LTE Basics - II

This document provides an overview of LTE functionalities and features. It begins with background on LTE development and standardization. It then describes the LTE network elements and interfaces, including the radio interface between UE and eNB. The document reviews the RRM framework and lists key RRM features, providing status updates on which features are ready in the current release or planned for future releases. It also includes roadmaps showing the planned features and timeline for LTE releases. The document appears to be an internal presentation on LTE technologies and the Nokia Siemens Networks product roadmap.

The document discusses UMTS planning and dimensioning processes. It describes: 1) The overall planning process which includes system dimensioning, radio network planning, pre-launch optimization, performance monitoring, and post-launch optimization. 2) The inputs, assumptions, and steps used for air interface dimensioning which includes uplink and downlink link budget analysis to determine coverage requirements and capacity needs. 3) Traffic modelling and load calculation methods to estimate subscriber traffic per cell based on factors like subscriber density, traffic profiles, and cell area.

The document discusses LTE network planning procedures which involve gathering information, dimensioning capacity and coverage, and detailed planning. The key steps are: 1. Information gathering involves collecting data on subscriber usage patterns, network inventory, RF features, and coverage areas. 2. Dimensioning is divided into capacity and coverage steps. Capacity dimensioning calculates the number of sites needed based on traffic loads. Coverage dimensioning models uplink and downlink budgets to determine signal strengths and cell radii. 3. Detailed planning uses the results of dimensioning to simulate predictions and finalize parameters like transmission settings and neighbor configurations.

The document discusses PCI (Physical Cell Identity) planning in LTE networks. It describes the cell search process where the UE detects the PCI from the PSS and SSS. The PCI is used to determine the location of reference signals and avoid interference. The document recommends strategies for PCI planning such as assigning color groups to sectors and code groups to sites to avoid conflicting PCI combinations in adjacent cells. It also discusses tools to analyze potential PCI interference and make changes to mitigate issues.

LTE uses various frequency bands and duplexing techniques to provide high-speed data and peak download speeds of up to 300 Mbps. It supports mobility of up to 350 km/h and uses advanced technologies like OFDM, SC-FDMA, MIMO and turbo coding to achieve low latency and high bandwidth. LTE specifications define channel bandwidths of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz with modulation schemes of QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM.

This document provides formulas and proposed targets for key performance indicators (KPIs) related to LTE network monitoring. It includes KPIs for LTE OSS statistics measured at the network level and LTE drive test KPIs measured through field testing. For each KPI, it provides the detailed formula, measurement methodology, and a brief description. The goal is to establish a framework for initial discussion on monitoring LTE network performance.

The document discusses key technologies in LTE including access techniques, MIMO, scheduling, link adaptation, and HARQ. It covers OFDM and SC-FDMA used for downlink and uplink access, benefits of MIMO including improved SINR and shared SINR through modes like transmit diversity, receive diversity, and spatial multiplexing. Scheduling considers factors like CQI and aims for fairness and throughput. Link adaptation uses CQI and MCS to optimize air interface efficiency. HARQ enables recovery of errors at the MAC layer through retransmissions.

The document provides an overview of cellular communications signaling for LTE, LTE-A, and 4G technologies. It describes the LTE architecture including functions of the evolved node B, mobility management entity, serving gateway, home subscriber server, and PDN gateway. It also provides details on the LTE physical layer including OFDMA modulation, reference signal measurements for handover, and an example handover procedure using the X2 interface. In conclusion, it discusses key criteria for designing handovers and aspects for further research.

This document provides an overview of the architecture and components of a Nokia BSS (Base Station Subsystem). It describes the functional units of the BSC3i including the BCSU, MCMU, OMU, PCU, hard disks, and MO unit. It also outlines the GSWB, clock, and ET units. The document is intended to provide basic information to BSS engineers on the BSC architecture and troubleshooting process.

