A series of course modules on project cycle, planning and the logical framework, aimed at team leaders of international NGOs in developing countries.
This is part 6 of 11, beginning with 2 modules on leadership and conflict resolution, then 9 modules on project cycle management.
This module has 3 handouts and presenter notes as separate documents.
Sample Proposal: http://www.slideshare.net/Makewa/6-watsan-training-sample-proposal-09
Slides as a handout: http://www.slideshare.net/Makewa/6-me-handout
Presenter notes: http://www.slideshare.net/Makewa/6-module-6-presenter-notes
This document provides an overview of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) for programs and interventions. It discusses what M&E is, the differences between monitoring and evaluation, why M&E is important, how to develop an M&E plan, and key components of an M&E plan. Monitoring involves routine data collection to track progress towards objectives, while evaluation assesses overall impact by comparing outcomes between program and non-program groups. Developing a strong M&E plan from the beginning is essential to demonstrate accountability and guide effective implementation.
The Stakeholder Engagement tool helps ensure that the appropriate stakeholders in decision processes have been identified and involved.
Tool: https://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/publications/ms-11-46-e
Webinar Recording: http://universityofnc.adobeconnect.com/p99y8bhnosx/
Defines the policy,lists the main features of a policy , the step by step process of policy formulation and implementation,describes the criteria to judge the efficacy and chances of success of policy and lastly the weaknesses of policy formulation in a developing country like Pakistan
The document introduces resource mobilization, outlining its training objectives. It defines resource mobilization as identifying essential resources for achieving an organization's mission through developing relationships with resource providers and ensuring proper resource use. Resource mobilization is a means to an end, a team effort with shared accountabilities, and a management process without quick fixes. It is not just about funds but also managing relationships with people sharing the organization's values. The document notes resource mobilization incorporates three integrated concepts and discusses its importance and features.
Concepts in Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation
The document discusses concepts related to participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E). It defines key terms like participation, monitoring, evaluation, and PM&E. It describes the importance of stakeholder engagement in planning, designing, and implementing PM&E. The document also outlines the typical PM&E process, including planning the process, gathering data through both quantitative and qualitative methods, analyzing data, and sharing results to define actions. Finally, it provides examples of PM&E frameworks from the Philippines.
This document discusses the importance of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) for programs and projects. It defines monitoring as an ongoing process of collecting and analyzing data to track progress and make adjustments, while evaluation assesses relevance, effectiveness, impact and sustainability. The key aspects of building an M&E system are agreeing on outcomes to measure, selecting indicators, gathering baseline data, setting targets, monitoring implementation and results, reporting findings, and sustaining the system long-term. A strong M&E system provides evidence of achievements and challenges, enables learning and improvement, and helps ensure resources are allocated to effective programs.
This presentation provides an overview of resource mobilization and fundraising. It discusses key topics like the types of resources, defining resource mobilization, the resource mobilization process, challenges, and the importance of resource mobilization. The presentation outlines the development and management of a resource mobilization program, including preparing a strategy, identifying stakeholders, developing messages, selecting vehicles, monitoring and evaluation, and ensuring readiness. It also covers funding proposal writing. The overall goal is to help organizations attract resources and broaden donor support through effective resource mobilization.
The document provides an overview of monitoring and evaluation methods for programs. It discusses key concepts like monitoring, evaluation, attributes of each, and who conducts them. The five phases of evaluation are outlined: planning, method selection, data collection and analysis, reporting, and implementing recommendations. Specific monitoring and evaluation tools are also described. The overall summary is:
Monitoring and evaluation follow a five phase process including planning, method selection, data collection and analysis, reporting, and implementing recommendations to improve programs. Key concepts like monitoring, evaluation, attributes of each, tools used, and who conducts them are outlined.
Evaluation is an important part of any project that helps check progress, collect necessary information for final reports, and learn lessons for future projects. It involves reviewing project goals, collecting both quantitative and qualitative information through methods like questionnaires, interviews and feedback forms, analyzing the findings including identifying strengths, weaknesses, problems and evidence, and sharing results with relevant stakeholders. Developing and following an evaluation plan from the beginning of a project is crucial for ensuring success.
The document discusses policies, procedures, vision, mission, values, and goals for organizations. It provides examples of policies and procedures from cooperatives and explains that policies outline general guidelines while procedures provide specific steps for implementation. Together, policies and procedures help organizations achieve goals and objectives in a standardized, compliant, and efficient manner.
The document outlines an action plan with 15 items to mobilize resources for disaster risk reduction (DRR) in the short, medium, and long term. The top ranked actions are to establish an insurance mechanism, make DRR part of corporate social responsibility, establish DRR point persons and offices, and harmonize national, regional, and local DRR initiatives.
