The document provides an overview of open educational resources (OER). It discusses the history of OER, including early initiatives like Project Gutenberg and MIT OpenCourseWare. It defines OER according to organizations like UNESCO and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. The document outlines the principles of OER, including being freely available, adaptable, and openly licensed. It discusses advantages like lower costs, improved access, and customization possibilities. Potential weaknesses include issues with quality control, sustainability, and reliance on internet access.
This document discusses e-content and online e-learning platforms. It defines e-content as digital content delivered electronically for educational purposes. It describes various forms of e-content including text, videos, assessments, and resources. The document outlines the ADDIE model for designing e-content which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. It provides details on developing e-content scripts and using a four quadrant approach. Finally, it discusses online e-learning platforms like MOOCs, their features, assessments, and how they can provide credentials or credit.
The document discusses the UGC-CEC (Consortium for Educational Communication), which was established by the University Grants Commission of India to address the needs of higher education through television and information communication technology. It provides coordination, guidance, and support to media centers in universities. The CEC conducts research on educational communication and experiments with new technologies to increase the reach of educational programs.
It talks about paradigm shift meaning with examples. It also talks about what is pedagogy, Andragogy & Heutagogy. It deals about Keys Principles , differences between andragogy, pedagogy &HEUTAGOGY & ROLE of teachers in developing PARADIGMS SHIFT.
This document discusses various types of e-resources including e-books, e-journals, online databases, and social media platforms. It outlines the advantages of e-resources such as easy retrieval of information, ability to search across many resources simultaneously, and convenience of access from any computer. The document also discusses specific e-resources like educational blogs, podcasts, virtual classrooms, and e-learning, outlining how they can be used for teaching and learning.
EDUSAT was India's first educational satellite, launched in 2004. It provides audio-visual and interactive educational programs to schools, colleges, and universities across India. Some key functions of EDUSAT include providing cost-effective and interactive education nationwide, implementing virtual classrooms for remote areas, and opening possibilities for online teaching and video conferencing. The satellite helps enhance distance education programs in fields like medicine, engineering, and other higher education.
Open educational resources (OER) are teaching and learning materials that are freely available online for anyone to use, adapt and share. OER include full courses, textbooks, modules, videos and other materials. There are several advantages to using OER, such as reducing costs for students, increasing accessibility of educational resources worldwide, and allowing for customization and incorporation of updated content. However, some disadvantages include the effort required to evaluate and validate large volumes of OER materials, lack of funds to support ongoing updates and maintenance, and potential issues with attribution, copyright and access to technology for disadvantaged students.
The document discusses virtual classrooms as teaching and learning environments located within computer-mediated communication systems where all activities and interactions take place through computers instead of face-to-face. Virtual classrooms may involve synchronous online meetings and presentations as well as asynchronous events and consist of a mixture of these. They utilize technologies like course management applications, multimedia resources, the internet and videoconferencing. Advantages for students include accessibility from anywhere with an internet connection and flexibility in schedule. Advantages for teachers include accessibility from anywhere with a computer and more efficient updating of materials. Google Classroom is highlighted as a useful virtual classroom software that is free, accessible anywhere and supports tracking of student progress and scheduling of materials.
This document discusses e-learning, including its definition as electronic learning using computers and web technology. It outlines several modes of e-learning like web-based learning, virtual classrooms, and webinars. The advantages of e-learning are easy access, flexibility, and different learning styles, while disadvantages include costs, lack of equipment, and feeling of isolation. Common e-learning tools are YouTube, Gmail, and PowerPoint. The key difference between classroom and online learning is that e-learning saves time and allows learning anywhere, while traditional learning is limited to the classroom. COVID-19 has led to widespread school closures and a rise in online learning globally.
THE MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) IS A NEW WAY OF DISTNCE LEARNING AT THE...
This document provides an overview of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) globally and within India. It discusses the history and development of MOOCs, including early MOOC platforms in the US starting in 2011. It then describes various MOOC providers around the world, such as Coursera, edX, and Udacity. For India specifically, it outlines the national SWAYAM initiative launched in 2016 which hosts MOOCs across various academic levels. SWAYAM aims to provide high-quality online education to learners across India.
This document discusses the meaning and scope of networking in science learning. It defines a computer network as any set of computers connected to exchange data. There are three main types of networks: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Networking provides benefits for learning science such as allowing collaborative work and information sharing. It also discusses advantages like resource sharing and communication abilities, as well as disadvantages including security issues and performance degradation. The document concludes that networks can play a crucial role in developing and spreading science.
- The document discusses virtual classrooms, including definitions, types (asynchronous and synchronous), advantages, and disadvantages.
- Virtual classrooms allow participation in live training without travel by listening, participating, and asking questions from one's desktop.
- The main learning theories that can be supported are instructivism and constructivism. Technology helps transfer materials and increase remote interaction.
- Asynchronous classrooms involve offline activities where students learn at their convenience using electronic materials. Synchronous classrooms allow instant communication and sharing like a real classroom.
The document discusses blended learning, which combines different modes of delivery including classroom training, web-based training, and mobile learning. Blended learning allows for active learning and customization to individual learners. It has emerged as a natural choice for training companies and higher education due to benefits like cost savings and flexibility. Advancing technologies will continue impacting and expanding blended learning opportunities.
Importance of Open Educational Resources (OER) in Research
The one week long AICTE sponsored online STTP on “New Dimensions in Research Support Services: A Contemporary Library Perspective” being organized by Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Central Library of the J.C. Bose University, YMCA Faridabad.
SWAYAM (meaning 'Self') is a Sanskrit acronym that stands for "Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds" is an Indian Massive open online course (MOOC) platform. SWAYAM is an initiative launched by the then Ministry of Human Resource Development (M.H.R.D.) (now Ministry of Education) Government of India under Digital India to give a coordinated stage and free entry to web courses, covering all advanced education, High School and skill sector courses. It was launched on 9th July 2017 by Honorable President of India.
Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching and learning materials that reside in the public domain or are released with an open license that allows for free use, adaptation, and distribution. OER can include textbooks, videos, tests, software, and other materials used to support education. They are different from open learning in that OER focus primarily on content while open learning includes content and services. Major OER initiatives include SkillsCommons, OpenStax CNX, OER Africa, WikiEducator, and OpenCourseWare which provide open educational content and resources that can be reused and adapted for teaching and learning.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Open Educational Resources (OER). It begins by defining OER and listing some examples. It then discusses how the OER movement began in the early 2000s, including the MIT OpenCourseWare project in 2001. Key organizations that have supported OER development are also mentioned, such as UNESCO, Creative Commons, and the Hewlett Foundation. The document outlines the 5R framework that characterizes how OER can be reused, revised, remixed, redistributed, and retained. It concludes by summarizing that OER are educational resources that can be freely used or adapted under an open license.
Cite symposium Open Education, Open Educational Resources and MOOCsopen ed, o...
CITERS2014 - Learning without Limits?
http://citers2014.cite.hku.hk/program-overview/keynote-belawati/
13 June 2014 (Friday)
14:00 – 14:50
Keynote 2: Open Education, Open Educational Resources and MOOCs
Speaker: Professor Tian BELAWATI (Rector of Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia and President of the International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE))
Chair: Dr. Weiyuan ZHANG (Head of Centre for Cyber Learning, HKU SPACE)
The document discusses the history and development of open educational resources (OER). It describes how the concept of OER emerged from earlier open movements like open source software and open access. Key events and organizations that advanced OER include the introduction of learning objects in 1994, MIT's OpenCourseWare project launching in 2001, and the first Global OER Forum held by UNESCO in 2002 where the term OER was adopted. The document provides definitions of OER, examples of OER types, and discusses strategies for finding, creating, licensing, and sharing OER.
The document discusses the history and development of open educational resources (OER). It describes how the concept of OER emerged from earlier open movements like open source software and open access. Key events and organizations that advanced OER include the introduction of learning objects in 1994, MIT's OpenCourseWare project launching in 2001, and the first Global OER Forum held by UNESCO in 2002 where the term OER was adopted. The document provides definitions of OER, outlines the 5R framework for open licensing, and discusses strategies for finding, creating, sharing, and collaborating around OER.
2014 oct7 cemca-hyd-session-1-introduction to OERs
The document discusses the history and development of open educational resources (OER). It notes that while the term OER was coined in 2002, initiatives sharing openly licensed educational content began earlier, including MIT's OpenCourseWare project launched in 2001. Key developments included the introduction of the term "learning object" in 1994, the coining of "open content" in 1998, and the founding of Creative Commons in 2001 to provide improved open licenses.
Open Educational Resources (OER) refer to teaching and learning materials that can be freely used and reused without needing permission. OER have been defined by several organizations and include any type of educational content like courseware, textbooks, videos, and tests. Creative Commons licenses are commonly used to share OER and allow various levels of reuse and modification while requiring attribution. Searching and creating OER involves tools like online repositories and authoring software that facilitate finding and producing open educational content.
Open Educational Resources and Repositories: Discussion Breakout Session
These slides accompanied a breakout discussion session on open educational resources and repositories at the 2009 Intrallect Conference, 25-26 March 2009.
This document discusses copyright, open educational resources (OER), and Creative Commons licensing. It defines copyright as a form of intellectual property law that protects original creative works. OER are defined as educational resources that can be freely used and reused without restrictions. The document outlines several reasons for using OER, including zero cost, less time consumption, and supporting innovative teaching materials. It also discusses different types of Creative Commons licenses that can be applied to OER to indicate how others can use and share the content.
The document discusses the history and concepts of open educational resources (OER) and open education. It notes that MIT was the first university to make many course materials openly available online in 2001. Open education aims to improve access to knowledge worldwide using open frameworks and 21st century technology. OER are defined as teaching and learning resources that can be freely used and modified under open licenses. The challenges and benefits of open and closed educational models are debated.
The document summarizes an Open Educational Resources (OER) workshop held in Amman, Jordan on December 22, 2015. It discusses various topics related to OER including definitions, history, examples, misconceptions, Creative Commons licenses, open textbooks, OER policies, and open educational practices. The workshop covered the Oman experience with OER, the proposed Jordanian OER Center, evidence and impact of OER, and had several questions and answers sessions.
The document summarizes an Open Educational Resources (OER) workshop held in Amman, Jordan on December 22, 2015. It discusses various topics related to OER including definitions, history, examples, misconceptions, Creative Commons licenses, open textbooks, OER policies, and open educational practices. The workshop covered the Oman experience with OER, the proposed Jordanian OER Center, evidence and impact of OER, and had several questions and answers sessions.
This document discusses open educational resources (OER) and summarizes some of the key findings from an OECD/CERI study on OER. It finds that while the number of OER initiatives is growing, there is still conceptual ambiguity around what constitutes an OER. Preliminary results suggest that typical OER users are well-educated individuals, and that lack of time and reward systems are barriers to wider involvement. Proponents argue that open sharing of educational resources can increase access to knowledge and support academic values.
Mooc 101 Using Open Educational Resources in Learning
This document defines open educational resources (OERs) as educational materials that are freely available online for anyone to use, according to UNESCO. It distinguishes OERs from MOOCs by stating that OERs can be adapted and shared freely while MOOCs are online courses. The document discusses copyright laws as they apply to online resources and introduces Creative Commons licenses as an alternative that allows for legal sharing of knowledge. It provides examples of OERs, outlines their lifecycle of locate, review, revise/remix and share, and discusses both barriers such as issues of openness/free access as well as benefits like reduced costs and increased collaboration.
This document discusses agricultural libraries and their role in supporting literacy among rural farmers. It notes that India ranks highly in various agricultural metrics like farm outputs and cropped area. Agricultural science covers a wide range of topics beyond just farming, including animal husbandry, veterinary science, and horticulture. As such, agricultural information encompasses literature from various related fields. Agricultural libraries can help provide education, support research, and aid farming by disseminating this important agricultural information. The document advocates for their role in rural literacy and supporting farmers.
Libraries had to close and shift services online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This led libraries to promote digital services and resources. Librarians provided services remotely through social media, online reference services, and promoting open access materials. As libraries reopen, there will be a continued emphasis on digital services and resources to support remote learning and research.
Libraries play an important role in transforming society by promoting education, preserving cultural heritage, and providing equal access to knowledge resources. The document discusses the historical role of libraries in India's independence movement and how libraries can empower communities. It outlines the shifting roles of libraries from traditional collections to managing digital content and supporting lifelong learning. Libraries are described as social institutions that promote democracy by facilitating discourse on issues.
