull, dry, wrinkled and prone to broken capillaries, particularly on the face and nose. Heavy drinking also damages the eyes, throat, esophagus, heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, reproductive system and increases risks of various cancers and diseases. Physical signs include bruises, cuts, and a characteristic smell from the liver struggling to process alcohol. Serious long-term implications include cirrhosis, various cancers, heart and liver damage, strokes and other health problems. Mental health is also affected with risks of depression, memory loss, and dementia.
The document discusses the causes of alcoholism according to a group project. It lists several potential factors, including genetics, psychological factors like anxiety relief, social factors like peer pressure, and using alcohol to cope with personal problems. It also describes different types of drinkers from moderate to dependent. For young people, alcohol is used as a way to reduce inhibitions and fit in socially. The main reasons youth consume alcohol is the belief that it leads to positive effects like joy and social integration with peers.
PREVIEW OF EMT/EMR GERIATRIC EMERGENCIES POWERPOINT TRAINING PRESENTATIONBruce Vincent
Discusses the problems that are often seen in the elderly patients including demographics, sensory problems, changes in body systems, myocardial infarction, heart failure (CHF), pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, dementia, neuropathy, delirium, gastrointestinal bleeding, and medication use issues. Presentation is over 95 slides in length. Recommended classroom time is 8 hours and 4 hours lab time.
Understanding the Chronic Illnesses Affecting Senior Living ResidentsSenior Living U
The well-being of your residents is the top priority of your team members. Using information from the Center for Disease Control on the most common chronic conditions affecting residential care residents, we've created this resource to help your staff understand what's happening in a resident's body when he or she suffers from these diseases. We've also outlined the warning signs to help them recognize changes in a resident who may be developing a chronic condition.
This document discusses the health risks of alcohol consumption and provides information about different types of alcoholic beverages. It notes that while most Canadians drink alcohol in moderation, excessive drinking can negatively impact health and cause issues like motor vehicle accidents. Both short-term and long-term health effects of alcohol are described, including increased risk of diseases like cancer and brain damage. The document also covers specific alcoholic drinks like beer, vodka, rum, tequila, wine, schnapps, gin, and whisky.
This document discusses alcoholism and the causes and types of alcoholism. It notes that there is no single cause of alcoholism but that psychological factors like anxiety relief and low self-esteem, as well as social factors like social acceptance of drinking, may play a role in its development. Genetics and social environment can also influence alcoholism. The document outlines different types of drinkers, including moderate drinkers, regular drinkers, and alcoholics characterized by physical and mental dependence on alcohol.
This document discusses normal age-related changes to the respiratory system and secondary changes that can occur. As people age, bones become weaker leading to structural changes in the rib cage and spine that reduce lung capacity. Respiratory muscles also weaken over time. The immune system decreases as well, increasing risk of infection. Mobility issues further limit respiratory muscle strengthening. Common pulmonary disorders in the elderly include asthma, COPD, pulmonary hypertension, and sleep apnea. Treatment focuses on bronchodilators, antibiotics, oxygen supplementation, and lifestyle changes. Support groups can help elderly individuals cope with respiratory changes.
Alcohol consumption can have wide-ranging physiological, psychological, social, and religious impacts. Physiologically, alcohol is a toxin that can damage organs like the liver and brain with both short and long-term use. Psychologically, alcoholism involves the powerful addiction, rationalization of use, and denial of problems. Religiously, most major faiths prohibit alcohol due to its intoxicating effects and role in sin. Socially, alcoholism can negatively impact individuals, families, and entire communities through issues like crime, health costs, and loss of productivity.
Long-term alcohol use can have significant physical effects on the body. It dehydrates the skin, leading to a dull, dry and wrinkled complexion with dilated capillaries causing redness in the nose and face. Heavy drinking also causes bloodshot eyes and sometimes jaundice. The throat, stomach, and intestines become irritated and damaged, increasing risks of ulcers, bleeding, and cancer. The liver accumulates fat and becomes inflamed and scarred over time. Heavy drinking weakens the heart, increases blood pressure and risk of heart attacks and strokes. It also damages the lungs, brain, and reproductive system. Long-term effects include serious conditions like cirrhosis, various cancers, heart and
1. The document provides information about alcohol use and abuse, including definitions, health risks, laws, and guidelines. It aims to educate college students about making responsible decisions regarding alcohol.