Monitoring, evaluation and accountability staff presentation
April 30th SRC Staff presentation on MEA monitoring and impact tables, their roles and responsibilities in relation to those tables, and SRC priority actions for the coming year
Planning and Conducting Advocacy at National and Subnational Levels
Fall Global Health Practitioner Conference 2017
Planning and Conducting Advocacy at National and Subnational Levels
Kavita Sethuraman, Annie Toro, & Danielle Heilberg
NCCMT Spotlight Webinar: Guide to Policy-Influence Evaluation
Interested in learning how to evaluate your policy influence?
Do you promote the uptake and dissemination of population health interventions? Are you interested in exploring public health–related case studies of policy influence? The Guide to Policy-Influence Evaluation can help!
This guide was developed by the Public Health Agency of Canada’s Innovation Strategy and produced by Cathexis Consulting.
How can the Guide to Policy-Influence Evaluation help you?
The Guide to Policy-Influence Evaluation was developed to help organizations use policy influence to improve the uptake and evaluation of evidence-based population health interventions. This process is divided into the four steps of evaluation planning. Each step includes two or more resources to support it. The resources are then summarized and important highlights are presented as they related to each step.
This webinar includes an overview of the Guide by its developers, followed by a presentation from a community based organization who evaluated the impact on policies within their work to promote healthier weights.
The Guide to Policy-Influence Evaluation includes three public health–related case studies:
•Healthy weights among Aboriginal children and youth
•Anti-bullying for primary schools
•Food security and healthy weights
To see the summary statement of this method developed by NCCMT, click here: http://www.nccmt.ca/resources/search/241
The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools is funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada and affiliated with McMaster University. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the Public Health Agency of Canada.
NCCMT is one of six National Collaborating Centres (NCCs) for Public Health. The Centres promote and improve the use of scientific research and other knowledge to strengthen public health practices and policies in Canada.
The document discusses strategies for students to get involved in analyzing government health budgets and financing at various stages of the budget process. It outlines how students can collaborate with policymakers during planning, scrutinize implementation, and advocate for priorities like preventative health and access for underserved groups. The document also notes challenges like lack of capacity and secretive processes that students must address.
Evaluating Advocacy: Challenges, Methodologies and Solutions
This document discusses challenges, methodologies, and solutions for evaluating advocacy efforts. It begins by defining advocacy and distinguishing it from other types of campaigns. Key challenges include focusing on activities rather than outcomes and proving impact. The document recommends understanding the desired changes, monitoring progress, selecting appropriate evaluation methods, estimating influence on changes, and sharing lessons learned. A variety of evaluation methods are described, from stakeholder interviews to contribution analysis. The goal is to integrate evaluation into advocacy strategies to continually improve efforts and demonstrate successes.
This document outlines a chapter on policy evaluation from an educational textbook. The chapter discusses various methods of policy evaluation including assessing impact on target groups, experimental research designs, and challenges such as political and bureaucratic influences. It also describes the roles of organizations like the Office of Management and Budget and General Accountability Office in evaluating federal programs. The overall goal of the chapter is to examine how governments assess the effectiveness of public policies.
This document outlines the public policy formulation process. It begins with defining key concepts like policy and public policy. The public policy formulation process has four phases - initiation, generation, implementation, and evaluation. The initiation phase involves agenda-setting, identifying policy issues, and stakeholder engagement. The generation phase is when policies are formulated and drafted. Implementation involves enacting the policies. Evaluation is monitoring and assessing the policies. The document provides details on steps like policy analysis and stakeholder consultation that are part of the initiation and generation phases of the public policy formulation process.
This document provides a monitoring and evaluation framework for the Economic Development Department of an unnamed city. It outlines the legislative and policy context for monitoring and evaluation in the local government. It describes the methodology used to develop the framework, which included a literature review, reviewing department documents, and consulting with staff. The framework is intended to establish common understanding of key monitoring and evaluation principles and provide the foundation for tracking the performance of the department and its projects in achieving their objectives. It outlines the planning, monitoring, evaluation, reporting, and feedback phases to put the framework into practice.
6 M&E - Monitoring and Evaluation of Aid ProjectsTony
A series of course modules on project cycle, planning and the logical framework, aimed at team leaders of international NGOs in developing countries.
This is part 6 of 11, beginning with 2 modules on leadership and conflict resolution, then 9 modules on project cycle management.
This module has 3 handouts and presenter notes as separate documents.
