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1
SEEDCHANGE
#ConvertibleNotes
About Your Hosts
Kevin Smith
Founder and CEO
Gadiel Morantes
Partner
SEEDCHANGE
What’s a convertible note
(and why should you care)?
3www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
• Historically used for bridge
rounds
• Now standard for early stage
funding (unless you’re in
ROW)
• When to use convertible
notes:
– Seed
– Bridge
– Supplement
Startup funding cycle
4www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com

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This document discusses sources of finance for businesses. It identifies long-term sources like equity shares, preference shares, debentures, and long-term bank loans that provide fixed capital. Short-term sources include trade credit, installment credit, advances, bank overdrafts, bills discounted, short-term loans, and commercial paper that supply working capital and liquidity. The document also outlines factors to consider when choosing a source of finance like the purpose of funds, amount needed, costs involved, and tax implications.

Looks like a fish, flies like a bird. . . .
5
• Debt / equity hybrid
• Technically debt (interest and terms)
• Behaves (mostly) like stock: will convert when
the company does a sizeable equity
investment round
www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
IOU
The FAB of convertible notes—
Features
6
• Short agreement
• Simple
• Flexible
• No company valuation
• (Largely) standardized terms
www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
Advantages of convertible notes
7
• Short  Quick close(s)
• Simple  Low legal fees
• Flexible  Close any time
• No valuation  No negotiation
• Standard terms  No negotiation
www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
Benefits of convertible notes
8
• Short  Quick close(s)  Save time
• Simple  Low legal fees  Save $
• Flexible  Close any time  JIT funding
• No valuation  No negotiation  Save $/time
• Standard terms  No negotiation Save $/time
www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com

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How it works: a 1-page manual
9
• Decide amount of round and minimum investment
• Provide note terms to (accredited) investor
• Agree terms
• Sign and date
– the note purchase agreement (company and investor) and
– the note (company)
• Exchange executed note purchase agreement and
note for check/wire
• Add noteholder to cap table (debt page)
Convertible note is classified as debt
until it converts to equity
www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
All the terms that matter
10www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
• Interest rate
• Note term (Maturity date)
• Discount
• Note cap
Interest rate
11
• All convertible notes include interest rate: IRS says so
• Methods for determining the interest rate:
– Round number: 5%
– Tied to accepted standard: LIBOR
• Interest is paid in shares, not cash
• Interest begins to accrue on the date the note is signed
• Interest is paid when the note converts to stock
www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
Use 5%
Term (Maturity date)
12
• Date of conversion/repayment
• Typically converts after 12 or 18 months
• On maturity
• Convert or repay
• If neither, talk to your investors about amending
the note purchase agreement
www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
Use term = 18 months

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Discount
13
• Discount on share purchase at time of
conversion to stock
• Compensates early investors for greater
risk
• 20% is standard
• Recent trend in Silicon Valley toward
15%, 10%, 0% discount
www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
Use 20%
Convertible note cap
14
• Dilution protection, not company valuation
• Allows conversion to stock at a ratio
guaranteed not to fall below $_____
• Aligns incentives between investors and
founders
• Investor chooses to convert using either note
cap or discount – not both
Median note cap = more or less approx.
something like $4.5 million
www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
Conversion example #1
15www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
Assumptions:
Note converts after equity investment of $1.5m.
Excludes 5% interest paid to noteholders in the form of shares issued at the time of conversion.
Assumes no post-money option pool (the last worksheet adds an option pool to this scenario)
Company (pre-funding): DISCOUNT CAP
Shares outstanding* 8,500,000 Series A at conversion Series A at conversion
Effective valuation $3,781,250 Effective valuation $3,925,000
Convertible note terms: Share price $0.44 Share price $0.46
Note Size $575,000 No. of shares 3,371,901 No. of shares 3,248,408
Note Cap $4,500,000 Equity 25.00% Equity 25.00%
Note Discount 20%
Note Holder at conversion Note Holder at conversion
Series A terms: Share price $0.36 Share price $0.46
Series A investment $1,500,000 No. of shares 1,615,702 No. of shares 1,245,223
Series A valuation $4,500,000 Equity 11.98% <----- Equity 9.58%
Return 1.25x Return 1.00x
Note holder converts via DISCOUNT -----> CONCLUSION
At this Series A valuation, the note converts
using the DISCOUNT, creating 2.4% more
equity for the note holder compared to a
CAP. The note holder's return on the Series A
is 1.25x.
Cap Table (Ownership) shares %
Team 8,500,000 63.02%
*Shares issued to founders and
employees
Series A 3,371,901 25.00%
Note holder 1,615,702 11.98%
13,487,603 100.00%
Conversion example #2
16www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
Assumptions:
Note converts after equity investment of $1.5m.
Excludes 5% interest paid to noteholders in the form of shares issued at the time of conversion.
Assumes no post-money option pool
Company (pre-funding): DISCOUNT CAP
Shares outstanding* 8,500,000 Series A at conversion Series A at conversion
Effective valuation $12,781,250 Effective valuation $11,775,000
Convertible note terms: Share price $1.50 Share price $1.39
Note Size $575,000 No. of shares 997,555 No. of shares 1,082,803
Note Cap $4,500,000 Equity 10.00% Equity 10.00%
Note Discount 20%
Note Holder at conversion Note Holder at conversion
Series A terms: Share price $1.20 Share price $0.46
Series A investment $1,500,000 No. of shares 477,995 No. of shares 1,245,223
Series A valuation $13,500,000 Equity 4.79% -----> Equity 11.50%
Return 1.25x Return 3.00x
Note holder converts via CAP -----> CONCLUSION
At this Series A valuation, the note converts
using the CAP, creating 6.71% more equity
for the note holder compared to a
DISCOUNT. The note holder's return on the
Series A is 3x.
Cap Table (Ownership) shares %
Team 8,500,000 78.50%
*Shares issued to founders and
employees
Series A 1,082,803 10.00%
Note holder 1,245,223 11.50%
10,828,025 100.00%