This document discusses the changing role of academic libraries in a "new normal" post-COVID world. It addresses how technologies like cloud computing, mobile devices, and open educational resources are impacting library collections, services, roles and staff skills. The pandemic has accelerated existing trends, such as the shift from print to digital collections and the need for libraries to support online learning and research. Moving forward, libraries will need to customize services, build digital libraries, advance repository initiatives, and collaborate more to meet evolving user needs in a time of disruption and rapid change.
Misinformation, Disinformation, Malinformation, fake news and libraries
The document discusses misinformation, fake news, and the role of libraries in combating them. It covers topics like the types of misinformation and fake news, how they spread, challenges they present, and strategies for identifying and addressing them, including media and information literacy. The document advocates for libraries to promote these literacy strategies to help people distinguish misinformation from credible information online.
The document discusses India's new National Education Policy (NEP) and the role of libraries. It notes that the NEP aims to provide universal access to quality education through digital technologies like e-learning and online learning. It emphasizes that libraries are important to support curriculum and research. Academic libraries must have digital collections in multiple languages and formats. The NEP recognizes leveraging technology while addressing equity and access issues. Librarians should focus collections and lessons on developing skills like critical thinking, problem solving, and digital/information literacy.
Learning resources(Sanskrit) : Write, Cite and Publish
This document provides information about learning resources for Sanskrit, including Sanskrit universities in India, types of learning resources, databases, journals, dictionaries, digital libraries, and e-learning portals. It discusses key resources like Shodhganga, NDLI, SWAYAM, SWAYAMPRABHA, E-PG Pathshala, and IRINS. Specific Sanskrit dictionaries, universities like Kameshwarsinh Darbhanga Sanskrit University and Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Rajasthan Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya are also mentioned.
This document discusses various technologies and tools for providing remote access to library resources, including Ezproxy, Shibboleth, OpenAthens, and RemoteXs. It defines remote access as allowing library users to access subscribed electronic resources like e-journals, e-books, and databases from anywhere at any time. It describes how these tools use protocols like SAML, URL rewriting, and tunneling to authenticate users and allow secure off-campus access to licensed library materials. Rules for responsible use of remote access services are also outlined.
This document discusses India's initiatives in e-learning and provides details on:
1) The growth of e-learning in India, including the development of early e-learning platforms in the 1990s and increased internet penetration over time.
2) The types of e-learning including synchronous, asynchronous, blended learning and various e-learning tools like blogs, podcasts and social media.
3) The advantages of e-learning including reduced costs, flexibility, scalability and the ability to access expert knowledge from around the world.
This document discusses research ethics and academic honesty. It begins by defining key terms related to research integrity and misconduct. The outline then discusses concepts of ethics, good and ethical research practices, ethical theories, data collection and presentation standards, authorship guidelines, and the process of obtaining funding. The document emphasizes principles of research ethics like autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, confidentiality, and integrity. It also defines and discusses research misconduct, including fabrication, falsification and plagiarism.
Electronic Resources Management(ERM): Issues and Challenges
The document discusses the benefits and challenges of digital libraries and electronic resources. It notes that technological advances have transformed libraries' collections from print-based to e-books and e-journals. However, many libraries have not fully implemented electronic resource management systems to help organize and provide access to these digital collections. The document outlines several benefits of electronic resources like being eco-friendly, cost-effective, and allowing remote access, as well as challenges like high initial costs, requiring technical skills, and addressing copyright and security issues.
Re- engineering of College Libraries(Commerce): issues and Challenges for 2020
This document discusses the need for re-engineering college libraries to adapt to changing user needs and technologies. It outlines several drivers requiring libraries to change, such as educational reforms, new technologies, and evolving user expectations. The author advocates for re-engineering library processes using strategies like identifying needs, forming project teams, setting objectives, and implementing and evaluating new processes. Key benefits of re-engineering include cost reduction, time savings, improved services, and competitive advantage. NAAC accreditation guidelines also emphasize the importance of developing strong college libraries.
The document discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the agriculture sector and food supply chains. It notes that agriculture is essential for food security but the pandemic has disrupted farming activities and supply chains. Labor shortages and transport issues are affecting harvesting. Prices for some crops have declined even as consumers pay more. Small poultry and dairy farmers require targeted assistance. The government is advised to ensure supply chains function smoothly and protect farm workers while continuing market access for farmers.
The document summarizes library services provided by Smt. Hansa Mehta Library during the COVID-19 lockdown period from March 24th to April 23rd. The library provided remote access to subscribed resources through KNIMBUS to allow faculty to continue research and teaching from home. Services included trial access to 30+ publishers, disseminating academic information, supporting remote access and anti-plagiarism software, and document delivery. The library also hosted webinars and saw increased virtual usage of resources during this time. Charts presented show increased page views, searches, and downloads from the institutional repository.
The document discusses institutional repositories and their role in managing and disseminating digital materials created by academic institutions and their communities. It provides definitions of institutional repositories by Clifford Lynch, describing them as services offered by universities to manage and distribute digital materials created by the institution and its members with a commitment to long-term preservation. Institutional repositories are centered around academic institutions and contain scholarly works of varying degrees produced by that institution. They aim to maximize access to and preservation of an institution's research outputs.
This document summarizes strategies that libraries around the world have adopted to continue serving users during lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many libraries have promoted digital services and resources, increased access to ebooks, and helped users access unemployment and other forms online. Library staff have taken on new roles like contact tracing or working with homeless shelters. National libraries have expanded online access to collections. Publishers and vendors have facilitated remote access to library resources. Free educational resources are also highlighted. The document provides examples of tools that can help continue teaching and learning virtually.
This document discusses various search engines that are useful for health care professionals. It begins by defining search engines and their purpose. It then describes several specialized health search engines, including MedWorm, GoPubMed, and WebMD. It also discusses meta-search engines, which simultaneously search multiple search engines and databases. Finally, it mentions some specialty search engines focused on specific medical fields like cardiology, pharmacology, and dermatology.
The document presents a study examining the use of e-journals versus print journals by healthcare professionals at HMPCME. The study found that print journals (54.63%) were used more than e-journals (28.86%), though most researchers also used e-journals. However, several issues were found with e-journals, including computer illiteracy, inability to find relevant information, and eye strain. The study concludes that continued access to print journals is preferable to an exclusive switch to e-journals, and that more training is needed for effective use of e-journal databases.
In June 2020, L.L. McKinney, a Black author of young adult novels, began the #publishingpaidme hashtag to create a discussion on how the publishing industry treats Black authors: “what they’re paid. What the marketing is. How the books are treated. How one Black book not reaching its parameters casts a shadow on all Black books and all Black authors, and that’s not the same for our white counterparts.” (Grady 2020) McKinney’s call resulted in an online discussion across 65,000 tweets between authors of all races and the creation of a Google spreadsheet that collected information on over 2,000 titles.
While the conversation was originally meant to discuss the ethical value of book publishing, it became an economic assessment by authors of how publishers treated authors of color and women authors without a full analysis of the data collected. This paper would present the data collected from relevant tweets and the Google database to show not only the range of advances among participating authors split out by their race, gender, sexual orientation and the genre of their work, but also the publishers’ treatment of their titles in terms of deal announcements and pre-pub attention in industry publications. The paper is based on a multi-year project of cleaning and evaluating the collected data to assess what it reveals about the habits and strategies of American publishers in acquiring and promoting titles from a diverse group of authors across the literary, non-fiction, children’s, mystery, romance, and SFF genres.
Here we are going to discuss how to store data in Odoo 17 Website.
It includes defining a model with few fields in it. Add demo data into the model using data directory. Also using a controller, pass the values into the template while rendering it and display the values in the website.
Lecture_Notes_Unit4_Chapter_8_9_10_RDBMS for the students affiliated by alaga...
Title: Relational Database Management System Concepts(RDBMS)
Description:
Welcome to the comprehensive guide on Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) concepts, tailored for final year B.Sc. Computer Science students affiliated with Alagappa University. This document covers fundamental principles and advanced topics in RDBMS, offering a structured approach to understanding databases in the context of modern computing. PDF content is prepared from the text book Learn Oracle 8I by JOSE A RAMALHO.
Key Topics Covered:
Main Topic : DATA INTEGRITY, CREATING AND MAINTAINING A TABLE AND INDEX
Sub-Topic :
Data Integrity,Types of Integrity, Integrity Constraints, Primary Key, Foreign key, unique key, self referential integrity,
creating and maintain a table, Modifying a table, alter a table, Deleting a table
Create an Index, Alter Index, Drop Index, Function based index, obtaining information about index, Difference between ROWID and ROWNUM
Target Audience:
Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in RDBMS principles for academic and practical applications.
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in database management.
Disclaimer:
This document is intended for educational purposes only. The content presented here reflects the author’s understanding in the field of RDBMS as of 2024.
Feedback and Contact Information:
Your feedback is valuable! For any queries or suggestions, please contact muruganjit@agacollege.in
Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)- Concept, Features, Elements, Role of advertising in IMC
Advertising: Concept, Features, Evolution of Advertising, Active Participants, Benefits of advertising to Business firms and consumers.
Classification of advertising: Geographic, Media, Target audience and Functions.
Beginner's Guide to Bypassing Falco Container Runtime Security in Kubernetes ...
This presentation, crafted for the Kubernetes Village at BSides Bangalore 2024, delves into the essentials of bypassing Falco, a leading container runtime security solution in Kubernetes. Tailored for beginners, it covers fundamental concepts, practical techniques, and real-world examples to help you understand and navigate Falco's security mechanisms effectively. Ideal for developers, security professionals, and tech enthusiasts eager to enhance their expertise in Kubernetes security and container runtime defenses.
How to Show Sample Data in Tree and Kanban View in Odoo 17
In Odoo 17, sample data serves as a valuable resource for users seeking to familiarize themselves with the functionalities and capabilities of the software prior to integrating their own information. In this slide we are going to discuss about how to show sample data to a tree view and a kanban view.
How to Add Colour Kanban Records in Odoo 17 Notebook
In Odoo 17, you can enhance the visual appearance of your Kanban view by adding color-coded records using the Notebook feature. This allows you to categorize and distinguish between different types of records based on specific criteria. By adding colors, you can quickly identify and prioritize tasks or items, improving organization and efficiency within your workflow.
Slide 1
Is Email Marketing Really Effective in 2024?
Yes, Email Marketing is still a great method for direct marketing.
Slide 2
In this article we will cover:
- What is Email Marketing?
- Pros and cons of Email Marketing.
- Tools available for Email Marketing.
- Ways to make Email Marketing effective.
Slide 3
What Is Email Marketing?
Using email to contact customers is called Email Marketing. It's a quiet and effective communication method. Mastering it can significantly boost business. In digital marketing, two long-term assets are your website and your email list. Social media apps may change, but your website and email list remain constant.
Slide 4
Types of Email Marketing:
1. Welcome Emails
2. Information Emails
3. Transactional Emails
4. Newsletter Emails
5. Lead Nurturing Emails
6. Sponsorship Emails
7. Sales Letter Emails
8. Re-Engagement Emails
9. Brand Story Emails
10. Review Request Emails
Slide 5
Advantages Of Email Marketing
1. Cost-Effective: Cheaper than other methods.
2. Easy: Simple to learn and use.
3. Targeted Audience: Reach your exact audience.
4. Detailed Messages: Convey clear, detailed messages.
5. Non-Disturbing: Less intrusive than social media.
6. Non-Irritating: Customers are less likely to get annoyed.
7. Long Format: Use detailed text, photos, and videos.
8. Easy to Unsubscribe: Customers can easily opt out.
9. Easy Tracking: Track delivery, open rates, and clicks.
10. Professional: Seen as more professional; customers read carefully.
Slide 6
Disadvantages Of Email Marketing:
1. Irrelevant Emails: Costs can rise with irrelevant emails.
2. Poor Content: Boring emails can lead to disengagement.
3. Easy Unsubscribe: Customers can easily leave your list.
Slide 7
Email Marketing Tools
Choosing a good tool involves considering:
1. Deliverability: Email delivery rate.
2. Inbox Placement: Reaching inbox, not spam or promotions.
3. Ease of Use: Simplicity of use.
4. Cost: Affordability.
5. List Maintenance: Keeping the list clean.
6. Features: Regular features like Broadcast and Sequence.
7. Automation: Better with automation.
Slide 8
Top 5 Email Marketing Tools:
1. ConvertKit
2. Get Response
3. Mailchimp
4. Active Campaign
5. Aweber
Slide 9
Email Marketing Strategy
To get good results, consider:
1. Build your own list.
2. Never buy leads.
3. Respect your customers.
4. Always provide value.
5. Don’t email just to sell.
6. Write heartfelt emails.
7. Stick to a schedule.
8. Use photos and videos.
9. Segment your list.
10. Personalize emails.
11. Ensure mobile-friendliness.
12. Optimize timing.
13. Keep designs clean.
14. Remove cold leads.
Slide 10
Uses of Email Marketing:
1. Affiliate Marketing
2. Blogging
3. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
4. Newsletter Circulation
5. Transaction Notifications
6. Information Dissemination
7. Gathering Feedback
8. Selling Courses
9. Selling Products/Services
Read Full Article:
https://digitalsamaaj.com/is-email-marketing-effective-in-2024/
Webinar Innovative assessments for SOcial Emotional Skills
Presentations by Adriano Linzarini and Daniel Catarino da Silva of the OECD Rethinking Assessment of Social and Emotional Skills project from the OECD webinar "Innovations in measuring social and emotional skills and what AI will bring next" on 5 July 2024
Now we can take look into how to configure time off types in odoo 17 through this slide. Time-off types are used to grant or request different types of leave. Only then the authorities will have a clear view or a clear understanding of what kind of leave the employee is taking.