2. Key statistics are presented, such as binge drinking being most common among ages 18-20 and alcohol poisoning being a medical emergency. Consequences of irresponsible drinking discussed include accidents, injuries, addiction, and legal penalties.
3. Resources for alcohol abuse problems are listed, including Alcoholics Anonymous, Al-Anon, and national hotlines. The document encourages seeking help if needed.
This document discusses the effects of drinking alcohol on the body. It notes that alcohol is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream after drinking. Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to diseases like cirrhosis, which destroys liver cells and causes scarring of the liver, and cardiomyopathy, which causes enlargement and weakening of the heart muscle. Alcohol abuse is also linked to increased risk of high blood pressure, stroke, violence and aggression. The level of intoxication from the same amount of alcohol depends on weight, as heavier people diffuse alcohol across a larger body surface area.
- The document discusses the harmful effects of alcohol on health, including its impact as a depressant on the brain and nervous system, short and long term health risks, and damage to the liver over time.
- Long term alcohol abuse can seriously damage the liver, potentially causing cirrhosis or scarring of the liver tissue and preventing it from functioning properly.
- Alcoholism is characterized as both a physical and psychological dependence on alcohol that can impair one's ability to work, study, and socialize normally.
This document discusses alcohol and its effects on the body, with a focus on kids aged 5-8. It explains that alcohol is a drug that can impair judgment and coordination even in small amounts. With more alcohol, people can become violent or pass out. Heavy drinking can lead to alcoholism or alcohol poisoning. The document warns of the health and legal risks of underage drinking and discusses why kids may be tempted to drink, despite ads not showing the full consequences.
This document provides information about Alzheimer's disease, including its stages and symptoms. It discusses the history and increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's. Caregiving challenges are outlined, as are legal and support resources. The role of social workers in assisting those with Alzheimer's and their families is explored, including engaging in multi-disciplinary teams, linking clients to services, and advocating for increased funding and awareness.
Alcohol affects many parts of the body. It initially causes an energizing effect but is actually a depressant that slows the central nervous system. As more alcohol is consumed, it impairs judgment, motor skills, and can lead to intoxication or even loss of consciousness. The liver works to break down alcohol but drinking too much overwhelms this system. Long term heavy use can damage the liver and brain. Fetal alcohol syndrome may also result if a pregnant woman drinks.
Elderly physical and physiological changes and nutrient requirementsT. Tamilselvan
Physical and physiological changes occur as part of the aging process. Nutritional requirements also change in older adults. Adequate nutrition is important for preventing and managing common health issues in aging. Key nutrients that influence aging include protein, vitamins, and minerals. Maintaining sufficient intake of these nutrients can help support physical and cognitive functioning in the elderly.
This document discusses various biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging. It covers changes that occur in multiple body systems with age, including sensory, neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, and integumentary systems. Psychological changes discussed include intellectual functioning, learning ability, and common mental health problems among older adults like dementia and depression. Social theories of aging are also summarized such as disengagement theory, activity theory, selectivity theory, and continuity theory. The document provides an overview of the aging process from biological and multi-dimensional perspectives.
This document discusses physical and cognitive changes that occur in late adulthood, beginning at age 60. It describes age-related declines in various body systems and senses. Diseases like Alzheimer's become more common with age. Late adulthood is a diverse period, with people aged 65-74 generally healthy but those over 85 often needing care. Discrimination against the elderly is also addressed.
Presentation on Physical Development in later stages of Adulthood in humans. Physical Development has growth patterns including growth of organs, snesory abilities, muscles etc.
Ankit Patel presented on care of the elderly. The document defined elderly as over 65 years old and discussed care needs unique to seniors. It described the normal aging process, including biological, psychological, sociocultural, and sexual changes that occur. Biologically, aging impacts nearly every system of the body, slowing functions and decreasing abilities over time in areas like memory, mobility, and senses. Psychologically, grief and loss are cumulative, and psychiatric disorders are more common in elderly. Socially, aging can bring respect or negative stereotypes depending on culture.
This document discusses aging and the elderly population. It notes that the worldwide population of those over age 60 will reach 2 billion by 2050. Aging is studied through gerontology and people are considered "elderly" from ages 60-85 and "very old" over age 85. Physically, aging can cause declines in vision, hearing, smell, taste and increased susceptibility to illness. Cognitive declines like memory loss may also occur. Socially, elderly tend to withdraw and reflect on their lives. Theories of aging include disengagement theory and activity theory. Issues facing the elderly include abuse, loneliness, poverty, health problems, and discrimination. Effects of aging include physical, psychological and social changes.