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This document discusses various sources of financing for startups, including self-funding, friends and family investments, angel investors, venture capitalists, and government grants. It notes that angels and VCs have different priorities when evaluating deals, with angels focusing more on involvement and filling gaps, while VCs prioritize potential exit routes. For early financing, startups typically use convertible debt, as it has minimal costs and postpones valuation negotiations. The document also outlines some key venture capital investment terms.

Angel Bootcamp - Angel Investing: Terms and Issues - Dave Young
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POB finance lecture 1
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This document provides an introduction to finance concepts for a business principles course. It discusses key topics like the importance of cash over profit, debt versus equity sources of funding, and the working capital cycle. The learning outcomes are to explain the difference between cash and profit, compare debt and equity, evaluate financing options, and understand the importance of cash flow to a business. The document also outlines different sources of funding like loans, leasing, overdrafts, and shares, and how their costs vary based on risk level.

The down sides of convertible notes
(and an alternative)
17
• It’s still debt—and investors really want equity
• Debt incurs interest—and investors really don’t
care
• Debt has to be repaid---but what if you can’t?
Why not create something that looks and acts
more like stock?
Someone did: SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity)
www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
Q&A and Thank You!
Kevin Smith
415 Jackson Street
San Francisco, CA 94111
www.seedchange.com
info@seedchange.com
1.877.711.9883
@seedchange
Gadiel Morantes
www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
contact@earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
415.234.3437
@EarlyGrowthFS
SEEDCHANGE

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Convertible Notes: What Founders Need to Know