This document provides an overview of the LTE1841 Inter Frequency Load Equalization feature. It describes the motivation and goals of the feature, which are to equalize load between inter-frequency cells by maintaining the load difference between partner cells according to a configured delta. The technical details section explains the key aspects of how load is measured and exchanged between cells, how the active mode load equalization state is determined, and the process for candidate UE selection and load equalization execution.

The document provides an overview of LTE and its evolution from previous cellular standards. It discusses the targets of LTE including high data rates up to 100 Mbps, low latency, high spectral efficiency, and flexibility in spectrum and bandwidth. It also describes the EPS architecture with E-UTRAN, EPC, and the air interface structure of LTE including OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. Key layers like the PHY, MAC, and RLC layers are also summarized.

This document outlines an agenda for a presentation on LTE basics and advanced topics. The presentation will cover LTE fundamentals including frame structures, reference signals, physical channels, signal processing architecture, and UE categories. It will then discuss advanced LTE topics such as MIMO modes, precoding techniques, CQI reporting, and LTE-Advanced developments. Diagrams and explanations are provided on key aspects of the LTE physical layer such as OFDMA transmission schemes, frame formats, reference signal patterns, and the transmitter and receiver processing chains.

This document provides an overview of the network architecture and signalling protocols in UMTS networks. It describes the main network elements of UTRAN, UE and CN. It explains the interfaces between these elements and the protocols used for communication, including RRC for UE-RNC signalling, RANAP for RNC-CN signalling, and NAS protocols for non-access signalling between UE and CN. It also summarizes the protocol stacks used over the Iu interfaces between RNC and CN for circuit-switched and packet-switched domains.

The document discusses LTE network architecture including nodes like the eNodeB, MME, SGW and PGW, and their functions. It also outlines the basic LTE call flows for initial call setup, detach procedures, idle-to-active transitions, and handovers. Key call flow steps include attach request, authentication, context setup, and establishment of bearers between the UE and PDN gateway.

- To support CS services like voice in LTE networks, different phases of evolution have been proposed including CSFB and VoLTE. - CSFB allows CS services to work by falling back to legacy 2G/3G networks, while VoLTE supports native voice over IP capabilities in LTE. - SRVCC allows seamless handover of VoLTE calls between LTE and legacy networks by transferring sessions between the core networks.

•CPS (Call Processing Software): LTE Control & Bearer Protocol processing •OAM (Operation and Maintenance): eNB Operation and Maintenance •MW (Middleware): IPC and Redundancy function •IPRS (IP Routing Software): Routing protocol operation •NP SW (Network Processor Software): Packet forwarding function •OS (Operating System): Embedded Linux •DD (Device Driver): initializing and setting the devices

This document outlines an agenda for eight sessions on LTE system overview and operation. Session 1 provides an overview of LTE cellular systems, specifications, and network architecture. Sessions 2-8 cover OFDMA and SCFDMA concepts, LTE transmission schemes, protocol architecture, MIMO, UE operations, cell acquisition procedures, handover, and UE testing. The document lists references on LTE system design books and 3GPP specifications.

The document provides an overview of LTE physical layer specifications including OFDMA frame structure, resource block structure, protocol architecture, physical channel structure and procedures, UE measurements like RSRP and RSRQ, and key enabling technologies of LTE such as OFDM, SC-FDMA, and MIMO. It describes the LTE requirements for high peak data rates, low latency, support for high mobility users, and enhanced broadcast services.

This document discusses radio frequency (RF) optimization for WCDMA networks. It describes typical RF problems such as issues with the neighbor cell list, poor coverage, and interference. Three case studies are provided as examples. The first case involves a call drop due to a missing neighbor cell. The second case is a call drop caused by an incorrect neighbor cell configuration. The third case examines high call drop rates resulting from inter-frequency handover settings. Solutions provided include updating the neighbor cell list, correcting the neighbor cell configuration, and modifying inter-frequency handover parameters.