A man's life is normally divided into five main stages namely infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age. In each of these stages an individual has to find himself in different situations and face different problems. The old age is not without problems. In old age physical strength deteriorates, mental stability diminishes; money power becomes bleak coupled with negligence from the younger generation.
NURSING CARE OF ELDERLY BY RAKESH SINGHRakesh Singh
This document provides an overview of nursing care for the elderly. It begins by defining elderly as over 65 years old and outlines the normal aging process, which includes biological, psychological, sociocultural, and sexual aspects. Biologically, aging impacts nearly every system of the body, slowing functions and decreasing abilities. Psychologically, memory changes and the ability to learn new information remains intact. Socially, aging can bring losses and the elderly desire respect and dignity.
Precise guide for DGNM, B.Sc Nursing & M.Sc Nursing Students .. regarding Age Related Problems / Geriatric problems, and its management. Highly recommended for II B.Sc Nursing Students.
This document summarizes several physiological changes that occur with aging across multiple body systems. It notes that wrinkling of the skin increases with age as muscle movement is recorded on the face over time. Arthritis becomes more common in older adults, especially osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which cause inflammation and wearing away of joints. The musculoskeletal system also experiences sarcopenia, or loss of muscle mass, as well as osteopenia and potential osteoporosis, or loss of bone density. Several organ systems like the heart, lungs, urinary and genital systems undergo functional declines with aging as tissues lose elasticity and organs decrease in size.
The document discusses several topics related to aging, death, and dying:
1) Life expectancy in the US has increased dramatically over the past century to an average of 77.6 years, and women tend to outlive men by about 5 years.
2) Common biological theories of aging include the cellular clock theory, free radical theory, and hormonal stress theory which attempt to explain the aging process on a cellular level.
3) As people age, sensory abilities and physical health often decline as seen in conditions like vision loss, hearing loss, arthritis, and increased risk of diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
4) Psychological theories of aging focus on maintaining independence and cognitive abilities through activities, social
As person get older, many health problems become more likely to pass, including problems that bear on the body and brain. And though some of these problems are unavoidable, becoming a senior citizen does not doom someone to a life of wellness troubles. to avoid this, here is summary of several steps that can be taken in prosperous age to avoid later health problems.
Ageing process it is the process in which ageshivpalsingh40
The document discusses aging and the aging process. It defines aging and provides chronological categories of aging. Some key physical changes that occur with age are discussed for body systems like muscular/skeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and others. Sensory capacities like vision, hearing, taste, and smell also decline with age. Social changes include retirement, widowhood, loneliness, and role changes. Psychological changes involve affects like self-esteem, personality, and depression as well as cognitive functioning including intelligence, learning, and memory.
This document summarizes physical, cognitive, and health changes that occur in late adulthood. It discusses how both the young-old (65-84 years old) and oldest-old (85+ years old) are affected differently, with the oldest-old facing greater declines. Key changes include losses in brain and muscle mass, poorer vision and hearing, increased risk of chronic diseases, and slower processing speed and divided attention. However, lifestyle factors like exercise, nutrition, and mental stimulation can help maximize functioning and well-being in late life.
Physiological changes occur with aging that affect nearly every system of the body. The skin shows signs of aging like wrinkling due to loss of fat and muscle beneath. Joints are affected by conditions like osteoarthritis. Muscle mass declines along with bone density. The heart and blood vessels become stiffer. Lung function decreases. Urinary control weakens. Hormone levels change with menopause and declining testosterone. While aging processes are universal, the rate varies between individuals.
Physiological changes occur with aging that affect nearly every system of the body. The skin shows signs of aging like wrinkling and loss of fat and tissue. Musculoskeletal changes include arthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. The gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, urinary, and genital systems all demonstrate atrophy, decreased function, and other age-related alterations. While aging processes are universal, the rate and extent of changes vary between individuals.
Physiological changes occur with aging that affect nearly every system of the body. The skin shows signs of aging like wrinkling and loss of fat and tissue. Musculoskeletal changes include arthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. The gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, urinary, and genital systems also exhibit changes like decreased function and elasticity. While aging affects everyone, the rates and impacts can vary between individuals and populations.