Sample Proposal: http://www.slideshare.net/Makewa/6-watsan-training-sample-proposal-09
Slides as a handout: http://www.slideshare.net/Makewa/6-me-handout
Presenter notes: http://www.slideshare.net/Makewa/6-module-6-presenter-notes
This document provides an overview of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) for programs and interventions. It discusses what M&E is, the differences between monitoring and evaluation, why M&E is important, how to develop an M&E plan, and key components of an M&E plan. Monitoring involves routine data collection to track progress towards objectives, while evaluation assesses overall impact by comparing outcomes between program and non-program groups. Developing a strong M&E plan from the beginning is essential to demonstrate accountability and guide effective implementation.
The Stakeholder Engagement tool helps ensure that the appropriate stakeholders in decision processes have been identified and involved.
Tool: https://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/publications/ms-11-46-e
Webinar Recording: http://universityofnc.adobeconnect.com/p99y8bhnosx/
Defines the policy,lists the main features of a policy , the step by step process of policy formulation and implementation,describes the criteria to judge the efficacy and chances of success of policy and lastly the weaknesses of policy formulation in a developing country like Pakistan
The document introduces resource mobilization, outlining its training objectives. It defines resource mobilization as identifying essential resources for achieving an organization's mission through developing relationships with resource providers and ensuring proper resource use. Resource mobilization is a means to an end, a team effort with shared accountabilities, and a management process without quick fixes. It is not just about funds but also managing relationships with people sharing the organization's values. The document notes resource mobilization incorporates three integrated concepts and discusses its importance and features.
The document discusses concepts related to participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E). It defines key terms like participation, monitoring, evaluation, and PM&E. It describes the importance of stakeholder engagement in planning, designing, and implementing PM&E. The document also outlines the typical PM&E process, including planning the process, gathering data through both quantitative and qualitative methods, analyzing data, and sharing results to define actions. Finally, it provides examples of PM&E frameworks from the Philippines.
This document discusses the importance of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) for programs and projects. It defines monitoring as an ongoing process of collecting and analyzing data to track progress and make adjustments, while evaluation assesses relevance, effectiveness, impact and sustainability. The key aspects of building an M&E system are agreeing on outcomes to measure, selecting indicators, gathering baseline data, setting targets, monitoring implementation and results, reporting findings, and sustaining the system long-term. A strong M&E system provides evidence of achievements and challenges, enables learning and improvement, and helps ensure resources are allocated to effective programs.
This presentation provides an overview of resource mobilization and fundraising. It discusses key topics like the types of resources, defining resource mobilization, the resource mobilization process, challenges, and the importance of resource mobilization. The presentation outlines the development and management of a resource mobilization program, including preparing a strategy, identifying stakeholders, developing messages, selecting vehicles, monitoring and evaluation, and ensuring readiness. It also covers funding proposal writing. The overall goal is to help organizations attract resources and broaden donor support through effective resource mobilization.
The document provides an overview of monitoring and evaluation methods for programs. It discusses key concepts like monitoring, evaluation, attributes of each, and who conducts them. The five phases of evaluation are outlined: planning, method selection, data collection and analysis, reporting, and implementing recommendations. Specific monitoring and evaluation tools are also described. The overall summary is:
Monitoring and evaluation follow a five phase process including planning, method selection, data collection and analysis, reporting, and implementing recommendations to improve programs. Key concepts like monitoring, evaluation, attributes of each, tools used, and who conducts them are outlined.
Evaluation is an important part of any project that helps check progress, collect necessary information for final reports, and learn lessons for future projects. It involves reviewing project goals, collecting both quantitative and qualitative information through methods like questionnaires, interviews and feedback forms, analyzing the findings including identifying strengths, weaknesses, problems and evidence, and sharing results with relevant stakeholders. Developing and following an evaluation plan from the beginning of a project is crucial for ensuring success.
The document discusses policies, procedures, vision, mission, values, and goals for organizations. It provides examples of policies and procedures from cooperatives and explains that policies outline general guidelines while procedures provide specific steps for implementation. Together, policies and procedures help organizations achieve goals and objectives in a standardized, compliant, and efficient manner.
The document outlines an action plan with 15 items to mobilize resources for disaster risk reduction (DRR) in the short, medium, and long term. The top ranked actions are to establish an insurance mechanism, make DRR part of corporate social responsibility, establish DRR point persons and offices, and harmonize national, regional, and local DRR initiatives.
Monitoring, evaluation and accountability staff presentationkltpollock
April 30th SRC Staff presentation on MEA monitoring and impact tables, their roles and responsibilities in relation to those tables, and SRC priority actions for the coming year
Planning and Conducting Advocacy at National and Subnational LevelsCORE Group
Fall Global Health Practitioner Conference 2017
Planning and Conducting Advocacy at National and Subnational Levels
Kavita Sethuraman, Annie Toro, & Danielle Heilberg
Interested in learning how to evaluate your policy influence?
Do you promote the uptake and dissemination of population health interventions? Are you interested in exploring public health–related case studies of policy influence? The Guide to Policy-Influence Evaluation can help!