In Odoo 17, confirmed and uninvoiced sales orders are now factored into a partner's total receivables. As a result, the credit limit warning system now considers this updated calculation, leading to more accurate and effective credit management.
The document provides an overview of open educational resources (OER), including their history, definitions, types, advantages, and major initiatives. It discusses what OER are, how they can be found, remixed, licensed, and shared. Key points include: OER being freely available educational content that can be reused, revised, remixed, and redistributed; major initiatives like MIT OpenCourseWare, Khan Academy, and TESSA in Africa promoting OER; and Creative Commons licensing enabling open sharing of content. Major organizations supporting OER include UNESCO, Commonwealth of Learning, and Hewlett Foundation.
This document discusses open educational resources (OER). It defines OER as teaching and learning materials that can be freely used and reused. The document traces the evolution of OER and examines the benefits and challenges of developing OER repositories. Some key benefits mentioned include reduced costs, improved access to educational resources, and opportunities for collaboration. Challenges include issues around copyright, quality assurance, and generating awareness of OER. The document also lists several initiatives in India to develop OER repositories and provide open access to educational content.
The document defines a virtual classroom as a teaching and learning environment located within a computer-mediated communication system where all activities and interactions take place through the computer instead of face-to-face. It lists advantages like flexibility and overcoming distances, and limitations like limited offerings and delayed feedback. Examples of virtual classrooms tools discussed include Second Life, Cisco WebEx, and Horizon Wimba.
This document discusses e-content and online e-learning platforms. It defines e-content as digital content delivered electronically for educational purposes. It describes various forms of e-content including text, videos, assessments, and resources. The document outlines the ADDIE model for designing e-content which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. It provides details on developing e-content scripts and using a four quadrant approach. Finally, it discusses online e-learning platforms like MOOCs, their features, assessments, and how they can provide credentials or credit.
The document discusses the UGC-CEC (Consortium for Educational Communication), which was established by the University Grants Commission of India to address the needs of higher education through television and information communication technology. It provides coordination, guidance, and support to media centers in universities. The CEC conducts research on educational communication and experiments with new technologies to increase the reach of educational programs.
It talks about paradigm shift meaning with examples. It also talks about what is pedagogy, Andragogy & Heutagogy. It deals about Keys Principles , differences between andragogy, pedagogy &HEUTAGOGY & ROLE of teachers in developing PARADIGMS SHIFT.
This document discusses various types of e-resources including e-books, e-journals, online databases, and social media platforms. It outlines the advantages of e-resources such as easy retrieval of information, ability to search across many resources simultaneously, and convenience of access from any computer. The document also discusses specific e-resources like educational blogs, podcasts, virtual classrooms, and e-learning, outlining how they can be used for teaching and learning.
EDUSAT was India's first educational satellite, launched in 2004. It provides audio-visual and interactive educational programs to schools, colleges, and universities across India. Some key functions of EDUSAT include providing cost-effective and interactive education nationwide, implementing virtual classrooms for remote areas, and opening possibilities for online teaching and video conferencing. The satellite helps enhance distance education programs in fields like medicine, engineering, and other higher education.
Open educational resources (oer) power pointrobinec
Open educational resources (OER) are teaching and learning materials that are freely available online for anyone to use, adapt and share. OER include full courses, textbooks, modules, videos and other materials. There are several advantages to using OER, such as reducing costs for students, increasing accessibility of educational resources worldwide, and allowing for customization and incorporation of updated content. However, some disadvantages include the effort required to evaluate and validate large volumes of OER materials, lack of funds to support ongoing updates and maintenance, and potential issues with attribution, copyright and access to technology for disadvantaged students.
The document discusses virtual classrooms as teaching and learning environments located within computer-mediated communication systems where all activities and interactions take place through computers instead of face-to-face. Virtual classrooms may involve synchronous online meetings and presentations as well as asynchronous events and consist of a mixture of these. They utilize technologies like course management applications, multimedia resources, the internet and videoconferencing. Advantages for students include accessibility from anywhere with an internet connection and flexibility in schedule. Advantages for teachers include accessibility from anywhere with a computer and more efficient updating of materials. Google Classroom is highlighted as a useful virtual classroom software that is free, accessible anywhere and supports tracking of student progress and scheduling of materials.
This document discusses e-learning, including its definition as electronic learning using computers and web technology. It outlines several modes of e-learning like web-based learning, virtual classrooms, and webinars. The advantages of e-learning are easy access, flexibility, and different learning styles, while disadvantages include costs, lack of equipment, and feeling of isolation. Common e-learning tools are YouTube, Gmail, and PowerPoint. The key difference between classroom and online learning is that e-learning saves time and allows learning anywhere, while traditional learning is limited to the classroom. COVID-19 has led to widespread school closures and a rise in online learning globally.
THE MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) IS A NEW WAY OF DISTNCE LEARNING AT THE...Dr. Anjaiah Mothukuri
This document provides an overview of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) globally and within India. It discusses the history and development of MOOCs, including early MOOC platforms in the US starting in 2011. It then describes various MOOC providers around the world, such as Coursera, edX, and Udacity. For India specifically, it outlines the national SWAYAM initiative launched in 2016 which hosts MOOCs across various academic levels. SWAYAM aims to provide high-quality online education to learners across India.
This document discusses the meaning and scope of networking in science learning. It defines a computer network as any set of computers connected to exchange data. There are three main types of networks: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Networking provides benefits for learning science such as allowing collaborative work and information sharing. It also discusses advantages like resource sharing and communication abilities, as well as disadvantages including security issues and performance degradation. The document concludes that networks can play a crucial role in developing and spreading science.
- The document discusses virtual classrooms, including definitions, types (asynchronous and synchronous), advantages, and disadvantages.
- Virtual classrooms allow participation in live training without travel by listening, participating, and asking questions from one's desktop.
- The main learning theories that can be supported are instructivism and constructivism. Technology helps transfer materials and increase remote interaction.
- Asynchronous classrooms involve offline activities where students learn at their convenience using electronic materials. Synchronous classrooms allow instant communication and sharing like a real classroom.
The document discusses blended learning, which combines different modes of delivery including classroom training, web-based training, and mobile learning. Blended learning allows for active learning and customization to individual learners. It has emerged as a natural choice for training companies and higher education due to benefits like cost savings and flexibility. Advancing technologies will continue impacting and expanding blended learning opportunities.
Importance of Open Educational Resources (OER) in ResearchShri Ram
The one week long AICTE sponsored online STTP on “New Dimensions in Research Support Services: A Contemporary Library Perspective” being organized by Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Central Library of the J.C. Bose University, YMCA Faridabad.
SWAYAM (meaning 'Self') is a Sanskrit acronym that stands for "Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds" is an Indian Massive open online course (MOOC) platform. SWAYAM is an initiative launched by the then Ministry of Human Resource Development (M.H.R.D.) (now Ministry of Education) Government of India under Digital India to give a coordinated stage and free entry to web courses, covering all advanced education, High School and skill sector courses. It was launched on 9th July 2017 by Honorable President of India.
Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching and learning materials that reside in the public domain or are released with an open license that allows for free use, adaptation, and distribution. OER can include textbooks, videos, tests, software, and other materials used to support education. They are different from open learning in that OER focus primarily on content while open learning includes content and services. Major OER initiatives include SkillsCommons, OpenStax CNX, OER Africa, WikiEducator, and OpenCourseWare which provide open educational content and resources that can be reused and adapted for teaching and learning.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Open Educational Resources (OER). It begins by defining OER and listing some examples. It then discusses how the OER movement began in the early 2000s, including the MIT OpenCourseWare project in 2001. Key organizations that have supported OER development are also mentioned, such as UNESCO, Creative Commons, and the Hewlett Foundation. The document outlines the 5R framework that characterizes how OER can be reused, revised, remixed, redistributed, and retained. It concludes by summarizing that OER are educational resources that can be freely used or adapted under an open license.
Cite symposium Open Education, Open Educational Resources and MOOCsopen ed, o...CITE
CITERS2014 - Learning without Limits?
http://citers2014.cite.hku.hk/program-overview/keynote-belawati/
13 June 2014 (Friday)
14:00 – 14:50
Keynote 2: Open Education, Open Educational Resources and MOOCs
Speaker: Professor Tian BELAWATI (Rector of Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia and President of the International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE))
Chair: Dr. Weiyuan ZHANG (Head of Centre for Cyber Learning, HKU SPACE)
Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)Monica Sharma
The document discusses the history and development of open educational resources (OER). It describes how the concept of OER emerged from earlier open movements like open source software and open access. Key events and organizations that advanced OER include the introduction of learning objects in 1994, MIT's OpenCourseWare project launching in 2001, and the first Global OER Forum held by UNESCO in 2002 where the term OER was adopted. The document provides definitions of OER, examples of OER types, and discusses strategies for finding, creating, licensing, and sharing OER.
Introduction to Open Educational Resources (OER)CEMCA
The document discusses the history and development of open educational resources (OER). It describes how the concept of OER emerged from earlier open movements like open source software and open access. Key events and organizations that advanced OER include the introduction of learning objects in 1994, MIT's OpenCourseWare project launching in 2001, and the first Global OER Forum held by UNESCO in 2002 where the term OER was adopted. The document provides definitions of OER, outlines the 5R framework for open licensing, and discusses strategies for finding, creating, sharing, and collaborating around OER.
2014 oct7 cemca-hyd-session-1-introduction to OERsRamesh C. Sharma
The document discusses the history and development of open educational resources (OER). It notes that while the term OER was coined in 2002, initiatives sharing openly licensed educational content began earlier, including MIT's OpenCourseWare project launched in 2001. Key developments included the introduction of the term "learning object" in 1994, the coining of "open content" in 1998, and the founding of Creative Commons in 2001 to provide improved open licenses.
Open Educational Resources (OER) refer to teaching and learning materials that can be freely used and reused without needing permission. OER have been defined by several organizations and include any type of educational content like courseware, textbooks, videos, and tests. Creative Commons licenses are commonly used to share OER and allow various levels of reuse and modification while requiring attribution. Searching and creating OER involves tools like online repositories and authoring software that facilitate finding and producing open educational content.
Open Educational Resources and Repositories: Discussion Breakout SessionSarah Currier
These slides accompanied a breakout discussion session on open educational resources and repositories at the 2009 Intrallect Conference, 25-26 March 2009.
This document discusses copyright, open educational resources (OER), and Creative Commons licensing. It defines copyright as a form of intellectual property law that protects original creative works. OER are defined as educational resources that can be freely used and reused without restrictions. The document outlines several reasons for using OER, including zero cost, less time consumption, and supporting innovative teaching materials. It also discusses different types of Creative Commons licenses that can be applied to OER to indicate how others can use and share the content.
The document discusses the history and concepts of open educational resources (OER) and open education. It notes that MIT was the first university to make many course materials openly available online in 2001. Open education aims to improve access to knowledge worldwide using open frameworks and 21st century technology. OER are defined as teaching and learning resources that can be freely used and modified under open licenses. The challenges and benefits of open and closed educational models are debated.