Physiological changes occur with aging that affect nearly every system of the body. The skin shows signs of aging like wrinkling and loss of fat and tissue. Musculoskeletal changes include arthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. The gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, urinary, and genital systems all demonstrate atrophy, decreased function, and other age-related alterations. While aging processes are universal, the rate and extent of changes vary between individuals.
Physiological changes occur with aging that affect nearly every system of the body. The skin shows signs of aging like wrinkling due to loss of fat and muscle beneath. Bones weaken due to loss of density, increasing risks like osteoporosis and fractures. Muscle mass declines as well. Internally, the heart and lungs lose elasticity over time, and kidney and digestive function declines. Hormone production also wanes with age. These universal changes are gradual and inevitable parts of the aging process for all humans.
Credit limit improvement system in odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, confirmed and uninvoiced sales orders are now factored into a partner's total receivables. As a result, the credit limit warning system now considers this updated calculation, leading to more accurate and effective credit management.
Delegation Inheritance in Odoo 17 and Its Use CasesCeline George
There are 3 types of inheritance in odoo Classical, Extension, and Delegation. Delegation inheritance is used to sink other models to our custom model. And there is no change in the views. This slide will discuss delegation inheritance and its use cases in odoo 17.
Slide Presentation from a Doctoral Virtual Open House presented on June 30, 2024 by staff and faculty of Capitol Technology University
Covers degrees offered, program details, tuition, financial aid and the application process.
Views in Odoo - Advanced Views - Pivot View in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, the pivot view is a graphical representation of data that allows users to analyze and summarize large datasets quickly. It's a powerful tool for generating insights from your business data.
The pivot view in Odoo is a valuable tool for analyzing and summarizing large datasets, helping you gain insights into your business operations.
AI Risk Management: ISO/IEC 42001, the EU AI Act, and ISO/IEC 23894PECB
As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, understanding the complexities and regulations regarding AI risk management is more crucial than ever.
Amongst others, the webinar covers:
• ISO/IEC 42001 standard, which provides guidelines for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving AI management systems within organizations
• insights into the European Union's landmark legislative proposal aimed at regulating AI
• framework and methodologies prescribed by ISO/IEC 23894 for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with AI systems
Presenters:
Miriama Podskubova - Attorney at Law
Miriama is a seasoned lawyer with over a decade of experience. She specializes in commercial law, focusing on transactions, venture capital investments, IT, digital law, and cybersecurity, areas she was drawn to through her legal practice. Alongside preparing contract and project documentation, she ensures the correct interpretation and application of European legal regulations in these fields. Beyond client projects, she frequently speaks at conferences on cybersecurity, online privacy protection, and the increasingly pertinent topic of AI regulation. As a registered advocate of Slovak bar, certified data privacy professional in the European Union (CIPP/e) and a member of the international association ELA, she helps both tech-focused startups and entrepreneurs, as well as international chains, to properly set up their business operations.
Callum Wright - Founder and Lead Consultant Founder and Lead Consultant
Callum Wright is a seasoned cybersecurity, privacy and AI governance expert. With over a decade of experience, he has dedicated his career to protecting digital assets, ensuring data privacy, and establishing ethical AI governance frameworks. His diverse background includes significant roles in security architecture, AI governance, risk consulting, and privacy management across various industries, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: June 26, 2024
Tags: ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, EU AI Act, ISO/IEC 23894
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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The membership Module in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Some business organizations give membership to their customers to ensure the long term relationship with those customers. If the customer is a member of the business then they get special offers and other benefits. The membership module in odoo 17 is helpful to manage everything related to the membership of multiple customers.
Beyond the Advance Presentation for By the Book 9John Rodzvilla
In June 2020, L.L. McKinney, a Black author of young adult novels, began the #publishingpaidme hashtag to create a discussion on how the publishing industry treats Black authors: “what they’re paid. What the marketing is. How the books are treated. How one Black book not reaching its parameters casts a shadow on all Black books and all Black authors, and that’s not the same for our white counterparts.” (Grady 2020) McKinney’s call resulted in an online discussion across 65,000 tweets between authors of all races and the creation of a Google spreadsheet that collected information on over 2,000 titles.