This guide was developed by the Public Health Agency of Canada’s Innovation Strategy and produced by Cathexis Consulting.
How can the Guide to Policy-Influence Evaluation help you?
The Guide to Policy-Influence Evaluation was developed to help organizations use policy influence to improve the uptake and evaluation of evidence-based population health interventions. This process is divided into the four steps of evaluation planning. Each step includes two or more resources to support it. The resources are then summarized and important highlights are presented as they related to each step.
This webinar includes an overview of the Guide by its developers, followed by a presentation from a community based organization who evaluated the impact on policies within their work to promote healthier weights.
The Guide to Policy-Influence Evaluation includes three public health–related case studies:
•Healthy weights among Aboriginal children and youth
•Anti-bullying for primary schools
•Food security and healthy weights
To see the summary statement of this method developed by NCCMT, click here: http://www.nccmt.ca/resources/search/241
The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools is funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada and affiliated with McMaster University. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the Public Health Agency of Canada.
NCCMT is one of six National Collaborating Centres (NCCs) for Public Health. The Centres promote and improve the use of scientific research and other knowledge to strengthen public health practices and policies in Canada.
The document discusses strategies for students to get involved in analyzing government health budgets and financing at various stages of the budget process. It outlines how students can collaborate with policymakers during planning, scrutinize implementation, and advocate for priorities like preventative health and access for underserved groups. The document also notes challenges like lack of capacity and secretive processes that students must address.
Evaluating Advocacy: Challenges, Methodologies and SolutionsGlenn O'Neil
This document discusses challenges, methodologies, and solutions for evaluating advocacy efforts. It begins by defining advocacy and distinguishing it from other types of campaigns. Key challenges include focusing on activities rather than outcomes and proving impact. The document recommends understanding the desired changes, monitoring progress, selecting appropriate evaluation methods, estimating influence on changes, and sharing lessons learned. A variety of evaluation methods are described, from stakeholder interviews to contribution analysis. The goal is to integrate evaluation into advocacy strategies to continually improve efforts and demonstrate successes.
Budget Tracking for CSOs in the Nigerian Health SectorDonald ofoegbu
This document discusses budget tracking strategies for civil society organizations working in the health sector. It defines budget tracking as examining how public resources flow from one level of government to the next and eventually to intended beneficiaries. The document outlines why CSOs should track budgets and expenditures, such as to strengthen oversight, identify systemic transfer problems, and uncover mismanagement. It provides a 5-step approach to budget tracking advocacy: 1) develop a strategy, 2) build strategic alliances, 3) plan activities for each budget cycle stage, 4) manage communications, and 5) evaluate efforts. Finally, it states that tracking involves monitoring and investigating to carefully examine how funds move through different levels of government.
This document discusses monitoring, evaluation, accountability and learning (MEAL) for nutrition advocacy efforts. It outlines why MEAL is important to monitor progress towards objectives, evaluate impact, ensure accountability, and support learning. Key points include developing a theory of change, using participatory and sustainable MEAL systems, and tools to record and share results and changes achieved. Examples are given of capacity building with local NGOs leading to increased access to justice and changes in policies and behaviors. The document promotes peer-to-peer support for MEAL through a new database and working group.
The document outlines the agenda and activities for a CashBack portfolio day meeting. The agenda includes welcome and introductions, summaries of evaluation meetings with CashBack partners, refining the program's logic model and evaluation framework, discussions on communications and sustainability, and a question and answer session. Three priority areas - impact and evaluation, communications, and sustainability - will be the focus of discussions. [END SUMMARY]
This document discusses priorities for the 2019 federal election in Canada. It outlines proposals to invest in community health centres, implement universal pharmacare, expand access to dental care, invest in housing and supports for vulnerable groups like newcomers. It provides details on each proposal, including recommended funding amounts. It also summarizes a presentation from Wellfort Community Health Services advocating for these policies and outlining their advocacy approaches at both the organizational and policy levels.
Ceren Ozer of the World Bank and Brigitta Villaronga of GIZ have been working together for about 18 months to support development of universal health coverage in several countries. This raises not only issues of how to transform health systems, but how to work within organizations that are not adept at addressing complex challenges.
The document provides a comparative analysis of the Union Budgets of India for the fiscal years 2015-16 and 2016-17. Some of the key highlights include:
- The income tax slab rates remained unchanged both years but tax rebate was raised to Rs. 5,000 in 2016-17 from Rs. 2,000.
- Excise duties were increased on cigarettes, tobacco and other products in both years. Service tax was also raised.
- A 3% additional surcharge was levied in 2016-17 for those with an income over Rs. 1 crore.
