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Business Models/Customer Development




                    Henrik Berglund
             Chalmers University of Technology
              Center for Business Innovation
                  henber@chalmers.se
                 www.henrikberglund.com
                     @khberglund

2013-02-15                                       1
Presentation based on




                by Steve Blank and Bob Dorf

                More info: www.steveblank.com
Buy the book: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0984999302/
Using slides from




developed by Steve Blank and Bob Dorf
  http://www.slideshare.net/sblank/
Agenda
1. Startups
2. Business Models (briefly)
3. Customer Development

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Traditional Development Process


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                              Test      1st Ship
Traditional Development Process
                    Has Two Implicit Assumptions

Customer Problem: known
          Concept         Product Dev.   Alpha/Beta   Launch/
                                            Test      1st Ship


Product Features: known



          Works well for incremental development projects
                   targeting existing customers.
Tradition – Hire Marketing


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                      - Create Marcom        - Hire PR Agency   - Create Demand
Marketing               Materials            - Early Buzz       - Launch Event
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                        - Create Marcom        - Hire PR Agency         - Create Demand
Marketing                 Materials            - Early Buzz             - Launch Event
                        - Create Positioning                            - “Branding”


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Sales                                          - Hire 1st Sales Staff   Organization

Business                                       - Hire First Bus Dev     - Do deals for FCS
Development
Examples - Recognize these?
What’s wrong with this picture?
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                                Test      1st Ship


 • Both Customer Problems and Product Features
   are hypotheses
 • Emphasis on execution rather than learning and
   discovery
 • No relevant milestones for marketing and sales
 • Often leads to premature scaling and a heavy
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 You do not know if you are wrong until you
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What We Now Know


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Founders run a
 Customer Development Team

No sales, marketing and business
          development
Search                     Execution
 Strategy        Business Model
                                              Operating Plan +
                   Hypotheses
                                              Financial Model

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 Process
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Organization
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Business Models
Business Model
          Key activities           Value proposition        Customer
                                                           relationships


Key partners
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                                                                       segments




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        structure          resources                             streams

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          Key activities           Value proposition        Customer
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Key partners
                                                                       Customer
                                                                       segments




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               A framework for making your assumptions explicit
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Customer Segments

Who is the customer?
Multi-sided market?
Different from user?




http://www.businessmodelalchemist.com/2012/08/achieve-product-market-fit-with-our-brand-
new-value-proposition-designer.html
Customer Segments
                                  - jobs to be done

What functional jobs is your customer
trying get done? (e.g. perform or
complete a specific task, solve a specific
problem…)

What social jobs is your customer trying
to get done? (e.g. trying to look good,
gain power or status…)

What emotional jobs is your customer
                                               “What jobs are the customers you are
trying get done? (e.g. esthetics, feel good,
                                               targeting trying to get done”
security…)
Customer Segments
                                   - customer pains

What does your customer find too costly?
(e.g. takes a lot of time, costs, effort)

What makes your customer feel bad?
(e.g. frustrations, annoyances)

How are current solutions under-
performing for your customer?
(e.g. lack of features, performance,
malfunction)                                   “What are the costs, negative emotions, bad
                                               situations etc. that your customer risks
What negative social consequences does         experiencing before, during, and after getting
your customer encounter or fear?               the job done.”
(e.g. loss of face, power, trust, or status)
Customer Segments
                                 - customer gains

Which savings would make your customer
happy? (e.g. in terms of time, money and
effort)

What would make your customer’s job or
life easier? (e.g. flatter learning curve,
more services, lower cost of ownership)

What positive social consequences does
your customer desire? (e.g. makes them
look good, increase in power, status)
                                             “What are the benefits your customer
                                             expects, desires or would be surprised by.”
What are customers looking for? (e.g.
good design, guarantees, features)

What do customers dream about? (e.g.
big achievements, big reliefs)

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What are you building?
For whom?
Value Propositions

What are your products and
services?

How do they create value for
the customer segments?
Value Propositions
Can your product/service:

• Produce savings?

• Make your customers feel
  better?

• Put an end to difficulties?

• Wipe out negative social
  consequences?
Value Propositions
Can your product/service:

• Outperform current
  solutions?