This document is a master report on WCDMA RF optimization that provides information and solutions for analyzing and resolving problems in the RF part of a WCDMA network. It discusses basic processes for RF optimization including optimizing signal coverage and controlling pilot pollution. It also covers network problem analysis, the work process used, and data collection tools and techniques. The report aims to present a manual for UMTS data collection and optimization based on experiences from the UAE Etisalat network.

This presentation provides an overview of several radio features in UMTS networks, including admission control, congestion control, power control, channel type switching, adaptive multi-rate switching, and open loop transmit diversity. Admission control guarantees quality of service by controlling the number of users. Congestion control resolves overload situations through call removal or delaying packets. Power control aims to minimize transmit power while maintaining link quality. Channel type switching optimizes channel usage for bursty traffic. Adaptive multi-rate switching adapts bit rates for coverage and capacity. Open loop transmit diversity provides coverage and capacity gains through additional diversity.

- Fourier introduced Fourier series in 1807 to solve the heat equation in a metal plate. The heat equation is a partial differential equation describing the distribution of heat in a body over time. - Prior to Fourier's work, there was no known solution to the heat equation in the general case. Fourier's idea was to model a complicated heat source as a superposition of simple sine and cosine waves. - This superposition or linear combination of sine and cosine waves is called the Fourier series. It allows any periodic function to be decomposed into the sum of simple oscillating functions. Although originally introduced for heat problems, Fourier series have wide applications in mathematics and physics.

The document discusses various resources in an LTE network that need to be monitored to ensure capacity and quality of service. It describes several key performance indicators (KPIs) related to resources like connected users, traffic volume, paging messages, processor usage, and provides thresholds and solutions to address issues.

1. The document discusses various cellular network technologies including 2G, 3G, and 4G LTE. It explains key aspects like frequency bands, speeds, and whether voice and data are carried on separate networks. 2. The concepts of signal strength, quality, and handovers between sectors and sites are introduced. Good signal strength is defined as above -70dBm while good quality means a clean signal. 3. Different types of drive testing are described including site shakedowns to test a single location and cluster drives to evaluate multiple neighboring sites along pre-defined routes simultaneously.

The document summarizes the initial call setup process between a UE (user equipment), eNB (base station), MME (mobility management entity), HSS (home subscriber server), S-GW (serving gateway), and P-GW (packet data network gateway). It involves: 1) The UE performing random access and connection requests to the eNB; 2) Authentication and security setup between the UE, MME, and HSS; 3) Context setup and exchange of UE capability information between the UE, eNB, and MME; 4) Session creation between the MME, S-GW, and P-GW to enable data transfer.

This second webinar discusses LTE Air Interface, the link between a mobile device and the network, and a fundamental driver of the quality of the network.

The document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE) basics, including its frame structures, physical channels, reference signals, and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) processing. LTE uses orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) in the downlink and single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the uplink. It aims to achieve peak data rates of 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink in 20 MHz bandwidth allocations. The document also outlines LTE's frequency bands and reference signal structure.

Keynote speech, entitled "POPS-OFDM: Ping-pong Optimized Pulse Shaping OFDM for 5G Cellular Systems and Beyond," at the 12th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices (SSD'2015), March 2015, Mahdia, Tunisia

Keynote speech, entitled "POPS-OFDM:Ping-Pong Optimized Pulse Shaping OFDM for 5G Cellular Systems and Beyond," presented at the 2015 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC'2015), held in Hammamet, Tunisia, in May 2015

The document provides an introduction to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique. It discusses that OFDM divides the available spectrum into multiple subcarriers, with each subcarrier being modulated by a low data rate stream. This allows high-speed data transmission and effectiveness in combating frequency selective fading channels. The document also gives a brief history of OFDM, describes how OFDM relates to multicarrier transmission, and lists some applications of OFDM such as digital audio broadcasting, high-definition television, and wireless LAN standards.