While the conversation was originally meant to discuss the ethical value of book publishing, it became an economic assessment by authors of how publishers treated authors of color and women authors without a full analysis of the data collected. This paper would present the data collected from relevant tweets and the Google database to show not only the range of advances among participating authors split out by their race, gender, sexual orientation and the genre of their work, but also the publishers’ treatment of their titles in terms of deal announcements and pre-pub attention in industry publications. The paper is based on a multi-year project of cleaning and evaluating the collected data to assess what it reveals about the habits and strategies of American publishers in acquiring and promoting titles from a diverse group of authors across the literary, non-fiction, children’s, mystery, romance, and SFF genres.
Lecture_Notes_Unit4_Chapter_8_9_10_RDBMS for the students affiliated by alaga...Murugan Solaiyappan
Title: Relational Database Management System Concepts(RDBMS)
Description:
Welcome to the comprehensive guide on Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) concepts, tailored for final year B.Sc. Computer Science students affiliated with Alagappa University. This document covers fundamental principles and advanced topics in RDBMS, offering a structured approach to understanding databases in the context of modern computing. PDF content is prepared from the text book Learn Oracle 8I by JOSE A RAMALHO.
Key Topics Covered:
Main Topic : DATA INTEGRITY, CREATING AND MAINTAINING A TABLE AND INDEX
Sub-Topic :
Data Integrity,Types of Integrity, Integrity Constraints, Primary Key, Foreign key, unique key, self referential integrity,
creating and maintain a table, Modifying a table, alter a table, Deleting a table
Create an Index, Alter Index, Drop Index, Function based index, obtaining information about index, Difference between ROWID and ROWNUM
Target Audience:
Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in RDBMS principles for academic and practical applications.
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in database management.
Disclaimer:
This document is intended for educational purposes only. The content presented here reflects the author’s understanding in the field of RDBMS as of 2024.
Feedback and Contact Information:
Your feedback is valuable! For any queries or suggestions, please contact muruganjit@agacollege.in
How to Store Data on the Odoo 17 WebsiteCeline George
Here we are going to discuss how to store data in Odoo 17 Website.
It includes defining a model with few fields in it. Add demo data into the model using data directory. Also using a controller, pass the values into the template while rendering it and display the values in the website.
Join educators from the US and worldwide at this year’s conference, themed “Strategies for Proficiency & Acquisition,” to learn from top experts in world language teaching.
Webinar Innovative assessments for SOcial Emotional SkillsEduSkills OECD
Presentations by Adriano Linzarini and Daniel Catarino da Silva of the OECD Rethinking Assessment of Social and Emotional Skills project from the OECD webinar "Innovations in measuring social and emotional skills and what AI will bring next" on 5 July 2024
Webinar Innovative assessments for SOcial Emotional Skills
Agingpowerpoint
1. Impact of ageing on Physiology,
Psychology and social-
emotional aspect
2. AgeingAgeing
Ageing is a universal phenomena and every object in the earth
undergoes the process of ageing.
It is a process that accumulates changes in organisms or objects
over time. Human aging process involves multidimensional
changes on physical, psychological, cultural and social levels.
cellular and physiologic deterioration
It occurs at different rates among individuals.
3. Impact of Aging on PhysiologyImpact of Aging on Physiology
Hearing and Vision
Taste and Smell
Skin and hair
Body Composition
Nervous System
Musculoskeletal System
Kidney
GI
Cardiovascular
Those changes that occur normally with the age, not due to disease.
These changes include sensory loss, digestion, circulation, and sexuality
4. Sensory lossSensory loss
Humans receive and process information from the environment
through hearing, vision, taste, smell, and touch.
With aging, these senses are often diminished and incoming
information may be distorted or difficult to understand. As a
result, the older person may give up some enjoyable activities
or lose contact with friends and family who are important
sources of support.
Hearing :- About 30% of people over 60 have a hearing
impairment, but about 33% of those 75 to 84, and about half of
those over 85, have a hearing loss (Suzanna Smith and Jennifer
E. Gove ). Hearing loss affects the older person's ability to talk
easily with others.
5. Vision:- The retinas become thinner than usual in aging eyes, the
sharpness that should be achieved in viewing objects at a distance is
impaired, objects placed at a distance appear blurred.
With aging, peripheral vision is reduced. A person may need to turn
her or his head to see to the sides.
The flexibility of the eye decreases and it takes an older person more
time to accommodate to changes in light.
Degeneration of eye muscles and clouding of the lens are associated
with aging. Several changes in vision result from this.