• Produce outcomes that go
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• Make your customer’s job
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• Create positive social
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Key activities           Value proposition        Customer
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Guess    Guess
                                  Guess

                 Guess
         Guess           Guess




        Guess             Guess
The goal is not to remain a startup


                                         Large
  Startup           Transition
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The goal of a startup is to become a large company!
           Failure = failure to transition.
Part 3

Customer Development

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To repeat
To repeat


      More startups fail from
 a lack of customers than from a
failure of product development…
… because they think startups = small companies…
…they focus on executing the plan…
   Concept     Product Dev.   Alpha/Beta   Launch/
                                 Test      1st Ship


  • Both Customer Problems and Product Features
    are hypotheses
  • Emphasis on execution rather than learning and
    discovery
  • No relevant milestones for marketing and sales
  • Often leads to premature scaling and a heavy
    spending hit if product launch fails

   You do not know if you are wrong until you
           are out of money/business

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… so they scale on untested assumptions…
… and end up going bust.



“We have been too visionary. We
wanted everything to be perfect, and
we have not had control of costs"

Ernst Malmsten
(BBC News, May 18 2000)
So what to do?
Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013

Recommended for you

Customer Development: Key Ideas

• Parallel process to Product Development (agile)

• Measurable checkpoints not tied to FCS but to customer
  insights

• Emphasis on iterative learning and discovery before execution

• Must be done by small team including CEO/project leader
Customer Development Heuristics

• There are no facts inside, so get out of the building!

• Earlyvangelists make your company, and are smarter than you!

• Develop a minimum viable product to maximize fast learning.
Customer Development: Four Stages
   search


                                execution
     • Customer Discovery
        Articulate and Test your Business Model Hypotheses
     • Customer Validation
        Sell your MVP and Validate your MB & Sales Roadmap
     • Customer Creation
        Scale via relentless execution and fill the sales pipeline
     • Company Building
        (Re)build company’s organization & management
Customer Discovery




• Articulate and test
  your BM hypotheses
  (value prop/customers key)
• No selling, just listening
• Must be done by founder

Recommended for you

Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013
But,
Realize it’s just Hypotheses!
Guess
Guess    Guess
                                  Guess

                 Guess
         Guess           Guess




        Guess             Guess
Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013

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Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013
Test Customer Problem Hypotheses

”Do you have this
problem?”
1.
2.
3.
Test Customer Problem Hypotheses

”Do you have this   ”Tell me about it, how
problem?”           do you solve it today?”
1.                  1.
2.                  2.
3.                  3.
Test Customer Problem Hypotheses

”Do you have this     ”Tell me about it, how    ”Does something like this
problem?”             do you solve it today?”   solve your problem?”
1.                    1.                        1.
2.                    2.                        2.
3.                    3.                        3.

Listen carefully to what they say at each step!

Focus on learning - Don’t try to sell them on your idea!

In the process you find out about other BM parts as well:
workflow, benefits (to users & others), preferred channels, critical
influencers, respected peers etc…

You want to become a domain expert!

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Finding people

Introductions (ask everyone you know)

• Provide the exact text that they can copy and paste into
  a tweet or email (They’re doing you a favor! Make it as
  easy as possible for them)
• Tell them exactly how you are going to communicate
  with their contacts (They’re risking a bit of social capital
  for you. Be very clear that you won’t spam or annoy
  people)
• Tell them your goals (What do you think you’ll get/learn
  if they make this intro for you? People want to know
  that they’re contributing to a bigger picture!)
Finding people

          AdWords, Facebook Ads, Promoted Tweets

          Summarize your idea and get it in front of people who have
          expressed an interest in it by having searched for your
          keywords and clicked your ad – get conversations (and/or
          test hypotheses using landing pages).




http://www.cindyalvarez.com/best-practices/customer-
development-interviews-how-to-finding-people
Finding people

Twitter Search

Look for people who have already discussed a similar
product, problem, or solution and address a tweet directly
to them:

   “@username Would love yr feedback on
   [product/problem/solution] – shd only take 2mins [URL]
   thanks!”
Finding people

Google Alerts

Set up Google Alerts for your product/problem/solution –
when it finds relevant blog posts or comments, email and
ask for feedback:

   “I read your [post/comment] about
   [product/problem/solution]. I’m currently working on a
   related idea and I think your opinion would be very
   valuable to me – could you take 2 minutes and check
   out [URL]? Thank you – I’d be happy to return the favor
   any time.”