The document summarizes an Open Educational Resources (OER) workshop held in Amman, Jordan on December 22, 2015. It discusses various topics related to OER including definitions, history, examples, misconceptions, Creative Commons licenses, open textbooks, OER policies, and open educational practices. The workshop covered the Oman experience with OER, the proposed Jordanian OER Center, evidence and impact of OER, and had several questions and answers sessions.
The document summarizes an Open Educational Resources (OER) workshop held in Amman, Jordan on December 22, 2015. It discusses various topics related to OER including definitions, history, examples, misconceptions, Creative Commons licenses, open textbooks, OER policies, and open educational practices. The workshop covered the Oman experience with OER, the proposed Jordanian OER Center, evidence and impact of OER, and had several questions and answers sessions.
This document discusses open educational resources (OER) and summarizes some of the key findings from an OECD/CERI study on OER. It finds that while the number of OER initiatives is growing, there is still conceptual ambiguity around what constitutes an OER. Preliminary results suggest that typical OER users are well-educated individuals, and that lack of time and reward systems are barriers to wider involvement. Proponents argue that open sharing of educational resources can increase access to knowledge and support academic values.
Mooc 101 Using Open Educational Resources in LearningJulie Bennett
This document defines open educational resources (OERs) as educational materials that are freely available online for anyone to use, according to UNESCO. It distinguishes OERs from MOOCs by stating that OERs can be adapted and shared freely while MOOCs are online courses. The document discusses copyright laws as they apply to online resources and introduces Creative Commons licenses as an alternative that allows for legal sharing of knowledge. It provides examples of OERs, outlines their lifecycle of locate, review, revise/remix and share, and discusses both barriers such as issues of openness/free access as well as benefits like reduced costs and increased collaboration.
This document discusses agricultural libraries and their role in supporting literacy among rural farmers. It notes that India ranks highly in various agricultural metrics like farm outputs and cropped area. Agricultural science covers a wide range of topics beyond just farming, including animal husbandry, veterinary science, and horticulture. As such, agricultural information encompasses literature from various related fields. Agricultural libraries can help provide education, support research, and aid farming by disseminating this important agricultural information. The document advocates for their role in rural literacy and supporting farmers.
Libraries had to close and shift services online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This led libraries to promote digital services and resources. Librarians provided services remotely through social media, online reference services, and promoting open access materials. As libraries reopen, there will be a continued emphasis on digital services and resources to support remote learning and research.
Role of Libraries in transforming Society.pdfDr Trivedi
Libraries play an important role in transforming society by promoting education, preserving cultural heritage, and providing equal access to knowledge resources. The document discusses the historical role of libraries in India's independence movement and how libraries can empower communities. It outlines the shifting roles of libraries from traditional collections to managing digital content and supporting lifelong learning. Libraries are described as social institutions that promote democracy by facilitating discourse on issues.
This document discusses the changing role of academic libraries in a "new normal" post-COVID world. It addresses how technologies like cloud computing, mobile devices, and open educational resources are impacting library collections, services, roles and staff skills. The pandemic has accelerated existing trends, such as the shift from print to digital collections and the need for libraries to support online learning and research. Moving forward, libraries will need to customize services, build digital libraries, advance repository initiatives, and collaborate more to meet evolving user needs in a time of disruption and rapid change.
Misinformation, Disinformation, Malinformation, fake news and librariesDr Trivedi
The document discusses misinformation, fake news, and the role of libraries in combating them. It covers topics like the types of misinformation and fake news, how they spread, challenges they present, and strategies for identifying and addressing them, including media and information literacy. The document advocates for libraries to promote these literacy strategies to help people distinguish misinformation from credible information online.
National Education Policy and role of LibrariesDr Trivedi
The document discusses India's new National Education Policy (NEP) and the role of libraries. It notes that the NEP aims to provide universal access to quality education through digital technologies like e-learning and online learning. It emphasizes that libraries are important to support curriculum and research. Academic libraries must have digital collections in multiple languages and formats. The NEP recognizes leveraging technology while addressing equity and access issues. Librarians should focus collections and lessons on developing skills like critical thinking, problem solving, and digital/information literacy.
Learning resources(Sanskrit) : Write, Cite and PublishDr Trivedi
This document provides information about learning resources for Sanskrit, including Sanskrit universities in India, types of learning resources, databases, journals, dictionaries, digital libraries, and e-learning portals. It discusses key resources like Shodhganga, NDLI, SWAYAM, SWAYAMPRABHA, E-PG Pathshala, and IRINS. Specific Sanskrit dictionaries, universities like Kameshwarsinh Darbhanga Sanskrit University and Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Rajasthan Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya are also mentioned.
This document discusses various technologies and tools for providing remote access to library resources, including Ezproxy, Shibboleth, OpenAthens, and RemoteXs. It defines remote access as allowing library users to access subscribed electronic resources like e-journals, e-books, and databases from anywhere at any time. It describes how these tools use protocols like SAML, URL rewriting, and tunneling to authenticate users and allow secure off-campus access to licensed library materials. Rules for responsible use of remote access services are also outlined.
This document discusses India's initiatives in e-learning and provides details on:
1) The growth of e-learning in India, including the development of early e-learning platforms in the 1990s and increased internet penetration over time.
2) The types of e-learning including synchronous, asynchronous, blended learning and various e-learning tools like blogs, podcasts and social media.
3) The advantages of e-learning including reduced costs, flexibility, scalability and the ability to access expert knowledge from around the world.
This document discusses research ethics and academic honesty. It begins by defining key terms related to research integrity and misconduct. The outline then discusses concepts of ethics, good and ethical research practices, ethical theories, data collection and presentation standards, authorship guidelines, and the process of obtaining funding. The document emphasizes principles of research ethics like autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, confidentiality, and integrity. It also defines and discusses research misconduct, including fabrication, falsification and plagiarism.
Electronic Resources Management(ERM): Issues and ChallengesDr Trivedi
The document discusses the benefits and challenges of digital libraries and electronic resources. It notes that technological advances have transformed libraries' collections from print-based to e-books and e-journals. However, many libraries have not fully implemented electronic resource management systems to help organize and provide access to these digital collections. The document outlines several benefits of electronic resources like being eco-friendly, cost-effective, and allowing remote access, as well as challenges like high initial costs, requiring technical skills, and addressing copyright and security issues.
Re- engineering of College Libraries(Commerce): issues and Challenges for 2020Dr Trivedi
This document discusses the need for re-engineering college libraries to adapt to changing user needs and technologies. It outlines several drivers requiring libraries to change, such as educational reforms, new technologies, and evolving user expectations. The author advocates for re-engineering library processes using strategies like identifying needs, forming project teams, setting objectives, and implementing and evaluating new processes. Key benefits of re-engineering include cost reduction, time savings, improved services, and competitive advantage. NAAC accreditation guidelines also emphasize the importance of developing strong college libraries.
The document discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the agriculture sector and food supply chains. It notes that agriculture is essential for food security but the pandemic has disrupted farming activities and supply chains. Labor shortages and transport issues are affecting harvesting. Prices for some crops have declined even as consumers pay more. Small poultry and dairy farmers require targeted assistance. The government is advised to ensure supply chains function smoothly and protect farm workers while continuing market access for farmers.
The document summarizes library services provided by Smt. Hansa Mehta Library during the COVID-19 lockdown period from March 24th to April 23rd. The library provided remote access to subscribed resources through KNIMBUS to allow faculty to continue research and teaching from home. Services included trial access to 30+ publishers, disseminating academic information, supporting remote access and anti-plagiarism software, and document delivery. The library also hosted webinars and saw increased virtual usage of resources during this time. Charts presented show increased page views, searches, and downloads from the institutional repository.
The document discusses institutional repositories and their role in managing and disseminating digital materials created by academic institutions and their communities. It provides definitions of institutional repositories by Clifford Lynch, describing them as services offered by universities to manage and distribute digital materials created by the institution and its members with a commitment to long-term preservation. Institutional repositories are centered around academic institutions and contain scholarly works of varying degrees produced by that institution. They aim to maximize access to and preservation of an institution's research outputs.
This document summarizes strategies that libraries around the world have adopted to continue serving users during lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many libraries have promoted digital services and resources, increased access to ebooks, and helped users access unemployment and other forms online. Library staff have taken on new roles like contact tracing or working with homeless shelters. National libraries have expanded online access to collections. Publishers and vendors have facilitated remote access to library resources. Free educational resources are also highlighted. The document provides examples of tools that can help continue teaching and learning virtually.
This document discusses various search engines that are useful for health care professionals. It begins by defining search engines and their purpose. It then describes several specialized health search engines, including MedWorm, GoPubMed, and WebMD. It also discusses meta-search engines, which simultaneously search multiple search engines and databases. Finally, it mentions some specialty search engines focused on specific medical fields like cardiology, pharmacology, and dermatology.
The document presents a study examining the use of e-journals versus print journals by healthcare professionals at HMPCME. The study found that print journals (54.63%) were used more than e-journals (28.86%), though most researchers also used e-journals. However, several issues were found with e-journals, including computer illiteracy, inability to find relevant information, and eye strain. The study concludes that continued access to print journals is preferable to an exclusive switch to e-journals, and that more training is needed for effective use of e-journal databases.
Beyond the Advance Presentation for By the Book 9John Rodzvilla
In June 2020, L.L. McKinney, a Black author of young adult novels, began the #publishingpaidme hashtag to create a discussion on how the publishing industry treats Black authors: “what they’re paid. What the marketing is. How the books are treated. How one Black book not reaching its parameters casts a shadow on all Black books and all Black authors, and that’s not the same for our white counterparts.” (Grady 2020) McKinney’s call resulted in an online discussion across 65,000 tweets between authors of all races and the creation of a Google spreadsheet that collected information on over 2,000 titles.
While the conversation was originally meant to discuss the ethical value of book publishing, it became an economic assessment by authors of how publishers treated authors of color and women authors without a full analysis of the data collected. This paper would present the data collected from relevant tweets and the Google database to show not only the range of advances among participating authors split out by their race, gender, sexual orientation and the genre of their work, but also the publishers’ treatment of their titles in terms of deal announcements and pre-pub attention in industry publications. The paper is based on a multi-year project of cleaning and evaluating the collected data to assess what it reveals about the habits and strategies of American publishers in acquiring and promoting titles from a diverse group of authors across the literary, non-fiction, children’s, mystery, romance, and SFF genres.
How to Store Data on the Odoo 17 WebsiteCeline George
Here we are going to discuss how to store data in Odoo 17 Website.
It includes defining a model with few fields in it. Add demo data into the model using data directory. Also using a controller, pass the values into the template while rendering it and display the values in the website.
Lecture_Notes_Unit4_Chapter_8_9_10_RDBMS for the students affiliated by alaga...Murugan Solaiyappan
Title: Relational Database Management System Concepts(RDBMS)
Description:
Welcome to the comprehensive guide on Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) concepts, tailored for final year B.Sc. Computer Science students affiliated with Alagappa University. This document covers fundamental principles and advanced topics in RDBMS, offering a structured approach to understanding databases in the context of modern computing. PDF content is prepared from the text book Learn Oracle 8I by JOSE A RAMALHO.
Key Topics Covered:
Main Topic : DATA INTEGRITY, CREATING AND MAINTAINING A TABLE AND INDEX
Sub-Topic :
Data Integrity,Types of Integrity, Integrity Constraints, Primary Key, Foreign key, unique key, self referential integrity,
creating and maintain a table, Modifying a table, alter a table, Deleting a table
Create an Index, Alter Index, Drop Index, Function based index, obtaining information about index, Difference between ROWID and ROWNUM
Target Audience:
Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in RDBMS principles for academic and practical applications.
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in database management.
Disclaimer:
This document is intended for educational purposes only. The content presented here reflects the author’s understanding in the field of RDBMS as of 2024.
Feedback and Contact Information:
Your feedback is valuable! For any queries or suggestions, please contact muruganjit@agacollege.in
Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)- Concept, Features, Elements, Role of advertising in IMC
Advertising: Concept, Features, Evolution of Advertising, Active Participants, Benefits of advertising to Business firms and consumers.
Classification of advertising: Geographic, Media, Target audience and Functions.
Beginner's Guide to Bypassing Falco Container Runtime Security in Kubernetes ...anjaliinfosec
This presentation, crafted for the Kubernetes Village at BSides Bangalore 2024, delves into the essentials of bypassing Falco, a leading container runtime security solution in Kubernetes. Tailored for beginners, it covers fundamental concepts, practical techniques, and real-world examples to help you understand and navigate Falco's security mechanisms effectively. Ideal for developers, security professionals, and tech enthusiasts eager to enhance their expertise in Kubernetes security and container runtime defenses.