Older people tend to have trouble focusing on near objects, but
eyeglasses may correct this problem.
The irises get stiffened, hence, the pupils become less responsive and
more sensitive to glare. The ability to see colors changes with age .
Red, yellow, and orange are easier to see than blue and green.
Serious vision impairments such as cataracts, glaucoma, and blindness
affect between 7% and 15% of older adults.
6. Taste and Smell:- Some loss in taste sensitivity takes place with
aging. However, the loss is minor and does not seem to occur in
most people until well after 70. There is also a loss of smell, but this
is not severe.
Skin :- The skin serves a protective function by buffering us from
the environment. Skin changes leave the older person vulnerable to
discomfort and harm.
Reduced sensitivity.
Begins to develop wrinkles and dark spots (normally
tagged as age spots also).
The ability of skin to produce oils reduces resulting in dry and
lusterless skin.
The skin tears and breaks more easily, increasing the chance of
injury and infection.
7. Hair :- Hair becomes thinner than normal and the changes in
hair color from gray initially to turning white eventually marks
aging.
Decreased facial hair in men
Possible chin and upper lip hair in women
Nails :-decreased growth rate
9. Nervous system:-
There is neuronal loss in the brain throughout life (the
amount & location varies).
Some brain regions shrink, while others remain stable as we
age.
Loss is chiefly gray matter not white matter
Aging of the brain also impairs the ability of the brain to
encode or decode new memories and facts, while processing
speed and reflexes decline. Slowed neuronal transmission
Changes in sleep cycle: takes longer to fall asleep, total time
spent sleeping is less than their younger years, awakenings
throughout the night, increase in frequency of daytime naps
Sense of smell markedly decreases
10. Musculoskeletal SystemMusculoskeletal System
Muscles:- As muscles age, they begin to shrink and lose mass.
The number and size of muscle fibers also decrease. less bone mass
and strength
Decreased water content of tendons, the cordlike tissues that attach
muscles to bones.
This makes the tissues stiffer and less able to tolerate stress.
Handgrip strength decreases, making it more difficult to accomplish
routine activities.
The heart muscle becomes less able to propel large quantities of blood
quickly to the body. Tire more quickly and take longer to recover.
loss of calcium from the bones. Bone demineralisation – osteoporosis.
Joints:- Joint motion becomes more restricted and flexibility decreases
with age because of changes in tendons and ligaments.
As the cushioning cartilage begins to break down from a lifetime of
use, joints become inflamed an arthritic.
11. Heart :-Blood vessels lose their elasticity and the fatty deposition on the
artery walls makes the arteries smaller or rather narrow the space for
the blood flowing through it.
All these factors make the heart work harder than usual to pump the
blood to other parts of the body.
These changes may result in a slightly slower heart rate.
A slight increase in the size of the heart, especially the left ventricle,
is common. The heart wall thickens, so the amount of blood that the
chamber can hold may actually decrease.
The heart may fill more slowly. To compensate, elderly subjects
demonstrate a doubling of percent atrial contribution to filling.
The result is hypertension, cardiac arrest, arteriosclerosis and other
serious disorders. Heart may be slightly less able to tolerate increased
workloads.
12. Kidney:-
Renal blood vessels become smaller & thicker reducing renal
blood flow.
Decreased renal blood flow from about 600ml/min (age 40) to
about 300ml/min (age 80)
Kidney size decreases by 20-30% by age 90.
There is a decline in the number of renal tubular cells,
an increase in tubular diverticula, & a thickening of
the tubular walls decreased ability to concentrate
urine & clear drugs from the body.
Overall kidney function, however, remains normal
unless there is excessive stress on the system.
13. Bladder:-The muscular ureters, urethra, & bladder
lose tone & elasticity. The bladder may retain
urine. This causes incomplete emptying.
Decline in bladder capacity from about 500-600mL
to about 250ml less urine can be stored in the
bladder.
This causes more frequent urination.
The warning period between the urge and actual urination
is shortened or lost as one ages.
14. Gastrointestinal systemGastrointestinal system
Salivary glands decrease saliva production
Reduces cleansing action – dry mouth (xerostomia)
Dysphasia (difficulty swallowing)
Taste sensation diminishes (fewer taste receptors)
stomach and intestine mucosa atrophy
Basal and maximal stomach acid production diminish sharply in old
age. At the same time, the mucosa thins. Very little seems to happen
to the small bowel constipation
Decline in number of gastric cells decreased production HCL (an
acidic environment is necessary for the release of vitamin B12 from
food sources)
Decreased production of digestive enzymes
Thinner and weaker large intestine wall
16. The social changes that come with life are change in life style, loss
of other family members, neighbors and friends.