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Interview tips




http://www.giffconstable.com/2011/07/12-tips-for-customer-
development-interviews-revised/
Web

Much faster to build =>
get quantitative feedback sooner.

Use a low-fi landing page as substitute for –
and introduction to – conversations.

Key to drive traffic through
AdWords/Facebook Ads/Promoted Tweets
etc.

Build (design test), measure (run test) and
analyze (evaluate test)!
Landing page design




http://blog.kissmetrics.com/landing-page-blueprint/
Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013

Recommended for you

Reality check!



CustDev and ProdDev teams meet and discuss
the lessons learned from the field.

  ”Here is what we thought about customers and
  their problems, here is what we found out”

BM hypotheses, product specs or both are jointly
revised.
Test Solution Hypothesis

1) ”We believe you have this important problem”
 – listen (check).

2) Demo how your product solves the problem. Focusing
on a few key features.

Include workflow story: ”life before our product” and
”life after our product” – listen!

3) ”What would this solution need to have for you to
purchase it?” Listen, ask follow up questions.
Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013
Dropbox
• 1st solution test: a three minute video made in the
  founder’s apartment before a complete code was
  written.
   – Generated valuable feedback from visionary customers.
• 2nd solution test: another video of the product that was
  posted on a social network.
   – Waiting list jumped from 5 000 to 75 000.
• Dropbox’s original intent was to build and ship their
  product in eight weeks.
• Instead, they gathered feedback and launched a public
  version 18 months later.

Recommended for you

Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013
Test Product Hypotheses

After demoing, ask about other things:
   Positioning – how do they describe the product?
   Product category (new, existing, resegmented)
   Competitors
   Features needed for first version
   Preferred revenue model
   Pricing
   Additional service needs
   Marketing – how do they find this type of product?
   Purchasing process
   Who has a budget?
   etc.
Web

Build out a high-fidelity web page with “functioning”
back-end, based on lessons learned.

“Mechanical Turk”-solution.

Ask for money: first “pre-order” then charging.

Continue to test, measure and analyze!
Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013

Recommended for you

Reality check!



CustDev and ProdDev teams meet and discuss
the lessons learned.

  ”Here is what we thought about product
  features and here is what we found out”

BM hypotheses, product specs or both are again
jointly revised.
Customer Discovery: Exit Criteria

   What are your customers top problems?
      How much will they pay to solve them?

   Does your product concept solve them?
      Do customers agree?
      How much will they pay for it?

   Can you draw a day-in-the-life of a customer?
      Before & after your product

   Can you draw the org charts of users, buyers
   and channels?
Customer Validation




• Develop and sell MVP to passionate earlyvangelists
• Validate a repeatable sales roadmap
• Verify the business model
Minimal Viable Product

Based on your insights from Customer Discovery, sell
the smallest feature set customers are willing to pay
for!

   • Purpose 1: Reduce wasted engineering hours
     (and wasted code)

   • Purpose 2: Get something into the hands of
     earlyvangelists as soon as possible => maximize
     learning!

Recommended for you

The Apple I, Apple’s first product, was sold as an assembled circuit board
and lacked basic features such as a keyboard, monitor and case.
The owner of this unit added a keyboard and a wooden case.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.
Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013
Minimal Viable Product

The MVP is not the goal = Requires commitment
to iteration!

  • “A complex system that works is invariably
    found to have evolved from a simple system
    that worked.”

  • “A complex system designed from scratch
    never works and cannot be made to work.
    You have to start over, beginning with a
    working simple system.”

Recommended for you

Types of earlyvangelists

                                           Not
1. Has a problem
                                          helpful

2. Understands he or she has a problem

3. Actively searching for a solution
4. Cobbled together an interim solution
5. Committed and can quickly fund         Jackpot!
   a solution
Customer Validation: Exit Criteria

     Do you have a proven sales roadmap?
     Organization chart? Influence map?
     No staffing until roadmap is proven!