How to Show Sample Data in Tree and Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, sample data serves as a valuable resource for users seeking to familiarize themselves with the functionalities and capabilities of the software prior to integrating their own information. In this slide we are going to discuss about how to show sample data to a tree view and a kanban view.
How to Add Colour Kanban Records in Odoo 17 NotebookCeline George
In Odoo 17, you can enhance the visual appearance of your Kanban view by adding color-coded records using the Notebook feature. This allows you to categorize and distinguish between different types of records based on specific criteria. By adding colors, you can quickly identify and prioritize tasks or items, improving organization and efficiency within your workflow.
Is Email Marketing Really Effective In 2024?Rakesh Jalan
Slide 1
Is Email Marketing Really Effective in 2024?
Yes, Email Marketing is still a great method for direct marketing.
Slide 2
In this article we will cover:
- What is Email Marketing?
- Pros and cons of Email Marketing.
- Tools available for Email Marketing.
- Ways to make Email Marketing effective.
Slide 3
What Is Email Marketing?
Using email to contact customers is called Email Marketing. It's a quiet and effective communication method. Mastering it can significantly boost business. In digital marketing, two long-term assets are your website and your email list. Social media apps may change, but your website and email list remain constant.
Slide 4
Types of Email Marketing:
1. Welcome Emails
2. Information Emails
3. Transactional Emails
4. Newsletter Emails
5. Lead Nurturing Emails
6. Sponsorship Emails
7. Sales Letter Emails
8. Re-Engagement Emails
9. Brand Story Emails
10. Review Request Emails
Slide 5
Advantages Of Email Marketing
1. Cost-Effective: Cheaper than other methods.
2. Easy: Simple to learn and use.
3. Targeted Audience: Reach your exact audience.
4. Detailed Messages: Convey clear, detailed messages.
5. Non-Disturbing: Less intrusive than social media.
6. Non-Irritating: Customers are less likely to get annoyed.
7. Long Format: Use detailed text, photos, and videos.
8. Easy to Unsubscribe: Customers can easily opt out.
9. Easy Tracking: Track delivery, open rates, and clicks.
10. Professional: Seen as more professional; customers read carefully.
Slide 6
Disadvantages Of Email Marketing:
1. Irrelevant Emails: Costs can rise with irrelevant emails.
2. Poor Content: Boring emails can lead to disengagement.
3. Easy Unsubscribe: Customers can easily leave your list.
Slide 7
Email Marketing Tools
Choosing a good tool involves considering:
1. Deliverability: Email delivery rate.
2. Inbox Placement: Reaching inbox, not spam or promotions.
3. Ease of Use: Simplicity of use.
4. Cost: Affordability.
5. List Maintenance: Keeping the list clean.
6. Features: Regular features like Broadcast and Sequence.
7. Automation: Better with automation.
Slide 8
Top 5 Email Marketing Tools:
1. ConvertKit
2. Get Response
3. Mailchimp
4. Active Campaign
5. Aweber
Slide 9
Email Marketing Strategy
To get good results, consider:
1. Build your own list.
2. Never buy leads.
3. Respect your customers.
4. Always provide value.
5. Don’t email just to sell.
6. Write heartfelt emails.
7. Stick to a schedule.
8. Use photos and videos.
9. Segment your list.
10. Personalize emails.
11. Ensure mobile-friendliness.
12. Optimize timing.
13. Keep designs clean.
14. Remove cold leads.
Slide 10
Uses of Email Marketing:
1. Affiliate Marketing
2. Blogging
3. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
4. Newsletter Circulation
5. Transaction Notifications
6. Information Dissemination
7. Gathering Feedback
8. Selling Courses
9. Selling Products/Services
Read Full Article:
https://digitalsamaaj.com/is-email-marketing-effective-in-2024/
Webinar Innovative assessments for SOcial Emotional SkillsEduSkills OECD
Presentations by Adriano Linzarini and Daniel Catarino da Silva of the OECD Rethinking Assessment of Social and Emotional Skills project from the OECD webinar "Innovations in measuring social and emotional skills and what AI will bring next" on 5 July 2024
How to Configure Time Off Types in Odoo 17Celine George
Now we can take look into how to configure time off types in odoo 17 through this slide. Time-off types are used to grant or request different types of leave. Only then the authorities will have a clear view or a clear understanding of what kind of leave the employee is taking.
Credit limit improvement system in odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, confirmed and uninvoiced sales orders are now factored into a partner's total receivables. As a result, the credit limit warning system now considers this updated calculation, leading to more accurate and effective credit management.
1. OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES(OER): AN OVERVIEW
Dr Mayank Trivedi
University Librarian & Senate Member
Smt. Hansa Mehta Library
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Vadodara-390 001
E-mail : librarian-hml@msubaroda.ac.in
Date : 23rd Sept, 2021
1
2. HISTORY
The precursor to the OER movement was Project
Gutenberg, which was launched in 1974, and
advocated for digitization and archiving of cultural
works, as well as creation and distribution of
eBooks.
Wikipedia championed the global movement for free
use and open editing of content, and now has more
than 4 million articles created collaboratively by
anonymous Internet users.(2001)
The same year, the MIT Open CourseWare (OCW)
initiative to publish course content online began.
2
3. OER
“OER are the teaching, learning and research
resources that reside in the public domain or
have been released under an intellectual
property license that permits their free use and
re-purposing by others. Open educational
resources include full courses, course materials,
modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests,
software, and any other tools, materials, or
techniques used to support access to knowledge”
----William and Flora Hewlett Foundation’s definition
of OER
3
4. WHAT IS AN OER
In particular, OERs should be:
Licensed in a way that allows use, usually under specified
conditions, without infringing copyright;
Accessible to a wide range of users;
Independent of specialist software, and
Capable to being adapted for use in other contexts.
Freely available materials for teaching and learning
Many may be modified
Many, many types
Books, lectures, courses, modules
Animations, data sets and visualization
Simulations, interactive maps
Real time data 4
5. WHAT IS AN OER?
“Open Education Resources
(OER) are teaching, learning,
and research resources that
reside in the public domain or
have been released under an
intellectual property license
that permits their free use or re-
purposing by others. Open
educational resources include
full courses, course materials,
modules, textbooks, streaming
videos, tests, software, and any
other tools, materials, or
techniques used to support
access to knowledge.” (Atkins
et al. 2007, p 4)
“...digitised materials offered
freely and openly for
educators, students and self-
learners to use and reuse for
teaching, learning and
research. OER includes
learning content, software
tools to develop, use and
distribute content, and
implementation resources such
as open licences. This report
suggests that ‘open
educational resources’ refers to
accumulated digital assets that
can be adjusted and which
provide benefits without
restricting the possibilities for
others to enjoy them.” (OECD
2007, p 10)
6. DEFINITION
6
“teaching, learning and
research materials in
any medium, digital or
otherwise, that reside in
the public domain or
have been released
under an open license
that permits no-cost
access, use, adaptation
and redistribution by
others with no or
limited restrictions.”
---UNESCO
The Commonwealth of
Learning (COL) defines
Open Educational
Resources (OER) as
‘materials offered freely
and openly to use and
adapt for teaching,
learning,development
and research’.
7. OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
free and openly licensed educational materials that can
be used for
• teaching,
• learning,
• research, and other purposes.
The term was first used at a UNESCO conference in 2002,
although OERs were being produced and used before that
time. For instance, the MIT OpenCourseWare project,
which began in 2001, was one of the first major
initiatives of the OER movement.
7
8. NEED OF OER
• … is an interesting, yet
paradoxical, social development in
the competitive higher education
environment
• … is an extraordinary trend
dubbed new "culture of
contribution“ (Atkins et al 2007:3)
• Culture of competition
• Culture of contribution 8
9. WHAT ARE OER???
Open Access
Open Content
Open Course ware
Open Source Software
Open Education / e-Learning
Open Educational Resources
…and many more OPEN things
9
10. OER
Includes –
Course materials
Modules or lessons
Open CourseWare (OCW)
Open textbooks
Videos
Images
Tests
Software
Any other tools, materials, or techniques used
to support ready access to knowledge
Freely available materials for teaching and learning
Many may be modified
Many, many types
Books, lectures, courses, modules
Animations, data sets and visualization
Simulations, interactive maps
Real time data 10
11. WHAT HAS ENABLED OER?
SOCIALLY - The Open Source Software
Movement and the Open Access Movement
TECHNICALLY – The Internet and Web 2.0
technologies
LEGALLY - The development of alternative
licensing systems such as Creative Commons
FINANCIALLY – The support of philanthropic
foundations and new business models
11
12. PRINCIPLES OF OER
David Wiley : principles of open publishing:
re-use: The most basic level of openness. People are allowed to use all or part of the
work for their own purposes (for example, download an educational video to watch
at a later time);
re-distribute: People can share the work with others (for example, send a digital
article by-email to a colleague);
revise: People can adapt, modify, translate, or change the work (for example, take a
book written in English and turn it into a Spanish audio book);
re-mix: People can take two or more existing resources and combine them to create
a new resource (for example, take audio lectures from one course and combine them
with slides from another course to create a new derivative work);
retain: No digital rights management restrictions (DRM); the content is yours to
keep, whether you’re the author, an instructor using the material, or a student.
This open textbook you are reading meets all five criteria (it has a CC BY-NC license
– see Section 10.2.2 below).
For example, it cannot be turned into a book for profit by a commercial publisher, at
least without written permission from the author.
To protect your rights as an author of OER usually means publishing under a
Creative Commons or other open license.
12
13. WHY TO USE OPEN EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
Access to high quality resources free from copyright
issues
Unlike simply using a browser search to locate and
download resources indiscriminately from the web,
the use of OERs guarantees that you avoid IPR
and copyright issues
13
14. OERS -GOOD RESOURCES?
Saving time and cost of resource development
High-quality resources demand a large investment of effort
for their development. It is better to concentrate this effort
where it is needed most, and to use OERs where these are
suitable
Access to a wider range of resource types
By being able to access several different resources in the same
subject area, students and teachers can use resources that
meet their own requirements
Innovative ideas for resource design
Even if you do not use OERs directly, they provide a rich
showcase of different approaches to learning and teaching that
can inform your practice
Option to re-purpose
Most OERs are released in forms that allow them to be
customised for different applications, either by changing
them or adding context-specific material
14
15. OER
Open education encompasses many different things. These are
just some of the aspects of open education
Open textbooks
Open licensing
Open assessment practices
Open badges
Open online courses
MOOCs (debatably)
Open data
Open Access scholarly works
Open source software
Open standards
Open educational resources
15
16. SWOT ANALYSIS
Strength
The primary goal of open
educational resources (OER)
is to generate, share, and
curate information.
OER allows anybody, wherever
in the world, to get access to
information.
It provides time utility by
allowing access to resources at
any time.
There is no charge for the
books.
They can access things while
traveling without having to lug
along heavy books.
Weakness
The primary flaw is that
there is no requirement
for OER awareness.
The needed advantages
are not realized due to a
lack of knowledge.
The third flaw is the
difficulties instructors
encounter while
producing online
resources. 16
17. SWOT ANALYSIS
Opportunities:
The biggest advantage of
OER is the wide platform.
A good educator may
make a name for himself
all over the world.A
university can send
students all over the world
without having to
go.Education can improve
as a result of global
competitiveness.
Threats:
The term "free" poses the
greatest danger.Because
OER is available at any
time, it is both strength
and a danger. Students get
irritable and do not finish
assignments on time,
posing a threat.It
necessitate learners'
commitment and
consistency. 17
18. STRENGTH
MOOCs, particularly xMOOCs, deliver high quality content from
some of the world’s best universities for free to anyone with a
computer and an Internet connection;
MOOCs can be useful for opening access to high quality content,
particularly in developing countries, but to do so successfully will
require a good deal of adaptation, and substantial investment in
local support and partnerships;
MOOCs are valuable for developing basic conceptual learning, and
for creating large online communities of interest or practice;
MOOCs are an extremely valuable form of lifelong learning
and continuing education;
MOOCs have forced conventional and especially elite institutions
to reappraise their strategies towards online and open learning;
institutions have been able to extend their brand and status by
making public their expertise and excellence in certain academic
areas;
MOOCs main value proposition is to eliminate through computer
automation and/or peer-to-peer communication the very large
variable costs in higher education associated with providing learner
support and quality assessment.
