Physics of atom
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This document discusses the physics of atoms and their subatomic particles. It describes the Bohr model of the atom, which depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed orbits or shells. When electrons move between these shells, energy is absorbed or emitted in the form of radiation. The document also outlines the discoveries of subatomic particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons through experiments such as Rutherford's gold foil experiment and Chadwick's work. Finally, it provides the names, symbols, masses, and charges of the basic particles that make up an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
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Here is a semi-log plot of the data with an exponential trendline:
The equation of the trendline is:
y = 12456e-0.4693x
Taking the natural log of both sides:
ln(y) = ln(12456) - 0.4693x
The slope is -0.4693
Using the equation:
t1/2 = 0.693/λ
λ = 0.4693
t1/2 = 0.693/0.4693 = 1.5
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Handling confidential information has become an increasingly important concern among many areas of society. However, current computing environments have been still vulnerable to various threats, and we should think they are untrusted.
Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) have attracted attention because they can execute a program in a trusted environment constructed on an untrusted platform.
Particularly, the RISC-V Keystone is one of the interesting TEEs since it is a flexibly customizable and fully open-source platform. On the other hand, as same as other TEEs, it must also delegate I/O processing, such as file accesses, to a host OS, resulting in the expensive overhead. For this problem, we thought utilizing byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) modules is a useful solution to handle persistent data objects for TEEs.
In this paper, we introduce a prototype implementation of NVM support for the Keystone. Additionally, we evaluate it on the Freedom U500 built on a VC707 FPGA dev kit.
https://ken.ieice.org/ken/paper/20210720TC4K/
SUBJECT SPECIFIC ETHICAL ISSUES IN STUDY
Ethical considerations play a crucial role in research, ensuring the protection of participants and the integrity of the study. Here are some subject-specific ethical issues that researchers need
The cryptoterrestrial hypothesis: A case for scientific openness to a conceal...
Recent years have seen increasing public attention and indeed concern regarding Unidentified
Anomalous Phenomena (UAP). Hypotheses for such phenomena tend to fall into two classes: a
conventional terrestrial explanation (e.g., human-made technology), or an extraterrestrial explanation
(i.e., advanced civilizations from elsewhere in the cosmos). However, there is also a third minority
class of hypothesis: an unconventional terrestrial explanation, outside the prevailing consensus view of
the universe. This is the ultraterrestrial hypothesis, which includes as a subset the “cryptoterrestrial”
hypothesis, namely the notion that UAP may reflect activities of intelligent beings concealed in stealth
here on Earth (e.g., underground), and/or its near environs (e.g., the moon), and/or even “walking
among us” (e.g., passing as humans). Although this idea is likely to be regarded sceptically by most
scientists, such is the nature of some UAP that we argue this possibility should not be summarily
dismissed, and instead deserves genuine consideration in a spirit of epistemic humility and openness.
A mature quasar at cosmic dawn revealed by JWST rest-frame infrared spectroscopy
The rapid assembly of the first supermassive black holes is an enduring mystery. Until now, it was not known whether quasar ‘feeding’ structures (the ‘hot torus’) could assemble as fast as the smaller-scale quasar structures. We present JWST/MRS (rest-frame infrared) spectroscopic observations of the quasar J1120+0641 at z = 7.0848 (well within the epoch of reionization). The hot torus dust was clearly detected at λrest ≃ 1.3 μm, with a black-body temperature of
K, slightly elevated compared to similarly luminous quasars at lower redshifts. Importantly, the supermassive black hole mass of J1120+0641 based on the Hα line (accessible only with JWST), MBH = 1.52 ± 0.17 × 109 M⊙, is in good agreement with previous ground-based rest-frame ultraviolet Mg II measurements. Comparing the ratios of the Hα, Paα and Paβ emission lines to predictions from a simple one-phase Cloudy model, we find that they are consistent with originating from a common broad-line region with physical parameters that are consistent with lower-redshift quasars. Together, this implies that J1120+0641’s accretion structures must have assembled very quickly, as they appear fully ‘mature’ less than 760 Myr after the Big Bang.
The X‐Pattern Merging of the Equatorial IonizationAnomaly Crests During Geoma...
A unique phenomenon—A geomagnetically quiet time merging of Equatorial IonizationAnomaly (EIA) crests, leading to an X‐pattern (EIA‐X) around the magnetic equator—has been observed in thenight‐time ionospheric measurements by the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk mission. Thepattern is also reproduced in an ionospheric model that assimilates slant Total Electron Content from GlobalNavigation Satellite System and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2.A free‐running whole atmospheric general circulation model simulation reproduces a similar pattern. Due to thesimilarity between measurements and simulations, the latter is used to diagnose this heretofore unexplainedphenomenon. The simulation shows that the EIA‐X can occur during geomagnetically quiet conditions and inthe afternoon to evening sector at a longitude where the vertical drift is downward. The downward vertical driftis a necessary but not sufficient condition. The simulation was performed under constant low‐solar andquiescent‐geomagnetic forcing conditions, therefore we conclude that EIA‐X can be driven by lower‐atmospheric forcing.