     Do you have a set of orders ($’s) of the
     product validating the roadmap?

     Is the business model scalable?
     LTV > CAC, Cash
If yes – Start executing
If no – Pivot!




       • The heart of Customer Development
       • Change without crisis
        (and without firing executives)
“The idea that successful startups change directions but
stay grounded in what they've learned”

Recommended for you

Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013
Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013
Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013
Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013

Recommended for you

Pivot




  Adapt the Business Model
  until you can prove it
  works
search


         execution
Customer Creation




• Grow customers from few to many
• Comes after proof of sales
• Inject $’s for scale
• This is where you “cross the chasm”
• “Growth Hacking”
Company Building




• (Re)build company’s organization & management
• Dev.-centric   Mission-centric   Process-centric

Recommended for you

Summary – Customer Development




    • Customer Discovery
       Articulate and Test your Business Model Hypotheses
    • Customer Validation
       Sell your MVP and Validate your BM & Sales Roadmap
    • Customer Creation
       Scale via relentless execution and fill the sales pipeline
    • Company Building
       (Re)build company’s organization & management
Don’t do a Boo!
Concept                Product Dev.   Alpha/Beta   Launch/
                                         Test      1st Ship




   “We have been too visionary. We
   wanted everything to be perfect, and
   we have not had control of costs"

   Ernst Malmsten
   (BBC News, May 18 2000)
Tack!



                    Henrik Berglund
             Chalmers University of Technology
              Center for Business Innovation
                  henber@chalmers.se
                 www.henrikberglund.com

                     @khberglund


2013-02-15                                       143
Presentation based on




                by Steve Blank and Bob Dorf

                More info: www.steveblank.com
Buy the book: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0984999302/

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developed by Steve Blank and Bob Dorf
  http://www.slideshare.net/sblank/

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Henrik Berglund, Venture Cup, feb 2013