- First time home buyers can receive an additional deduction of Rs. 50,000 for housing loans up to Rs. 30 lak
Engaging extension in health reform 4 16 2013Cynthia Reeves
This seminar covered Extension's involvement in health initiatives at the community level. It discussed strategic health priorities for Extension and the role of social media in outreach. The National Institute of Food and Agriculture aims to increase access to health services and clinical preventive care through Extension programs. Extension also launched a multi-state Health Insurance Literacy Initiative to educate consumers about selecting health plans under the Affordable Care Act. Connecting programs and outreach at the local level will be important for implementing health reform.
The document discusses strategic planning for AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) in an era of change. It provides an overview of the history of ASOs and the six crises they have faced. Current trends putting pressure on ASOs are outlined, including uncertain funding and shifting priorities. Reasons for strategic planning are described, focusing on understanding community needs and assessing organizational strengths and weaknesses. The strategic planning process involves forming a design team, conducting assessments, creating strategic scenarios, and developing goals and plans through staff and stakeholder engagement. Emerging business models for ASOs are discussed, focusing on utilizing core competencies in new ways.
This information is for those that desires to start up a small non profit organization in Nigeria, while impacting positively in the lives of the needy.
Scaling Up Nutrition - European Development Days 2016SUN_Movement
The SUN Movement was founded in 2010 to promote good nutrition. It brings together governments, organizations, UN agencies, donors, businesses and researchers to support national nutrition plans. 57 countries have committed to the SUN Movement. The document discusses linking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) with nutrition through policies, budgets, implementation and evidence generation. There are consensus areas but also challenges around joint policymaking, fostering collaboration across levels of government, quantifying cost efficiencies, conducting large-scale research, and incentivizing multi-sector work.
The document provides resources for planning and sustaining community health partnerships and initiatives. It includes general guidance documents, toolkits, templates, case studies and examples across several categories: sustainability planning, evaluation, data and metrics, funding, communications, engagement, policy and advocacy, and project management. The resources aim to support stakeholders in strengthening partnerships, measuring impact, securing ongoing funding, and sustaining work beyond initial funding timeframes.
Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability (CBGA)Dasra
CBGA is a policy research and advocacy organization promoting people’s participation in the discourse on public policies
and government finances in India. It draws the attention of the government to policy issues such as the magnitude and
quality of public expenditure in social sectors and budgetary strategies for social inclusion, and advocates for greater
transparency, accountability and space for public participation in budget processes.
This document provides an overview of community health needs assessments. It defines different types of needs, explains the purpose and benefits of assessments, and outlines the process. A health needs assessment is a systematic review of issues facing a population to identify priorities and allocate resources to improve health and reduce inequality. It involves understanding problems, potential solutions, and selecting issues based on impact, changeability, acceptability, and feasibility of resources. The seven essential steps of an assessment include clarifying the problem, breaking it into components, measuring its scope, reviewing current services, assessing alternative solutions, deciding care models, and setting success criteria.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 8, Complications During Hemodialysis, Part 2 - Dr.GawadNephroTube - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/FHV_jNJUt3Y
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/D5kYfTMFA8E
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Coronary Circulation and Ischemic Heart Disease_AntiCopy.pdfMedicoseAcademics
In this lecture, we delve into the intricate anatomy and physiology of the coronary blood supply, a crucial aspect of cardiac function. We begin by examining the physiological anatomy of the coronary arteries, which lie on the heart's surface and penetrate the cardiac muscle mass to supply essential nutrients. Notably, only the innermost layer of the endocardial surface receives direct nourishment from the blood within the cardiac chambers.
We then explore the specifics of coronary circulation, including the dynamics of blood flow at rest and during strenuous activity. The impact of cardiac muscle compression on coronary blood flow, particularly during systole and diastole, is discussed, highlighting why this phenomenon is more pronounced in the left ventricle than the right.
Regulation of coronary circulation is a complex process influenced by autonomic and local metabolic factors. We discuss the roles of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, emphasizing the dominance of local metabolic factors such as hypoxia and adenosine in coronary vasodilation. Concepts like autoregulation, active hyperemia, and reactive hyperemia are explained to illustrate how the heart adjusts blood flow to meet varying oxygen demands.
Ischemic heart disease is a major focus, with an exploration of acute coronary artery occlusion, myocardial infarction, and subsequent physiological changes. The lecture covers the progression from acute occlusion to infarction, the body's compensatory mechanisms, and the potential complications leading to death, such as cardiac failure, pulmonary edema, fibrillation, and cardiac rupture.
We also examine coronary steal syndrome, a condition where increased cardiac activity diverts blood flow away from ischemic areas, exacerbating the condition. The long-term impact of myocardial infarction on cardiac reserve is discussed, showing how the heart's capacity to handle increased workloads is significantly reduced.