The main social problems, which confront elderly persons, are:
- social isolation
- finance
- loneliness
- rejection and loss of purpose in life.
- deterioration in housing standard and poor nutritional level.
Impact of Aging social-emotionsImpact of Aging social-emotions
17. Retirement:-A change in work role comes with retirement. It
changes the way time is managed and daily activities are carried
out.It alters identity, status, financial problem, lack of self-
satisfaction and self-esteem and sometimes friendships.
Widowhood:-A common event that alters family life for the
aged is the death of a spouse. Loss of spouse is a highly
stressful experience.
Loneliness:- It is a subjective, negative feeling related to the
person’s own experience of deficient social relations. lessen
interests in hobbies/events and refused social engagements may
lead isolation and leads to loneliness.
Impact of Aging social-emotionsImpact of Aging social-emotions
18. Loss of independence:-Due to the retirement and physical
disability there were loss of independence which create
tremendous frustration, feelings of uselessness, sadness, fear
anger and guilt.
Changes in roles and relationships:-
parents become grandparents
adult children become caregivers for ageing parents
spouses become widows or widowers
Group membership roles change at:
retirement
moving neighbourhoods
cessation of social activities due to failing health
Impact of Aging social-emotionsImpact of Aging social-emotions
19. Loss of status and decision- making power :- Due to division of
property in younger children and loss of jobs the status and
decision making power decrease in family and society.
Depression:-It is associated with mortality only when feelings of
loneliness are present. Depression is a problem that often
accompanies loneliness.
Religiosity :- Fear of death/religious needs increase.
Embarrassment and shame at conditions (incontinence,
dependence, illness seen as weakness, etc.).
Impact of Aging social-emotionsImpact of Aging social-emotions
20. Impact of Aging on PsychologyImpact of Aging on Psychology
Most elderly people seems to be most vulnerable to psychological
dysfunction when they experience change.
Affective function refers to the mood, emotions (such as happiness, sadness,
fear, pain, anger, and confusion).
Cognitive function refers to memory, learning, and intelligence.
Cognitive and affective functioning affects the person’s self-esteem.
21. It is influenced by the way an individual views the world and
self.
A positive view of self and surrounding environment promotes
positive expression of mood and emotions.
Self-esteem:- It is the way a person views himself/herself.
A positive view of self promotes health and enables
the person to cope better with the changes and challenges of
growing older.
Affective functioningAffective functioning
22. Factors contribute to a decreased in self-esteem:-
Age related changes and losses that occur with aging
Chronic diseases.
Increased dependency .
Function impairment.
Lack of control over the person environment
Personality:-
The basic personality does not change as a result of aging process.
The personality will be consistent with that of earlier years.
23. Depression :-
Depression occurs 16-65% of elders living in the community.
Depression including: sleep disturbance, lake of interest,
feelings of guilt, lack of energy, decreased concentration and,
loss of appetite.
Losses can lead to depression.
24. CognitiveCognitive functioningfunctioning
Intelligent, learning, attention and memory are all related to cognitive
functioning and how well the mind is able to reason and make sound
judgments.
Intelligent:-Intelligent is a mental alertness and includes the ability to
learn new material, make wise decisions, and deal with stressful
situation. Intelligent does not become less with age. IQ test
performance of older adults may be hindered because of sensory
deficits or the stress of being tested. These factors must be considered
when assessing.
Memory:-Memory is defined as a recall of items learned more than a
few minutes earlier or many years earlier. It is affected by age. Older
people start to forget things an some part of memory in that age.
25. Learning :-
Learning is the acquisition of new knowledge or skills.
The ability of the mind to learn and retain new information
remains unaltered, particularly when mind is stimulated through
regular use.
The ability to solve complex problems decline with age.
Hearing and visual deficits related to aging process can affect
learning.
Attention span:- There is decrease in vigilance performance.
Vigilance performance is the ability to retain attention longer than 45
minutes.
The elderly is more liable to distract (divert) attention by irrelevant
information and stimuli.
Deficits in attention may affect learning and memory.