  • 1. Business Models/Customer Development Henrik Berglund Chalmers University of Technology Center for Business Innovation henber@chalmers.se www.henrikberglund.com @khberglund 2013-02-15 1
  • 2. Presentation based on by Steve Blank and Bob Dorf More info: www.steveblank.com Buy the book: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0984999302/
  • 3. Using slides from developed by Steve Blank and Bob Dorf http://www.slideshare.net/sblank/
  • 4. Agenda 1. Startups 2. Business Models (briefly) 3. Customer Development
  • 5. Part 1 Startups (What We Used to Believe What We Now Know)
  • 6. What We Used to Believe
  • 7. Startups are a Smaller Version of a Large Company
  • 8. What We Now Know
  • 9. Startups ≠ Small companies
  • 11. What We Used to Believe Strategy
  • 12. Start by developing a Business Plan…
  • 13. …make the financial forecasts…
  • 15. What We Now Know Strategy
  • 17. Develop and Execute the Business Plan
  • 18. Why?
  • 19. No Business Plan survives first contact with customers
  • 20. “Everybody has a plan until they get punched in the face” Mike Tyson
  • 21. Searching for a Business Model comes before Executing a business plan
  • 22. Business Models Key activities Value proposition Customer relationships Key partners Customer segments Cost Key Channels Revenue structure resources streams http://www.businessmodelalchemist.com/
  • 23. Search Execution Business Model Operating Plan + Strategy Hypotheses Financial Model
  • 24. What We Used to Believe Process
  • 25. We Built Startups by Managing Processes Product Management + Waterfall Engineering
  • 26. Traditional Development Process Concept Product Dev. Alpha/Beta Launch/ Test 1st Ship
  • 27. Traditional Development Process Has Two Implicit Assumptions Customer Problem: known Concept Product Dev. Alpha/Beta Launch/ Test 1st Ship Product Features: known Works well for incremental development projects targeting existing customers.
  • 28. Tradition – Hire Marketing Concept Product Dev. Alpha/Beta Launch/ Test 1st Ship - Create Marcom - Hire PR Agency - Create Demand Marketing Materials - Early Buzz - Launch Event - Create Positioning - “Branding”
  • 29. Tradition – Hire Sales Concept Product Dev. Alpha/Beta Launch/ Test 1st Ship - Create Marcom - Hire PR Agency - Create Demand Marketing Materials - Early Buzz - Launch Event - Create Positioning - “Branding” - Hire Sales VP - Build Sales Sales - Hire 1st Sales Staff Organization
  • 30. Tradition – Hire Business Development Concept Product Dev. Alpha/Beta Launch/ Test 1st Ship - Create Marcom - Hire PR Agency - Create Demand Marketing Materials - Early Buzz - Launch Event - Create Positioning - “Branding” - Hire Sales VP - Build Sales Sales - Hire 1st Sales Staff Organization Business - Hire First Bus Dev - Do deals for FCS Development
  • 32. What’s wrong with this picture? Concept Product Dev. Alpha/Beta Launch/ Test 1st Ship • Both Customer Problems and Product Features are hypotheses • Emphasis on execution rather than learning and discovery • No relevant milestones for marketing and sales • Often leads to premature scaling and a heavy spending hit if product launch fails You do not know if you are wrong until you are out of money/business
  • 33. Concept Product Dev. Alpha/Beta Launch/ Test 1st Ship - Create Marcom - Hire PR Agency - Create Demand Marketing Materials - Early Buzz - Launch Event - Create Positioning - “Branding” - Hire Sales VP - Build Sales Sales - Hire 1st Sales Staff Organization Business - Hire First Bus Dev - Do deals for FCS Development
  • 34. What We Now Know Process
  • 35. Product and Customer Development Product Development Concept Product Dev. Alpha/Beta Launch/ Test 1st Ship + Customer Development Customer Customer Customer Company Discovery Validation Creation Building
  • 36. Product and Customer Development Problem: unknown Solution: unknown
  • 37. Search Execution Strategy Business Model Operating Plan + Hypotheses Financial Model Process Customer & Product Management & Waterfall Development Agile Development
  • 38. What We Used to Believe Organization
  • 39. Hire and Build a Functional Organization
  • 42. What We Now Know Organization
  • 43. Founders run a Customer Development Team No sales, marketing and business development
  • 44. Search Execution Strategy Business Model Operating Plan + Hypotheses Financial Model Customer Development, Product Management Process Agile Development Agile or Waterfall Development Customer Functional Organization Organization Development Team, by Department Founder-driven
  • 46. Business Model Key activities Value proposition Customer relationships Key partners Customer segments Cost Key Channels Revenue structure resources streams http://www.businessmodelalchemist.com/
  • 47. Business Model Key activities Value proposition Customer relationships Key partners Customer segments Cost Key Channels Revenue structure resources streams A framework for making your assumptions explicit
  • 48. Customer Segments Who are the customers? Why would they buy?
  • 49. Customer Segments Who is the customer? Multi-sided market? Different from user? http://www.businessmodelalchemist.com/2012/08/achieve-product-market-fit-with-our-brand- new-value-proposition-designer.html
  • 50. Customer Segments - jobs to be done What functional jobs is your customer trying get done? (e.g. perform or complete a specific task, solve a specific problem…) What social jobs is your customer trying to get done? (e.g. trying to look good, gain power or status…) What emotional jobs is your customer “What jobs are the customers you are trying get done? (e.g. esthetics, feel good, targeting trying to get done” security…)
  • 51. Customer Segments - customer pains What does your customer find too costly? (e.g. takes a lot of time, costs, effort) What makes your customer feel bad? (e.g. frustrations, annoyances) How are current solutions under- performing for your customer? (e.g. lack of features, performance, malfunction) “What are the costs, negative emotions, bad situations etc. that your customer risks What negative social consequences does experiencing before, during, and after getting your customer encounter or fear? the job done.” (e.g. loss of face, power, trust, or status)