18
19. OER STRENGTHS
Cost savings
This is definitely the biggest selling point of incorporating these
materials. OER is inexpensive, openly licensed and freely shared.
Stay current
The nature of OER makes it possible to include more recent
information, topics and examples, keeping classes relevant to
student interests.
Great supplemental material
With OER, instructors are able to include information that may not
be in the textbook as well as offer more interactive materials in their
courses. This helps teachers reach a wider array of students and
personalize their education which can lead to great student success.
Flexibility
OER are customizable. They can be changed through user editing,
feedback and adaptation. Because of this, resources can be
improved and adapted versions can regularly be made available.
19
20. OER WEAKNESSES
Quality control
OER materials should be chosen carefully. Since the materials do
not go through the same rigorous editing and peer review as a
textbook, it is important to review the information presented.
Sustainability
OER content creators do not receive compensation for their
efforts. New, up-to-date content may not stay readily available.
Language options
There are limited OER choices outside of the English language.
Internet reliance
OER requires students to have access to technology to view the
materials, an internet connection or have the means to print the
materials which negates the benefits of the interactive materials.
Usability
OER content may be far less user friendly than a textbook if it has
not been bound and printed. It also may not be ADA compliant. 20
21. WEAKNESSES
the high registration numbers for MOOCs are misleading; less
than half of registrants actively participate, and of these, only a
small proportion successfully complete the course; nevertheless,
absolute numbers are still higher than for conventional courses;
MOOCs are expensive to develop, and although commercial
organisations offering MOOC platforms have opportunities for
sustainable business models, it is difficult to see how publicly
funded higher education institutions can develop sustainable
business models for MOOCs;
MOOCs tend to attract those with already a high level of
education, rather than widen access;
MOOCs so far have been limited in the ability to develop high
level academic learning, or the high level intellectual skills
needed in a knowledge based society;
assessment of the higher levels of learning remains a challenge
for MOOCs, to the extent that most MOOC providers will not
recognise their own MOOCs for credit;
MOOC materials may be limited by copyright or time
restrictions for re-use as open educational resources 21
22. BENEFITS
OER ensures longevity of access to resources
OER can diversify the curriculum
OER improves digital skills
OER engages students in co-creation
OER promotes engagement with the outputs of
open research
OER contributes to the development of open
knowledge
OER enhances engagement with content and
collections
22
23. ADVANTAGES
Cost savings on Textbooks
Levels the field for disadvantaged students
Promotes sustainability
Resource Rich
Improved Access to leading experts worldwide
Lower cost through Collaboration & reusing
Improved access through more affordable courses
Higher quality learning resources
Experience/incorporate diversity of views
Flexibility
Customize curriculum and instructional design
Quickly incorporate important updates (STEM)
Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
– Accommodate disabilities
– Address learning styles
– Foster engagement
– Integrate current, relevant, authentic content
23
24. ADVANTAGES OF USING OERS INCLUDE:
Expanded access to learning.Students anywhere in the world can access OERs at any
time, and they can access the material repeatedly.
Scalability. OERs are easy to distribute widely with little or no cost.
Augmentation of class materials. OERs can supplement textbooks and lectures where
deficiencies in information are evident.
Enhancement of regular course content For example, multimedia material such as
videos can accompany text. Presenting information in multiple formats may help
students to more easily learn the material being taught.
Quick circulation Information may be disseminated rapidly (especially when
compared to information published in textbooks or journals, which may take months or
even years to become available). Quick availability of material may increase the
timeliness and/or relevance of the material being presented.
Less expense for students The use of OERs instead of traditional textbooks or course
packs, etc. can substantially reduce the cost of course materials for students.
Showcasing of innovation and talent. A wide audience may learn of faculty research
interests and expertise. Potential students and donors may be impressed, and student
and faculty recruitment efforts may be enhanced.
Ties for alumni. OERs provide an excellent way for alumni to stay connected to the
institution and continue with a program of lifelong learning.
Continually improved resources. Unlike textbooks and other static sources of
information, OERs can be improved quickly through direct editing by users or through
solicitation and incorporation of user feedback. Instructors can take an existing OER,
adapt it for a class, and make the modified OER available for others to use.
24
25. DISADVANTAGES OF OERS INCLUDE:
Quality issues.Since many OER repositories allow any user to create an
account and post material, some resources may not be relevant and/or accurate.
Lack of human interaction between teachers and students.OER material
is created to stand alone, and since self-learning users may access the material
outside of a classroom environment, they will miss out on the discussion and
instructor feedback that characterize for-credit classes and that make such
classes useful and valuable.
Language and/or cultural barriers.Although efforts are being made to make
OERs available in multiple languages, many are only available in English,
limiting their usefulness to non-English speakers. Additionally, not all resources
are culturally appropriate for all audiences.
Technological issues.Some students may have trouble using some OERs if
they have a slow or erratic internet connection. Other OERs may require
software that students don’t have and that they may not be able to afford.
Intellectual property/copyright concerns.Since OERs are meant to be
shared openly, the “fair use" exemption from the U.S. Copyright Act ceases to
apply; all content put online must be checked to ensure that it doesn’t violate
copyright law.
Sustainability issues.Since OER creators generally do not receive any type of
payment for their OER, there may be little incentive fo
25
26. DISADVANTAGES
Complications in Curriculum Development
Volume of material to evaluate/validate
Lack of funds/compensation
No responsibility to update original materials
No process to notify users of updates/changes to foundation materials
Attribution Issues
Lack of knowledge on open licensing process
Materials improperly cited
Inadvertent copyright violation
Slow/limited Conversion to OER Participation
Resistance to Change
Fear of loss of right-to-benefit
No mechanism to revoke permission
Discomfort with technology
Student Access to Technology
Disadvantaged student population
Digital down-and-out
26
27. Who uses OER?
• Students within institutions
• Students external to institutions
• Self Learners
• Teachers/Professors/Academics
What is the best way to find OER?
• Use a specialized search engine
27
28. EVALUATION
Authority: Is it clear who developed and wrote the material? Are his or her qualifications for creating
the material clearly stated?
Accuracy: Are there errors or omissions visible?
Objectivity: Is any type of bias present?
Currency: Is the resource up-to-date and/or is a creation or update date visible?
Coverage: Does it address the topic at hand sufficiently to add value to the class? Does only a portion
of it apply? Do you need to combine it with other resources? Can you align each resource with the
learning objectives and weekly lessons on your syllabus in order to identify gaps?
Accessibility: Is it accessible to all?
License: Has a Creative Commons License be applied? Can you remix or reuse the item? Who do you
have to attribute copyright to, if anyone?
Persistance: Prior to using an OER in another class, you'll need to check that the URL is still valid and
whether the OER was updated since you last access it.
Quality
Peer Review available or used
Reputation of author/ institution is transparent
Pedagogical methods are sound
Allows for customization or refinement
Appropriateness
Content is accurate
Sources are identified and cited
Some alignment with a learning outcome or course objective
Appropriate reading/ domain level for your students
Technical
High technical quality (clear visuals, high production value)
Clear licensing declaration (Creative Commons License present, in the Public Domain, etc.)
License to remix or share again
28
29. OER CONTENTS
• Course/Instructor Resources (MIT OCW)
• Full Distance Course Modules (Open Learn
UK)
• Course Modules/seminars
• Learning Objects
o Images (www.flickr.com)
o Video (www.academicearth.com)
o Audio (http://itunes.stanford.edu)
o Open Text books (www.wikibooks.org)
o Journals (www.doaj.org)
29
31. CREATING
Required for the creation of OER
• The masses as digital content creators
• The desire to share
• Licensing model which enables us to share
• Tools and directories which promote collaboration
Potential Benefits
• Possibility of increased opportunities for collaboration
• Academic alliances
• Feeling good about helping to make education freely available
31
32. "RE-MIXING"
Reasons to adapt an OER include:
1. To address a particular teaching style or learning style
2. To adapt for a different grade level
3. To adapt for a different discipline
4. To adjust for a different learning environment
5. To address diversity needs
6. To address a cultural preference
7. To support a specific pedagogical need
8. To address either a school or a district’s standardized
curriculum
(ISKME, 2008)
32
33. LICENSING
Step 1 Ensure that you have copyright for the resource
Step 2 Choose a licence
Step 3 Include the licence details in the resource
33
34. STEP 1 ENSURE THAT YOU HAVE COPYRIGHT FOR
THE RESOURCE
• Establish the copyright owner of the text, graphics, video etc.
• If there is copyrighted material within the resource that
belongs to someone else (3rd party copyright), then this
person or agency needs to be contacted before the resource
can be released.
34
35. STEP 2 CHOOSE A LICENSE (1)
Understand the 4 conditions:
• Attribution - You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform
your copyrighted work — and derivative works based upon it — but
only if they give credit the way you request.
• Share-alike - You allow others to distribute derivative works only
under a license identical to the license that governs your work.
• Non-commercial - You let others copy, distribute, display, and
perform your work — and derivative works based upon it — but for
noncommercial purposes only.
• No Derivative Works - You let others copy, distribute, display, and
perform only verbatim copies of your work, not derivative works
based upon it.
http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses
35
37. STEP 2 CHOOSE A LICENSE (3)
• Visit the Creative Commons Licence
(http://creativecommons.org/license/) page and use their
simple licence chooser to select a Creative Commons licence
that indicates how others may use your creative content. (These
responses to the questions will be used to automatically
generate HTML text which includes all these details for an
electronic version of the Creative Commons licence that you
have chosen. The HTML code will display an icon as well as a
link to the full license deed hosted at the Creative Commons
site. Note that you also need to select a legal jurisdiction
(country). South Africa is listed at the end of the drop down
list).
37
38. STEP 3 INCLUDE THE LICENSE DETAILS IN THE RESOURCE
• For electronic works: Cut and paste this HTML text on your
website.
• For non-electronic works: Select the option "Mark a document
not on the web, add this text to your work." (this is only
available once you have chosen a licence) In addition you might
like to note the icon that they suggest and download the
appropriate CC icon
(http://creativecommons.org/about/downloads/) and paste it
onto your word processed document for a paper-based cc
licence.
38
39. SHARING
• Getting the CC license on your resource
• Choosing a file format to publish your resource
• Getting your resource on VULA
• How to make a VULA resource publicly accessible
• Using OER Commons to make your resource
searchable
THINGS TO CONSIDER:
• Granularity
• How often is the material updated (curation)
• Relevance to other academics or students
• License
o Replacing materials
• Third Party Copyright
39
40. CREATIVE COMMONS
One of the key characteristics of open educational
resources is that they are either in the public domain
or they are released under an open license and
generally that means a Creative Commons license.
However not all Creative Commons licenses are equal
and only resources that are licensed for adaptation
and reuse can really be considered as OER.
Resources that are licensed with the “No Derivatives”
license can not strictly be regarded as OER, and there
is some debate about the status of “Non Commercial”
licensed resources.
40
42. LEGAL OPENNESS
Copyright Public
domain
All rights
reserved
Attribution
Non-
commercial
No derivatives
Attribution
Non-
commercial
Share Alike
Attribution
Non-
commercial
Attribution No
Derivatives
Attribution
Share Alike
Attribution No rights
reserved
Most restrictive Most accommodating
42
44. CREATIVE COMMON LICENSE
The are now several possible Creative Commons licenses:
CC BY Attribution: lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work,
even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the
most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination
and use of licensed materials;
CC BY-SA: lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work even for commercial
purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the
identical terms. This is particularly important if your work also includes other
people’s materials licensed through the Creative Commons;
CC BY-ND: allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is
passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to you;
CC BY-NC: lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially,
and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial,
they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms;
CC BY-NC-SA: lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially,
as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms;
CC BY-NC-ND: the most restrictive of the six main licenses, only allowing others to
download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they
can’t change them in any way or use them commercially.