Angina pectoris, a common manifestation of ischemic heart disease, is analyzed in terms of its causes, presentation, and referred pain patterns. We identify factors that exacerbate anginal pain and discuss both medical and surgical treatment options.
Finally, the lecture includes a case study to apply theoretical knowledge to a practical scenario, helping students understand the real-world implications of coronary circulation and ischemic heart disease. The role of biochemical factors in cardiac pain and the interpretation of ECG changes in myocardial infarction are also covered.
Case presentation of a 14-year-old female presenting as unilateral breast enlargement and found to have a giant breast lipoma. The tumour was successfully excised with the result that the presumed unilateral breast enlargement reverting back to normal. A review of management including a photo of the removed Giant Lipoma is presented.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 8, Complications During Hemodialysis, Part 3 - Dr.GawadNephroTube - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/pCU7Plqbo-E
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/kbDs1uaeyyo
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
A comparative study on uroculturome antimicrobial susceptibility in apparentl...Bhoj Raj Singh
The uroculturome indicates the profile of culturable microbes inhabiting the urinary tract, and it is often required to do a urine culture to find an effective antimicrobial to treat UTIs. This study targeted to understand the profile of culturable pathogens in the urine of apparently healthy (128) and humans with clinical UTIs (161). In urine samples from UTI cases, microbial counts were 1.2×104 ± 6.02×103 colony-forming units (cfu)/ mL, while in urine samples from apparently healthy humans, the average count was 3.33± 1.34×103 cfu/ mL. In eight samples (six from UTI cases and two from apparently healthy people) of urine, Candida (C. albicans 3, C. catenulata 1, C. krusei 1, C. tropicalis 1, C. parapsiplosis 1, C. gulliermondii 1) and Rhizopus species (1) were detected. Candida krusei was detected only in a single urine sample from a healthy person and C. albicans was detected both in urine of healthy and clinical UTI cases. Fungal strains were always detected with one or more types of bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria were more commonly (OR, 1.98; CI99, 1.01-3.87) detected in urine samples of apparently healthy humans, and Gram -ve bacteria (OR, 2.74; CI99, 1.44-5.23) in urines of UTI cases. From urine samples of 161 UTI cases, a total of 90 different types of microbes were detected and, 73 samples had only a single type of bacteria. In contrast, 49, 29, 3, 4, 1, and 2 samples had 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 types of bacteria, respectively. The most common bacteria detected in urine of UTI cases was Escherichia coli detected in 52 samples, in 20 cases as the single type of bacteria, other 34 types of bacteria were detected in pure form in 53 cases. From 128 urine samples of apparently healthy people, 88 types of microbes were detected either singly or in association with others, from 64 urine samples only a single type of bacteria was detected while 34, 13, 3, 11, 2 and 1 samples yielded 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and seven types of microbes, respectively. In the urine of apparently healthy humans too, E. coli was the most common bacteria, detected in pure culture from 10 samples followed by Staphylococcus haemolyticus (9), S. intermedius (5), and S. aureus (5), and similar types of bacteria also dominated in cases of mixed occurrence, E. coli was detected in 26, S. aureus in 22 and S. haemolyticus in 19 urine samples, respectively. Gram +ve bacteria isolated from urine samples' irrespective of health status were more often (p, <0.01) resistant than Gram -ve bacteria to ajowan oil, holy basil oil, cinnamaldehyde, and cinnamon oil, but more susceptible to sandalwood oil (p, <0.01). However, for antibiotics, Gram +ve were more often susceptible than Gram -ve bacteria to cephalosporins, doxycycline, and nitrofurantoin. The study concludes that to understand the role of good and bad bacteria in the urinary tract microbiome more targeted studies are needed to discern the isolates at the pathotype level.
Westgard's rules and LJ (Levey Jennings) Charts.Reenaz Shaik
Quality Control is a process used to monitor and evaluate the analytical process that produces patients results. Planning, documenting and agreeing on a set of guidelines ensures quality.
Exploring Alternatives- Why Laparoscopy Isn't Always Best for Hydrosalpinx.pptxFFragrant
Not all women with hydrosalpinx should choose laparoscopy. Natural medicine Fuyan Pill can also be a nice option for patients, especially when they have fertility needs.
Veterinary Medicines Manufacturers in IndiaHeilsaa Care
Veterinary Medicines Manufacturers in India: We are living in the modern world, and with all modern advancements, we still rely on animals for eggs, milk, food, etc. Like humans, there is a huge need for veterinary healthcare products and medicines. And a large proportion of the Indian population is involved in animal husbandry and they would like to ensure quality medical treatment for their livestock.