  • 52. Customer Segments - customer gains Which savings would make your customer happy? (e.g. in terms of time, money and effort) What would make your customer’s job or life easier? (e.g. flatter learning curve, more services, lower cost of ownership) What positive social consequences does your customer desire? (e.g. makes them look good, increase in power, status) “What are the benefits your customer expects, desires or would be surprised by.” What are customers looking for? (e.g. good design, guarantees, features) What do customers dream about? (e.g. big achievements, big reliefs)
  • 53. Value Propositions What are you building? For whom?
  • 54. Value Propositions What are your products and services? How do they create value for the customer segments?
  • 55. Value Propositions Can your product/service: • Produce savings? • Make your customers feel better? • Put an end to difficulties? • Wipe out negative social consequences?
  • 56. Value Propositions Can your product/service: • Outperform current solutions? • Produce outcomes that go beyond their expectations? • Make your customer’s job or life easier? • Create positive social consequences?
  • 57. Product Market Fit Getting this right is essential!
  • 58. Product Market Fit Getting this right is essential!
  • 59. Channels How does your product get to customers?
  • 60. How Do You Want Your Product to Get to Your Customer?  Yourself  Through someone else  Retail  Wholesale  Bundled with other goods or services 60
  • 63. How Does Your Customer Want to Buy Your Product from your Channel?  • Same day  • Delivered and installed • Downloaded  • Bundled with other  products  • As a service • …  63
  • 64. Customer Relationships How do you get/keep/grow customers?
  • 66. Revenue Streams How do you make money?
  • 67. Key Resources What are your most important assets?
  • 68. Key Activities What activities are most important for the business?
  • 69. Key Partnerships Who are your key partners and suppliers?
  • 70. Cost Structure What are the costs of operating the business model?
  • 71. Key activities Value proposition Customer relationships Key partners Customer Visualization of the segments business model framwork Cost Key Channels Revenue structure resources streams
  • 74. What’s a Company? A business organization, which sells a product or service in exchange for revenue and profit
  • 75. How are Companies organized?
  • 76. How are Companies organized? Companies are organized around Business Models
  • 77. How are Companies organized? Companies are organized around Business Models
  • 79. What’s a Startup? A temporary organization designed to search for a repeatable and scalable business model
  • 80. What’s a Startup? A temporary organization designed to search for a repeatable and scalable business model
  • 81. What’s a Startup? A temporary organization designed to search for a repeatable and scalable business model
  • 82. Guess Guess Guess Guess Guess Guess Guess Guess Guess
  • 83. The goal is not to remain a startup Large Startup Transition Company The goal of a startup is to become a large company! Failure = failure to transition.
  • 86. To repeat More startups fail from a lack of customers than from a failure of product development…
  • 87. … because they think startups = small companies…
  • 88. …they focus on executing the plan… Concept Product Dev. Alpha/Beta Launch/ Test 1st Ship • Both Customer Problems and Product Features are hypotheses • Emphasis on execution rather than learning and discovery • No relevant milestones for marketing and sales • Often leads to premature scaling and a heavy spending hit if product launch fails You do not know if you are wrong until you are out of money/business
  • 89. … so they scale on untested assumptions…
  • 90. … and end up going bust. “We have been too visionary. We wanted everything to be perfect, and we have not had control of costs" Ernst Malmsten (BBC News, May 18 2000)
  • 91. So what to do?
  • 93. Customer Development: Key Ideas • Parallel process to Product Development (agile) • Measurable checkpoints not tied to FCS but to customer insights • Emphasis on iterative learning and discovery before execution • Must be done by small team including CEO/project leader
  • 94. Customer Development Heuristics • There are no facts inside, so get out of the building! • Earlyvangelists make your company, and are smarter than you! • Develop a minimum viable product to maximize fast learning.
  • 95. Customer Development: Four Stages search execution • Customer Discovery Articulate and Test your Business Model Hypotheses • Customer Validation Sell your MVP and Validate your MB & Sales Roadmap • Customer Creation Scale via relentless execution and fill the sales pipeline • Company Building (Re)build company’s organization & management
  • 96. Customer Discovery • Articulate and test your BM hypotheses (value prop/customers key) • No selling, just listening • Must be done by founder
  • 99. Guess Guess Guess Guess Guess Guess Guess Guess Guess
  • 102. Test Customer Problem Hypotheses ”Do you have this problem?” 1. 2. 3.
  • 103. Test Customer Problem Hypotheses ”Do you have this ”Tell me about it, how problem?” do you solve it today?” 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3.
  • 104. Test Customer Problem Hypotheses ”Do you have this ”Tell me about it, how ”Does something like this problem?” do you solve it today?” solve your problem?” 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. Listen carefully to what they say at each step! Focus on learning - Don’t try to sell them on your idea! In the process you find out about other BM parts as well: workflow, benefits (to users & others), preferred channels, critical influencers, respected peers etc… You want to become a domain expert!
  • 105. Finding people Introductions (ask everyone you know) • Provide the exact text that they can copy and paste into a tweet or email (They’re doing you a favor! Make it as easy as possible for them) • Tell them exactly how you are going to communicate with their contacts (They’re risking a bit of social capital for you. Be very clear that you won’t spam or annoy people) • Tell them your goals (What do you think you’ll get/learn if they make this intro for you? People want to know that they’re contributing to a bigger picture!)
  • 106. Finding people AdWords, Facebook Ads, Promoted Tweets Summarize your idea and get it in front of people who have expressed an interest in it by having searched for your keywords and clicked your ad – get conversations (and/or test hypotheses using landing pages). http://www.cindyalvarez.com/best-practices/customer- development-interviews-how-to-finding-people