44
45. WHERE CAN YOU FIND OER?
JORUM
MERLOT
Open Courseware
Consortium
Xpert
Core-Materials
DeSTRESS
HumBox
SimShare
African Virtual
University
MIT Open Courseware
OU Open earn
U Now
NPTEL
OER Commons
OERu
Siyavula
Open Learn
Saylor
45
46. 46
http://www.opencontent.org/ocwfinder
MERLOT (www.merlot.org)
Harvey Project
(http://HarveyProject.org/)
Educational Object Economy
(http://www.eoe.org)
OSsite SIG Open-Source Software for
Education in Europe
SIGOSSEE (http://www.ossite.org/)
SHARED KNOWLEDGE SITES
47. INSTITUTIONAL EFFORTS
MIT Open Course Ware Movement :
MIT Open Course Ware (MIT OCW) is a remarkable
story of an institution rallying around an ideal, and
then delivering on the promise of that ideal. MIT
OCW makes the course materials of almost all MIT’s
undergraduate and graduate programmes available
on the web, free of charge, to any user anywhere in
the world. At present, there are as many as 1800
(www.ocww.mit.edu) courses covering various
disciplines
47
48. UNESCO’S INITIATIVE
UNESCO’s initiative in 2002 resulted in the free
access to certain journals. A little later Creative
Commons announced its online licensing system.
UNESCO’s communication networks helped it
become popular and widely used throughout the
developing world.
Further, UNESCO convened the Forum on the
Impact of Open CourseWare for Higher Education in
developing countries. Out of that Forum emerged the
term Open Educational Resources (OERs). UNESCO
action related to OERs was concentrated on
awareness raising in Member States on the potential
of sharing educational materials as OERs. 48
49. THE COMMONWEALTH OF LEARNING (COL)
INITIATIVES
The COL has taken up several initiatives for development
and promotion of OERs in commonwealth countries.
Learning4Content is one of the COL’s initiative to build
the skills of educators to develop OERs using wiki
technology. The project builds upon the spirit of
voluntarism that characterizes the wiki and free
knowledge communities. Another project of COL is
eLearning for Education Sector Development aimed at
converting ODL materials into "wiki" format through
Wiki Educator. COL is also co-ordinating the development
of a Virtual University for Small States of the
Commonwealth (VUSSC). The VUSSC members have
started their first project to create OERs, using exiting
available course content which will be made available via
the Internet (www.col.org). 49
50. UK OPEN UNIVERSITY
The Open University is the first higher education
institution in the UK to make its educational resources
freely available online(1969). The William and Flora
Hewlett Foundation (www.hewlett.org) agreed to grant
towards the cost of the Open University’s Open Learning
Pilot that started in April 2006.
The other important international initiatives in creating
and promoting the use of open educational resources
include the initiatives of OER dg Community
(www.dgfoundation.org) launched by UNESCO, online
discussions forum related to Free and Open Source
Software (FOSS) by the UNESCO’s International Institute
for Educational Planning (IIEP) and Global Library
Services Network (www.glsn.com)
50
51. KHAN ACADEMY
Khan Academy provides a library of more than 4100
educational videos, interactive challenges, and
assessments, for K-12 and higher education. Khan
Academy videos have been watched more than 250
million times since its launch and the website
receives 6 million unique visitors on a monthly basis.
India has the third largest viewership after USA and
Canada. Khan Academy videos have been translated
in more than 30 languages.
In India also, there are on-going efforts to translate
Khan Academy videos in Indian-accented English
and/or other Indian languages.
51
52. LEARNING RESOURCE EXCHANGE FOR
SCHOOLS IN EUROPE
Learning Resource Exchange for Schools (LRE) is a
service launched by European School net, in 2004, to
enable teacher educators for finding multilingual
OER from many countries and providers. The portal
offers a federated search capability, across a network
of 20 OER repositories including those of 16
Ministries of Education in Europe. Currently, more
than 200,000 learning resources from more than 50
content providers are searchable based on language,
subject, resource types and age range
52
53. SAO PAULO MUNICIPALITY LEGISLATION ON
OER
Brazil has over the years has launched many OER
initiatives in K-12. One of the notable ones is
legislation in 2011, by the municipality of São Paulo
Department of Education, that mandates that all its
educational and pedagogical content] be made
available, under the Attribution non-Commercial
Share-Alike (BY-NC-SA) license.
53
54. HIPPOCAMPUS - NATIONAL REPOSITORY OF
ONLINE COURSES (NROC)
NROC offers a library of high-quality course content
for students and teachers in higher education, high
school (Grade 9 – 12) and Advanced Placement.
Courses in the NROC library are contributed by
developers from leading academic organizations in
the USA. NROC content is available for free to
students and teachers on public websites including
Hippocampus. NROC is funded by a grant from the
William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.
54
55. OER COMMONS
Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching and learning materials
that are freely available online for everyone to use, whether you are an
instructor, student or self-learner. Examples of OER include:
full courses, course modules, syllabi, lectures, homework assignments,
quizzes, lab and classroom activities, pedagogical materials, games,
simulations, and many more resources contained in digital media
collections from around the world.
OER Commons provides a library of 46,000 educational modules for K-12
and higher education, from more than 500 major content providers. These
resources have been curated and rated by experts and; are aligned to the
common core standards in the USA. Teachers and students can search,
discover and refer to OER material.
http://www.oercommons.org/
55
58. CURRIKI
Curriki is a free community that provides OER for K-
12. These resources are contributed by members of
Curriki community including educators, partners
and parents from 193 countries and are peer-reviewed
for quality and adherence to 47,400 the OER
contributed by educators, partners and parents.
Curriki has 8.5 million users and receives more than
2.5 million views each year.
58
59. CK-12
CK-12 is a non-profit organization dedicated to
increasing access to high quality educational
materials for K-12 students, all over the world. CK-12
offers high-quality standards –aligned open content
in science, technology, engineering and maths
(STEM) subjects, through an integrated set of tools
for learning, such as digital textbooks, concepts-
based learning resources, SAT preparation, and an
interactive Algebra curriculum.
59
60. CONNEXIONS
Connexions is a global repository of educational
content for learners from all walks of life, including
K-12 and higher education in nearly every discipline,
including math, science, psychology, sociology,
history etc. Connexions’ repository consists of more
than 17,000 learning objects or modules and over
1000 collections (textbooks, journal articles etc.).
60
71. PHET INTERACTIVE SIMULATIONS
PhET provides more than 130 interactive, research-
based simulations, for teaching Science and Math to
school and university students. These simulations
play a useful role in making a connection between
real life and science concepts. Translated into 66
languages, PhET has been delivered more than 130
million simulations so far and runs more than 25
million simulations every year. PhET simulations are
being used by many organizations for free, including
Pearson, Plato Learning and McGraw-Hill. PhET has
been ranked by Google as the best portal for science
simulations. 71
72. FREE HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE TEXTS (FHSST)
SOUTH AFRICA
FHSST is an initiative to develop and distribute free
science textbooks for Grade 10 – 12 students in South
Africa. Textbooks are mapped to the government's
syllabus, and published under a Creative Commons
license (CC-by-SA), allowing teachers and students to
print or share them digitally.
72
73. E-PUSTAKALAYA IN NEPAL
Launched in 2009 by Open Learning Exchange
(OLE) Nepal, E-Pustakalaya offers a digital library of
educational resources, including full-text documents,
books, images, videos, audio files, and interactive
educational software.
The aim of the project is to improve children's
reading skills, develop a reading culture in schools by
giving free and open access to age-appropriate
reading materials, and enable students to conduct
research projects and promote the habit of
independent inquiry.
73
74. WEEKEND OPEN TEXTBOOK HACKATHON IN
FINLAND
A group of Finnish Mathematics researchers,
teachers and students made a record, when they
created an openly licensed senior-secondary
mathematics textbook, in a booksprint that lasted
just 72 hours.
74
75. WIKIEDUCATOR
The Wiki Educator is an evolving community
intended for the collaborative : planning of
education projects linked with the development
of free content
development of free content on Wiki educator for e-
learning
work on building open education
resources (OERs) on how to create OERs
networking on funding proposals developed as free
content
75
78. OER INITIATIVES IN INDIA
78
Consortium for Educational
Communication (CEC)
National Council of Educational
Research and Training (NCERT) –
online textbooks
National Science Digital Library
(NSDL)
VASAT- learning materials on
agricultural practices
Project Ekalavya - content
development in Indian languages.
Project OSCAR (Open Source
Courseware Animations Repository)
National Programme on Technology
Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
NME-ICT Web portal — Sakshat
National Repository of Open
Educational Resources (NROER)
Rai OpenCourseware - an initiative
of Rai Foundation.
Agropedia - information related to
agriculture in India
Vidwan
SHODHGANGA/SHODHGANGOTRI
ePGPathshala
National Digital library
NMECIT: National Mission on
Education through Information
and Communication Technology
NKN
VIDYA-MITRA
Infoport
Open Knowledge Gateway(OKG)
Swayam
80. E-PG PATHSHALA
An MHRD, under its National Mission on
Education through ICT (NME-ICT), has assigned
work to the UGC for development of e-content in
77 subjects at postgraduate level.
High quality, curriculum-based, interactive
content in different subjects across all disciplines
of social sciences, arts, fine arts & humanities,
natural & mathematical sciences, linguistics and
languages is being developed
80
81. SWAYAM
Program initiated by Government of India and designed to
achieve the three cardinal principles of Education Policy viz.,
access, equity and quality
SWAYAM is an instrument for self-
actualisation providing opportunities for a life-long
learning. Here learner can choose from hundreds of courses ,
virtually every course that is taught at the university / college
/school level and these shall be offered by best of the
teachers in India and elsewhere.
All courses would be offered free of cost under this
programme however fees would be levied in case learner
requires certificate.
The objective of this effort is to take the best teaching
learning resources to all 81
82. CONTINUED…
All the courses are interactive, prepared by the best teachers
in the country
The courses hosted on SWAYAM will be in 4 quadrants –
-Video lecture,
-Specially prepared reading material that can be
downloaded/printed
-Self-assessment tests through tests and quizzes
-An online discussion forum for clearing the doubts
82
83. SHODHGANGA
Shodhganga stands for the reservoir of
Indian intellectual output stored in a
repository hosted and maintained by the
INFLIBNET Centre.
The Shodhganga@INFLIBNET is set-up
using an open source digital repository
software called DSpace developed by MIT
83
84. SHODHGANGOTRI
Under the initiative called “ShodhGangotri”, research
scholars / research supervisors in universities are
requested to deposit electronic version of approved
synopsis submitted by research scholars to the
universities for registering themselves for the Ph.D
programme.
The repository on one hand, would reveal the trends and
directions of research being conducted in Indian
universities, on the other hand it would avoid duplication
of research.
84
85. VIDWAN
VIDWAN is the premier database of profiles
of scientists / researchers and other faculty
members working at leading academic
institutions and other R & D organisation
involved in teaching and research in India.
It provides important information about
expert's background, contact address,
experience, scholarly publications, skills and
accomplishments, researcher identity, etc.
85
86. VIDYA-MITRA
Vidya-mitra is an online learning portal for all the e-
content projects developed under the NME-ICT
(National Mission on Education through Information
and Communication Technology), MHRD. The portal
provides facility to search and browse all hosted content
wherein a learner can easily access the desired material
including audio/video learning material, textual
material, multimedia-enriched materials etc. through a
single interface. Moreover, features of faceted search,
usage statistics, project-wise access, My-Space are
incorporated in this portal.
86
87. SHAKSHAT
It is a landmark initiative of the Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) to develop a One Stop
Education Portal for addressing all the education and
learning related needs of students, scholars, teachers and
lifelong learners.
It is a free portal launched by the Hon’ble President of
India on 30th October 2006.
It contains many e-repositories for school and higher
education. The portal is expected to be the main delivery
platform for the contents developed under the National
Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT)
87
88. EKLAVYA
Eklavya project launched jointly by IIT,
Bombay and IGNOU on 26th January, 2003
aims at a free exchange of knowledge and
ideas, by placing all the relevant academic
material in the Open Source.
The project has developed an Open Source
Educational Resources Animation
Repository (OSCAR) to create a repository of
web-based, interactive animations for
teaching various concepts and technologies. 88
89. INFOPORT : A SUBJECT GATEWAY FOR INDIAN
ELECTRONIC-RESOURCES
The gateway open-ups the Indian scholarly content scattered
over the Internet through an integrated interface that support
search, browse and multiple listing. The InfoPort selectively
catalogues online resources of Indian origin on diversified
subjects available in open access through an elaborate process
of testing and evaluation.
The Centre proposes to collaborate with librarians and scholars
in college and universities in the process of identification and
selection of resources
The universe of knowledge is divided into different subject
groups. According to the Dewey Decimal Classification, the
universe of knowledge is scattered from 000 to 999.