Ontotext’s Clinical Trials Eligibility Design Assistant helps with one of the most challenging tasks in study design: selecting the proper patient population.
POTENTIAL TARGET DISEASES FOR GENE THERAPY SOURAV.pptxsouravpaul769171
Theoretically, gene therapy is the permanent solution for genetic diseases. But it has several complexities. At its current stage, it is not accessible to most people due to its huge cost. A breakthrough may come anytime and a day may come when almost every disease will have a gene therapy Gene therapy have the potential to revolutionize the practice of medicine.
Why Does Seminal Vesiculitis Causes Jelly-like Sperm.pptxAmandaChou9
Seminal vesiculitis can cause jelly-like sperm. Fortunately, herbal medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can eliminate symptoms and cure the disease.
TEST BANK For Katzung's Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 16th Edition By {Tod...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Katzung's Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 16th Edition By {Todd W. Vanderah, 2024,} Verified Chapter
TEST BANK For Katzung's Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 16th Edition By {Todd W. Vanderah, 2024,} Verified Chapter
TEST BANK For Katzung's Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 16th Edition By {Todd W. Vanderah, 2024,} Verified Chapter
4. What is budget advocacy?
Strategic approach to influence
governments’ budget choices,
aimed at achieving clear and
specific outcomes- e.g. healthier
people, less poverty, improved
governance for nutrition or any
other worthy course International Budget Partnership
5. Budget Advocacy Steps
• Step 1: Selecting an issue or problem to address
• Step 2: Developing a goal and objectives for budget advocacy
• Step 3: Assessing your external and internal context
• Step 4: Identifying your target audiences
• Step 5: Crafting your budget advocacy message(s)
• Step 6: Creating an action plan
• Step 8: Measuring success
6. Budget Advocacy Essential capacities
1.Budget Analysis: The capacity to secure budget
information, analyze it and explain its
implications in clear and compelling ways
2.Engaging for change: Implementing budget
advocacy strategies that will yield results,
Selecting the most effective way/channels to
reach your targets (politicians, stakeholders),
mobilizing the public
8. The Budget Cycle
1. Guidelines
and ceilings
established
2. Draft
budget
developed
and
consulted
3. Negotiation
4. Review and
approval
5.
Disbursement,
expenditure,
monitoring
9. The Budget Cycle: Entry Points
1. Guidelines
and ceilings
established
2. Draft
budget
developed
and consulted
3. Negotiation
4. Review and
approval
5.
Disbursement,
expenditure,
monitoring
WHAT: health Ceiling, geographic
distribution, new priorities
HOW: Shape dialogue at national
level, targeting ministry of finance
Adapted From: R. Mbuya-Brown and H. Sapuwa, Health Budget Advocacy: A Guide for Civil Society in Malawi (Washington, DC: Futures Group, 2015).
11. Review
At this phase, you can:
•Seek to know what plan the party in power has for the
people
•Communicate the people’s needs to the party
•Document and cost the promise
Line Ministries
• Work with NGOs/CBOs by making relevant information availably
12. The Budget Cycle: Entry Points
1. Guidelines
and ceilings
established
2. Draft
budget
developed
and consulted
3. Negotiation
4. Review and
approval
5.
Disbursement,
expenditure,
monitoring
Adapted From: R. Mbuya-Brown and H. Sapuwa, Health Budget Advocacy: A Guide for Civil Society in Malawi (Washington, DC: Futures Group, 2015).
WHAT: Allocations within
health budget
HOW: Outreach to ministry of
health
13. Budget Formulation (Drafting)
At this phase, CSO’s can influence budget allocations by:
• Researching nutrition needs of different groups
• Disseminating findings of budget analysis
• Producing alternative or ‘shadow’ budgets
• Making suggestions about additions/reallocations to the budget
proposal
Line Ministries can ensure:
• Budget is line with nutrition plans and is adequate
• Be armed with evidence to defend before department
• Lobby influential individuals in MDAs to ensure budget is not removed
• Work closely with NGOs/CSOs for technical assistance in generating
evidence for advocacy/lobbying.
14. The Budget Cycle: Entry Points
1. Guidelines
and ceilings
established
2. Draft
budget
developed
and consulted
3. Negotiation
4. Review and
approval
5.
Disbursement,
expenditure,
monitoring
Adapted From: R. Mbuya-Brown and H. Sapuwa, Health Budget Advocacy: A Guide for Civil Society in Malawi (Washington, DC: Futures Group, 2015).
WHAT: Support
state actors in
negotiations
HOW: Provide
evidence to justify
budget request
15. The Budget Cycle: Entry Points
1. Guidelines
and ceilings
established
2. Draft
budget
developed
and consulted
3. Negotiation
4. Review and
approval
5.