  • 107. Finding people Twitter Search Look for people who have already discussed a similar product, problem, or solution and address a tweet directly to them: “@username Would love yr feedback on [product/problem/solution] – shd only take 2mins [URL] thanks!”
  • 108. Finding people Google Alerts Set up Google Alerts for your product/problem/solution – when it finds relevant blog posts or comments, email and ask for feedback: “I read your [post/comment] about [product/problem/solution]. I’m currently working on a related idea and I think your opinion would be very valuable to me – could you take 2 minutes and check out [URL]? Thank you – I’d be happy to return the favor any time.”
  • 110. Web Much faster to build => get quantitative feedback sooner. Use a low-fi landing page as substitute for – and introduction to – conversations. Key to drive traffic through AdWords/Facebook Ads/Promoted Tweets etc. Build (design test), measure (run test) and analyze (evaluate test)!
  • 113. Reality check! CustDev and ProdDev teams meet and discuss the lessons learned from the field. ”Here is what we thought about customers and their problems, here is what we found out” BM hypotheses, product specs or both are jointly revised.
  • 114. Test Solution Hypothesis 1) ”We believe you have this important problem” – listen (check). 2) Demo how your product solves the problem. Focusing on a few key features. Include workflow story: ”life before our product” and ”life after our product” – listen! 3) ”What would this solution need to have for you to purchase it?” Listen, ask follow up questions.
  • 116. Dropbox • 1st solution test: a three minute video made in the founder’s apartment before a complete code was written. – Generated valuable feedback from visionary customers. • 2nd solution test: another video of the product that was posted on a social network. – Waiting list jumped from 5 000 to 75 000. • Dropbox’s original intent was to build and ship their product in eight weeks. • Instead, they gathered feedback and launched a public version 18 months later.
  • 118. Test Product Hypotheses After demoing, ask about other things: Positioning – how do they describe the product? Product category (new, existing, resegmented) Competitors Features needed for first version Preferred revenue model Pricing Additional service needs Marketing – how do they find this type of product? Purchasing process Who has a budget? etc.
  • 119. Web Build out a high-fidelity web page with “functioning” back-end, based on lessons learned. “Mechanical Turk”-solution. Ask for money: first “pre-order” then charging. Continue to test, measure and analyze!
  • 121. Reality check! CustDev and ProdDev teams meet and discuss the lessons learned. ”Here is what we thought about product features and here is what we found out” BM hypotheses, product specs or both are again jointly revised.
  • 122. Customer Discovery: Exit Criteria What are your customers top problems? How much will they pay to solve them? Does your product concept solve them? Do customers agree? How much will they pay for it? Can you draw a day-in-the-life of a customer? Before & after your product Can you draw the org charts of users, buyers and channels?
  • 123. Customer Validation • Develop and sell MVP to passionate earlyvangelists • Validate a repeatable sales roadmap • Verify the business model
  • 124. Minimal Viable Product Based on your insights from Customer Discovery, sell the smallest feature set customers are willing to pay for! • Purpose 1: Reduce wasted engineering hours (and wasted code) • Purpose 2: Get something into the hands of earlyvangelists as soon as possible => maximize learning!
  • 125. The Apple I, Apple’s first product, was sold as an assembled circuit board and lacked basic features such as a keyboard, monitor and case.
  • 126. The owner of this unit added a keyboard and a wooden case. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.
  • 128. Minimal Viable Product The MVP is not the goal = Requires commitment to iteration! • “A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked.” • “A complex system designed from scratch never works and cannot be made to work. You have to start over, beginning with a working simple system.”
  • 129. Types of earlyvangelists Not 1. Has a problem helpful 2. Understands he or she has a problem 3. Actively searching for a solution 4. Cobbled together an interim solution 5. Committed and can quickly fund Jackpot! a solution
  • 130. Customer Validation: Exit Criteria Do you have a proven sales roadmap? Organization chart? Influence map? No staffing until roadmap is proven! Do you have a set of orders ($’s) of the product validating the roadmap? Is the business model scalable? LTV > CAC, Cash
  • 131. If yes – Start executing
  • 132. If no – Pivot! • The heart of Customer Development • Change without crisis (and without firing executives) “The idea that successful startups change directions but stay grounded in what they've learned”
  • 137. Pivot Adapt the Business Model until you can prove it works
  • 138. search execution
  • 139. Customer Creation • Grow customers from few to many • Comes after proof of sales • Inject $’s for scale • This is where you “cross the chasm” • “Growth Hacking”
  • 140. Company Building • (Re)build company’s organization & management • Dev.-centric Mission-centric Process-centric
  • 141. Summary – Customer Development • Customer Discovery Articulate and Test your Business Model Hypotheses • Customer Validation Sell your MVP and Validate your BM & Sales Roadmap • Customer Creation Scale via relentless execution and fill the sales pipeline • Company Building (Re)build company’s organization & management
  • 142. Don’t do a Boo! Concept Product Dev. Alpha/Beta Launch/ Test 1st Ship “We have been too visionary. We wanted everything to be perfect, and we have not had control of costs" Ernst Malmsten (BBC News, May 18 2000)
  • 143. Tack! Henrik Berglund Chalmers University of Technology Center for Business Innovation henber@chalmers.se www.henrikberglund.com @khberglund 2013-02-15 143
  • 144. Presentation based on by Steve Blank and Bob Dorf More info: www.steveblank.com Buy the book: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0984999302/
  • 145. Using slides from developed by Steve Blank and Bob Dorf http://www.slideshare.net/sblank/