  • 2. About Your Hosts Kevin Smith Founder and CEO Gadiel Morantes Partner SEEDCHANGE
  • 3. What’s a convertible note (and why should you care)? 3www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com • Historically used for bridge rounds • Now standard for early stage funding (unless you’re in ROW) • When to use convertible notes: – Seed – Bridge – Supplement
  • 4. Startup funding cycle 4www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
  • 5. Looks like a fish, flies like a bird. . . . 5 • Debt / equity hybrid • Technically debt (interest and terms) • Behaves (mostly) like stock: will convert when the company does a sizeable equity investment round www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com IOU
  • 6. The FAB of convertible notes— Features 6 • Short agreement • Simple • Flexible • No company valuation • (Largely) standardized terms www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
  • 7. Advantages of convertible notes 7 • Short  Quick close(s) • Simple  Low legal fees • Flexible  Close any time • No valuation  No negotiation • Standard terms  No negotiation www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
  • 8. Benefits of convertible notes 8 • Short  Quick close(s)  Save time • Simple  Low legal fees  Save $ • Flexible  Close any time  JIT funding • No valuation  No negotiation  Save $/time • Standard terms  No negotiation Save $/time www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
  • 9. How it works: a 1-page manual 9 • Decide amount of round and minimum investment • Provide note terms to (accredited) investor • Agree terms • Sign and date – the note purchase agreement (company and investor) and – the note (company) • Exchange executed note purchase agreement and note for check/wire • Add noteholder to cap table (debt page) Convertible note is classified as debt until it converts to equity www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
  • 10. All the terms that matter 10www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com • Interest rate • Note term (Maturity date) • Discount • Note cap
  • 11. Interest rate 11 • All convertible notes include interest rate: IRS says so • Methods for determining the interest rate: – Round number: 5% – Tied to accepted standard: LIBOR • Interest is paid in shares, not cash • Interest begins to accrue on the date the note is signed • Interest is paid when the note converts to stock www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com Use 5%
  • 12. Term (Maturity date) 12 • Date of conversion/repayment • Typically converts after 12 or 18 months • On maturity • Convert or repay • If neither, talk to your investors about amending the note purchase agreement www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com Use term = 18 months
  • 13. Discount 13 • Discount on share purchase at time of conversion to stock • Compensates early investors for greater risk • 20% is standard • Recent trend in Silicon Valley toward 15%, 10%, 0% discount www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com Use 20%
  • 14. Convertible note cap 14 • Dilution protection, not company valuation • Allows conversion to stock at a ratio guaranteed not to fall below $_____ • Aligns incentives between investors and founders • Investor chooses to convert using either note cap or discount – not both Median note cap = more or less approx. something like $4.5 million www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
  • 15. Conversion example #1 15www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com Assumptions: Note converts after equity investment of $1.5m. Excludes 5% interest paid to noteholders in the form of shares issued at the time of conversion. Assumes no post-money option pool (the last worksheet adds an option pool to this scenario) Company (pre-funding): DISCOUNT CAP Shares outstanding* 8,500,000 Series A at conversion Series A at conversion Effective valuation $3,781,250 Effective valuation $3,925,000 Convertible note terms: Share price $0.44 Share price $0.46 Note Size $575,000 No. of shares 3,371,901 No. of shares 3,248,408 Note Cap $4,500,000 Equity 25.00% Equity 25.00% Note Discount 20% Note Holder at conversion Note Holder at conversion Series A terms: Share price $0.36 Share price $0.46 Series A investment $1,500,000 No. of shares 1,615,702 No. of shares 1,245,223 Series A valuation $4,500,000 Equity 11.98% <----- Equity 9.58% Return 1.25x Return 1.00x Note holder converts via DISCOUNT -----> CONCLUSION At this Series A valuation, the note converts using the DISCOUNT, creating 2.4% more equity for the note holder compared to a CAP. The note holder's return on the Series A is 1.25x. Cap Table (Ownership) shares % Team 8,500,000 63.02% *Shares issued to founders and employees Series A 3,371,901 25.00% Note holder 1,615,702 11.98% 13,487,603 100.00%
  • 16. Conversion example #2 16www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com Assumptions: Note converts after equity investment of $1.5m. Excludes 5% interest paid to noteholders in the form of shares issued at the time of conversion. Assumes no post-money option pool Company (pre-funding): DISCOUNT CAP Shares outstanding* 8,500,000 Series A at conversion Series A at conversion Effective valuation $12,781,250 Effective valuation $11,775,000 Convertible note terms: Share price $1.50 Share price $1.39 Note Size $575,000 No. of shares 997,555 No. of shares 1,082,803 Note Cap $4,500,000 Equity 10.00% Equity 10.00% Note Discount 20% Note Holder at conversion Note Holder at conversion Series A terms: Share price $1.20 Share price $0.46 Series A investment $1,500,000 No. of shares 477,995 No. of shares 1,245,223 Series A valuation $13,500,000 Equity 4.79% -----> Equity 11.50% Return 1.25x Return 3.00x Note holder converts via CAP -----> CONCLUSION At this Series A valuation, the note converts using the CAP, creating 6.71% more equity for the note holder compared to a DISCOUNT. The note holder's return on the Series A is 3x. Cap Table (Ownership) shares % Team 8,500,000 78.50% *Shares issued to founders and employees Series A 1,082,803 10.00% Note holder 1,245,223 11.50% 10,828,025 100.00%
  • 17. The down sides of convertible notes (and an alternative) 17 • It’s still debt—and investors really want equity • Debt incurs interest—and investors really don’t care • Debt has to be repaid---but what if you can’t? Why not create something that looks and acts more like stock? Someone did: SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity) www.seedchange.com www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com
  • 18. Q&A and Thank You! Kevin Smith 415 Jackson Street San Francisco, CA 94111 www.seedchange.com info@seedchange.com 1.877.711.9883 @seedchange Gadiel Morantes www.earlygrowthfinancialservices.com contact@earlygrowthfinancialservices.com 415.234.3437 @EarlyGrowthFS SEEDCHANGE