Disbursement,
expenditure,
monitoring
Adapted From: R. Mbuya-Brown and H. Sapuwa, Health Budget Advocacy: A Guide for Civil Society in Malawi (Washington, DC: Futures Group,
2015).
WHAT: Build
support among
parliament
HOW: Outreach
to committee
members and
media
16. Enactment (Approval by Parliament)
At this phase, CSOs can increase public awareness of the nutrition
budget by:
• Campaigning to make the enactment process open and transparent
• Publishing a critical synopsis of the budget
• Engaging with the media (to act as a watchdog), officials (to gain access
to information) and the public (to increase pressure to make the process
more open and transparent)
• Working with parliamentarians to influence reallocations or changes to the
budget proposal
Line Ministries
• Supply relevant information to shape campaign in favour of nutrition
• Budget defense done by one educated on nutrition issues
17. The Budget Cycle: Entry Points
1. Guidelines
and ceilings
established
2. Draft
budget
developed
and consulted
3. Negotiation
4. Review and
approval
5.
Disbursement,
expenditure,
monitoring
Adapted From: R. Mbuya-Brown and H. Sapuwa, Health Budget Advocacy: A Guide for Civil Society in Malawi (Washington, DC: Futures Group, 2015).
WHAT: Highlight issues
and increase
transparency
HOW: Track
expenditures against
allocations and
disseminate
discrepancies
18. Execution (Implementation)
At this phase, CSOs can help citizens hold the government to
account by:
• Organizing local budget advocacy groups
• Measuring the impact of budget allocations and disseminating findings
• Monitoring implementation/budget spending throughout the budget
cycle
Line Ministries
• Collaborate with local budget groups to promote transparency &
accountability and efficient use of scarce resources
• Submit you memos on time and lobby to get approval/releases/cash
backing
• Focus spending on high impact nutrition intervention
• Make sure your burn rate is high
19. Auditing (Checking that funds were spent as planned)
• At this phase, CSOs can contribute to the review of the budget
by:
• Researching the impact on specific population groups (e.g. urban and
rural communities, women, children, people with disabilities, or people
from minority ethnic communities)
• Weighing up inputs against outputs
• Making recommendations about how the following year’s budget
allocation for the nutrition sector needs to change
Line Ministries
• Efficient documentation to show impact of intervention
• Efficient use of resources for maximum impact
20. Monitoring Budget Outcomes for Accountability
•Level of spending: Is the amount spent adequate? Do
expenditures match allocations?
•Composition of spending: Are expenditures aligned
with needs and priorities?
•Efficiency of spending: Are funds spent well? Is
wastage minimized?
Adapted From: Save the Children, Health Sector Budget Advocacy: A Guide for Civil Society Organisations, 2013.
21. Success factors
• Partnerships and alliances - Government, CSOs, Legislators, people
directly affected
• Access to credible and timely information
• Persistence, dedication and ongoing work
• Sustainability of gains is more when those directly affected are
involved
• Understanding of how to navigate political terrain
• Local – National – International (Interconnect for greater results)
• Strong coalition building- great strategy
• Readiness to seize moments that presents itself to engage for change
24. Definition
“An action plan is a document that lists what steps must
be taken in order to achieve a specific goal. The purpose
of an action plan is to clarify what resources are required
to reach the goal, formulate a timeline for when specific
tasks need to be completed and determine what
resources are required”
25. GOOD ACTION PLAN
•The action plan should meet several criteria.
•Is the action plan:
Complete? Does it list all the action steps or changes to be
sought
Clear? Is it apparent who will do what by when?
Current? Does the action plan reflect the current work? Does
it anticipate newly emerging opportunities and barriers
27. Budget Advocacy Strategy Development
•Objective (SMARTER)
•Audience (Constituents, opponents, allies)
•Message
•Partners and alliances
•Message delivery
•Action plan
28. Key Considerations in budget advocacy Action Planning
•Working with insiders (SNOs, Directors, PS etc.)
•working with Influencers (Governors wife, Friends
of Governor etc.)
•working with allies and champions (Any person
with influence & is passionate about issues)
•working with coalitions or networks
•working with media
29. Group Work: Action plan on Budget Advocacy
Participants working in groups will use template below to draw up plans on how to implement
budget advocacy in their states
Specific objectives
Expected Results
Advocacy Targets & allies
Resources
S/N Activity By whom Timeline Budget
Risks/Challenges to Achieve
Specific Objectives
Strategies to Mitigate
Risks/Challenges:
30. References
• PRB NA4L - Budget Mapping2.pptx: Adapted From: Save the Children, Health Sector
Budget Advocacy: A Guide for Civil Society Organisations, 2013.
• https://www.internationalbudget.org
• CS-SUNN Budgeting for Health and Nutrition: Trend Analysis 2017