Editor's Notes

  1. November 16 2011 – CSE.
  2. November 16 2011 – CSE.
  3. November 16 2011 – CSE.
  4. Dynamic
  5. The one Process of a Startups
  6. Segment examples:Mass marketNiche marketSegmented marketMulti-sided markets
  7. P 22
  8. P 22
  9. Most Value Propositions compete with others for the same Customer Segment. I like thinking of this as an “open slot” that will be filled by the company with the best fit.
  10. P 26
  11. Acquire, retain, upsellPersonal, intimate, automatic, co-creating (Facebook)
  12. Asset sale, service, subscription, licensing, advertising
  13. Physical, intellectual, human etc
  14. Production, sales, customer insighting, user-interface design, network development,
  15. Alliances, partners,
  16. Fixed, variable, how do they change with scale etc.
  17. The one Process of a Startups
  18. Youare not Apple 2012.Youare Apple 1978.
  19. Preparethis in advance!
  20. Preparethis in advance!
  21. Preparethis in advance!
  22. Metodkurs. Kvalitativt, tolkande, socially desirable answers, påverkainte.
  23. The user problem you’retryingtosolve. How the userencountersyour solution.Howyour solution willwork (from the user’sperspective). How the userwill benefit.
  24. Quite similar to Customer Validation in web.
  25. http://dl.dropbox.com/u/27532820/original_screencast.html
  26. Repeatable
  27. thepoint, a now largely inactive site primarily for activists and philanthropists who wanted to encourage like-minded people to invest and support their causes. http://www.thepoint.com/
  28. Now 16,4 million
  29. November 16 2011 – CSE.
  30. November 16 2011 – CSE.