InfoPort is classified according to DDC, indexed subjectwise
and arranged alphabetically subjects 89
90. OPEN KNOWLEDGE GATEWAY(OKG)
Open Knowledge Gateway provides a platform to the students,
researchers and faculty of MSU to access the free academic
resources available on Internet without geographical
limitations.
One can access these resources from :
http://14.139.121.106/OKGW/
90
93. EBASTA
eBasta is governments Digital India initiative, this
project has created a framework to make school
books accessible in digital form as e-books to be read
and used on tablets and laptops.
Publishers can publish their resources on the portal
for use by the schools.
Students can then download such bastes from the
portal, or the school may distribute them through
media like SD cards.
eBasta App, downloadable from the portal, runs on
any Android tablet. It can access the eBasta created
using the portal and render it for easy navigation by
the students. 93
94. GEOGEBRA
GeoGebra is designed for Dynamic mathematics for
learning and teaching.
GeoGebra is a multi-platform mathematics software
that gives everyone the chance to experience the
extraordinary insights that math makes possible. It
makes math tangible.
GeoGebra makes a link between Geometry and
Algebra in an entirely new, visual way students can
finally see, touch and experience math. GeoGebra
doesn’t replace teachers.
It helps teachers do what they do best teach.
http://www.geogebra.org/
http://tube.geogebra.org/
94
95. ICT CURRICULA
The present curricula for ICT in Education aims at
realizing the goals of the National Policy of ICT in
Schools Education and the National Curriculum
Framework.
Given the dynamic nature of ICT, the curricula,
emphasizing the core educational purposes, is
generic in design and focuses on a broad exposure to
technologies, together aimed at enhancing creativity
and imagination of the learners.
http://ictcurriculum.gov.in/
95
96. NATIONAL PORTAL
This is the National Portal of India, developed with
an objective to enable a single window access to
information and services being provided by the
various Indian Government entities. The content in
this Portal is the result of a collaborative effort of
various Indian Government Ministries and
Departments, at the Central/State/District level. This
Portal is Mission Mode Project under the National E-
Governance Plan, designed and maintained by
National Informatics Centre (NIC), DeitY, MoCIT,
Government of India.
http://india.gov.in/
http://bharat.gov.in/ 96
97. TESS-INDIA
The TESS-India project is led by The Open University in the UK
and is funded by UK aid from the UK government. It is working
towards improving the quality of teacher education in India.
Initiated in November 2012, the project focuses on the
professional development of teacher educators and teachers in
the states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha,
Karnataka, Assam and West Bengal.
The TESS-India Open Educational Resources (OER) comprise
105 units for classroom teachers in elementary and secondary
schools (Teacher Development OER), and 20 units for school
leaders (School Leadership OER). The OER are available in
multiple versions for use in a range of linguistic and cultural
contexts. Here you will find the English language versions.
TESS India has learning resources in Elementary Maths,
Elementary English, Elementary Science, Elementary Language
and Literacy, secondary English, Maths and Science.
https://www. tess-india.edu.in/ 97
98. EDX
EdX was created for students and institutions that
seek to transform themselves through cutting edge
technologies, innovative pedagogy, and rigorous
courses.
Through our institutional partners, the xConsortium,
along with other leading global members, it present
the best of higher education online, offering
opportunity to anyone who wants to achieve, thrive,
and grow.
The edX platform is available as open source. By
conducting and publishing significant research on
how students learn, it will empower and inspire
educators around the world and promote success in
learning.
98
99. GOOGLE BOOKS
Book Search works just like web search. Try a search on Google
Books or on Google.com. When we find a book with content
that contains a match for your search terms, we'll link to it in
your search results.
Browse books online: If the book is out of copyright, or the
publisher has given us permission, you'll be able to see a
preview of the book, and in some cases the entire text.
If it's in the public domain, you're free to download a PDF copy.
Buy books or borrow from the library: If you find a book
you like, click on the "Buy this book" and "Borrow this book"
links to see where you can buy or borrow the print book. You can
now also buy the ebook from the Google Play Store.
Learn more fast: We've created reference pages for every
book so you can quickly find all kinds of relevant
information: book reviews, web references, maps and more.
https://books.google.co.in/ 99
100. GOOGLE SCHOLAR
Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for
scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many
disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and
court opinions, from academic publishers, professional
societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites.
Google Scholar helps you find relevant work across the world of
scholarly research.
Features of Google Scholar
· Search all scholarly literature from one convenient place
· Explore related works, citations, authors, and publications
· Locate the complete document through your library or on the
web
· Keep up with recent developments in any area of research
· Check who's citing your publications, create a public author
profile
https://scholar.google.co.in/ 100
101. PHET
PhET provides fun, free, interactive, research-based
science and mathematics simulations. We extensively test
and evaluate each simulation to ensure educational
effectiveness. These tests include student interviews and
observation of simulation use in classrooms.
The simulations are written in Java, Flash or HTML5, and
can be run online or downloaded to your computer. All
simulations are open source (see our source code).
Multiple sponsors support the PhET project, enabling
these resources to be free to all students and teachers.
http://phet.colorado.edu/
101
102. ENLVM
The National Library of Virtual Manipulatives NLVM) is an NSF
supported project that began in 1999 to develop a library of uniquely
interactive, web-based virtual manipulative or concept tutorials,
mostly in the form of Java applets, for mathematics instruction (K-12
emphasis).
Learning and understanding mathematics, at every level, requires
student engagement. Mathematics is not, as has been said, a
spectator sport. We can now use computers to create virtual learning
environments to address the same goals.
There is a need for good computer-based mathematical manipulative
and interactive learning tools at elementary and middle school levels.
The use of Java as a programming language provides platform
independence and web-based accessibility.
The NLVM is a resource from which teachers may freely draw to
enrich their mathematics classrooms. The library is actively being
extended and refined through projects including the eNLVM, a
project to develop interactive
online learning units for mathematics.
http://nlvm.usu.edu/
102
103. EDUTOPIA
A comprehensive website and online community that
increases knowledge, sharing, and adoption of what
works in K-12 education.
project-based learning, comprehensive assessment,
integrated studies, social and emotional learning,
educational leadership and teacher development,
and technology integration.
http://www.edutopia.org/
104
104. OER IN INDIA - IGNOU
105
Inter-University Consortium for
Technology-Enabled Flexible
Education and Development at
IGNOU (IUC-TEFED)
The IUC-TEFED was established in
India at IGNOU (www.ignou.ac.in) in
2004 as an education, training,
development, R&D and service centre
on ICT-enabled interactive multimedia
and online education for the distance
education system in the country.
It undertakes national and
international collaborative R&D
activities for appropriate
technology applications for education,
training, research and extension. IUC-
TEFED aims at transforming the
conventional distance learning to
modern ICT-enabled, multimedia
based, online and blended learning.
105. E-GYANKOSH
106
Indira Gandhi National
Open University (IGNOU)
launched its e-Gyankosh
initiative in 2005 to store,
index, preserve, distribute &
share the digital learning
resources developed by
them.
The initiative has emerged as
one of the world’s largest
educational resource
repository, under which over
95% of the self-instructional
print materials of IGNOU,
are now available in digital
format.
107. BITS INITIATIVE
The Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)
has brought around 14,000 books to students,
research scholars and teachers at the click of a
mouse. BITS has tied up with ‘24X7 Learning’, a
leading e-learning company in India. Students can
directly pick up books from the e-shelves of 290
publishers. The wide range in the cyber library covers
IT Pro, Business Pro,Exec Summaries, Finance Pro,
Office Essential and Engineering Pro in a searchable
format (www.i4donline.net).
108
108. DIGITAL LIBRARY OF INDIA
The Digital Library of India is hosted at the Regional
Mega-scanning Centre at IIIT, Hyderabad. It's vision
is to digitize all recorded knowledge in the world. The
vision of the website states: “For the first time in
history, all the significant literary, artistic, and
scientific works of mankind can be digitally
preserved and made freely available, in every corner
of the world, for our education, study, and
appreciation and that of all our future generations.”
Currently, it is undertaking the million book project,
and digitizing non-copyrighted materials. It is a
collaborative project of over 21 institutions in India.
(http://dli.iiit.ac.in/). 109
109. OER IN INDIA
110
The Versatile E-Learning Tool for
Distance Education, Video
Conferencing Tool.
A-VIEW (Amrita Virtual Interactive e-
Learning World) is an award winning
indigenously built multi-modal,
multimedia e-learning platform that
provides an immersive e-learning
experience that is almost as good as a
real classroom experience developed
by Amrita e-Learning Research Lab.
A-VIEW is part of Talk to a Teacher
program coordinated by IIT Bombay
and we are funded by the Ministry of
Human Resource Development
(MHRD) under the Indian
Government’s National Mission for
Education using Information and
Communication Technology (NME-
ICT) along with various other projects
in Virtual Labs, Haptics and Natural
Language Processing.
110. OSCAR
111
OEI-open education initiative
is Ekalavya, launched by
Indian Institute of Technology,
Bombay. In this project,
content developed in various
Indian languages is distributed
over the Internet.
The Ekalavya project has
developed an Open Source
Educational Resources
Animation Repository
(OSCAR) that provides web-
based interactive animations
for teaching. OSCAR provides
a platform for student
developers to create
animations based on ideas and
guidance from instructors.
113. NPTEL
114
National Program on
Technology Enabled
Learning (NPTEL) is a
project carried out by
seven IITs, the IISc, and
other premier
institutions around
India and funded by the
MHRD, has gained
popularity with more
than 90 million views
and 170,000 subscribers
on its YouTube channel.
115. NROER
116
National Repository for Open
Educational Resources (NROER)
is a web platform that allows for
collaborative creation of digital
content as well as its organization
along a concept map.
It is an initiative of CIET, the
educational technology unit at
NCERT. Over the last two decades,
CIET has created several audio
and video resources on K-12
education topics. These resources
have been made available to
students and teachers across the
country, through broadcasting
technologies.
10,000+ files are there which
includes : Image, video, Audiao,
Document etc of all subjects.
116. NIOS
117
National Institute of Open
Schooling (NIOS), the world’s
largest open schooling system,
supplements self-learning
using print material as well as
audio, video and multi-media
material.
These resources are distributed
in CD format or broadcasted
through education channels on
television and radio.
It publishes the online version
of textbooks on its website. It
has also created a wiki-based
platform for Open Education
Resources.
118. KOER
Karnataka’s Department of State Educational
Research and Training (DSERT) has launched a
project, Karnataka-Open Educational Resources
(KOER), to create contextual teaching resources, for
all grades and subjects for Karnataka school teachers,
in English and Kannada, between 2013 and 2016.
119
119. NDL
Ministry of Human Resource Development under its National Mission on
Education through Information and Communication Technology has initiated
the National Digital Library (NDL) pilot project to develop a framework of virtual
repository of learning resources with a single-window search facility.
NDL is designed to hold content of any language and provides interface support
for leading vernacular languages (currently Hindi and Bengali). It is being
developed to help students to prepare for entrance and competitive examination,
to enable people to learn and prepare from best practices from all over the world
and to facilitate researchers to perform inter-linked exploration from multiple
sources. The pilot project is devising a framework suitable for future scale up with
respect to content volume and diversity to become a full-blown National Digital
Library of India over time.
Educational materials are available for users ranging from primary to post-
graduate levels
Items are available in more than 70 languages
More than 40 types of learning resources are available
13,00,000+ Items have been authored by 1 lakh authors
Repository hosts contents from multiple subject domains like Technology,
Science, Humanities, Agriculture and others
Types of materials includes Text, Audio, Video, Image, Animation, Simulation,
Presentation and Application etc
Currently 75, 675, 373 items hosted
Anyone can browse above hosted items by their type, source and subject etc..
https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/
120
121. Open Course with Open Standards and Interoperability
Integration of Ideas from multiple sources
Interoperability
Open content from different sources
Distributed Metadata
Collaborative learning Tools
CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS
122. 123
Wiki (Wikipedia): Open Encyclopedia
Blogs
Social Networking Tools
Collaborative Workspaces
Personal learning Environment
COLLABORATIVE LEARNING TOOLS
123. Collective Improvement of Knowledge
Chronological History and Evolvement of Knowledge
Collaborative Work in an Asynchronous way
Reusable Format
Technically speaking: a collection of Hyperlinked Web
pages assembled within a wiki software up to 5 lines!
COLLABORATIVE LEARNING TOOLS: WIKI
125. Thank You…..
PPTs will be available on :
https://www.slideshare.net/DrTrivedi1
https://www.slideshare.net/mayanktrivedi21/present
ations
126