Keys of Identification for Indian Wood: A Seminar Report
Identifying Indian wood involves recognizing key characteristics such as grain patterns, color, texture, hardness, and specific anatomical features. These identification keys include observing the wood's pores, growth rings, and resin canals, as well as its scent and weight. Understanding these features is essential for accurate wood identification, which is crucial for various applications in carpentry, furniture making, and conservation.
Additionally, the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in wood identification has revolutionized this field. CNNs can analyze images of wood samples to identify species with high accuracy by learning and recognizing intricate patterns and features. This technological advancement not only enhances the precision of wood identification but also accelerates the process, making it more efficient for industry professionals and researchers alike.
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS – THE IMPORTANCE OF FAIR TESTING.pptx
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Dalghren, Thorne and Stebbins System of Classification of Angiosperms
The Dahlgren, Thorne, and Stebbins system of classification is a modern method for categorizing angiosperms (flowering plants) based on phylogenetic relationships. Developed by botanists Rolf Dahlgren, Robert Thorne, and G. Ledyard Stebbins, this system emphasizes evolutionary relationships and incorporates extensive morphological and molecular data. It aims to provide a more accurate reflection of the genetic and evolutionary connections among angiosperm families and orders, facilitating a better understanding of plant diversity and evolution. This classification system is a valuable tool for botanists, researchers, and horticulturists in studying and organizing the vast diversity of flowering plants.
Electrostatic force class 8 ncert. .pptx
This an presentation about electrostatic force. This topic is from class 8 Force and Pressure lesson from ncert . I think this might be helpful for you. In this presentation there are 4 content they are Introduction, types, examples and demonstration. The demonstration should be done by yourself
ThrombUS+ Project Presentation - June 2024
Kaldoudi E., ThrombUS+ Project Overview, Horizon Europe Health Cluster Networking Meeting, Online Event, 26 June 2024
AZoNetwork eBook Production Cover Examples
Examples of covers from the eBooks AZoNetwork have produced
Transmission Spectroscopy of the Habitable Zone Exoplanet LHS 1140 b with JWS...
LHS 1140 b is the second-closest temperate transiting planet to the Earth with an equilibrium temperature low enough to support surface liquid water. At 1.730±0.025 R⊕, LHS 1140 b falls within
the radius valley separating H2-rich mini-Neptunes from rocky super-Earths. Recent mass and radius
revisions indicate a bulk density significantly lower than expected for an Earth-like rocky interior,
suggesting that LHS 1140 b could either be a mini-Neptune with a small envelope of hydrogen (∼0.1%
by mass) or a water world (9–19% water by mass). Atmospheric characterization through transmission
spectroscopy can readily discern between these two scenarios. Here, we present two JWST/NIRISS
transit observations of LHS 1140 b, one of which captures a serendipitous transit of LHS 1140 c. The
combined transmission spectrum of LHS 1140 b shows a telltale spectral signature of unocculted faculae (5.8 σ), covering ∼20% of the visible stellar surface. Besides faculae, our spectral retrieval analysis
reveals tentative evidence of residual spectral features, best-fit by Rayleigh scattering from an N2-
dominated atmosphere (2.3 σ), irrespective of the consideration of atmospheric hazes. We also show
through Global Climate Models (GCM) that H2-rich atmospheres of various compositions (100×, 300×,
1000×solar metallicity) are ruled out to >10 σ. The GCM calculations predict that water clouds form
below the transit photosphere, limiting their impact on transmission data. Our observations suggest
that LHS 1140 b is either airless or, more likely, surrounded by an atmosphere with a high mean molecular weight. Our tentative evidence of an N2-rich atmosphere provides strong motivation for future
transmission spectroscopy observations of LHS 1140 b.
A slightly oblate dark matter halo revealed by a retrograde precessing Galact...
The shape of the dark matter (DM) halo is key to understanding the
hierarchical formation of the Galaxy. Despite extensive eforts in recent
decades, however, its shape remains a matter of debate, with suggestions
ranging from strongly oblate to prolate. Here, we present a new constraint
on its present shape by directly measuring the evolution of the Galactic
disk warp with time, as traced by accurate distance estimates and precise
age determinations for about 2,600 classical Cepheids. We show that the
Galactic warp is mildly precessing in a retrograde direction at a rate of
ω = −2.1 ± 0.5 (statistical) ± 0.6 (systematic) km s−1 kpc−1 for the outer disk
over the Galactocentric radius [7.5, 25] kpc, decreasing with radius. This
constrains the shape of the DM halo to be slightly oblate with a fattening
(minor axis to major axis ratio) in the range 0.84 ≤ qΦ ≤ 0.96. Given the
young nature of the disk warp traced by Cepheids (less than 200 Myr), our
approach directly measures the shape of the present-day DM halo. This
measurement, combined with other measurements from older tracers,
could provide vital constraints on the evolution of the DM halo and the
assembly history of the Galaxy.
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The extremotolerant desert moss Syntrichia caninervis is a promising pioneer ...
The extremotolerant desert moss Syntrichia caninervis is a promising pioneer ...
Prototype Implementation of Non-Volatile Memory Support for RISC-V Keystone E...
Prototype Implementation of Non-Volatile Memory Support for RISC-V Keystone E...
The cryptoterrestrial hypothesis: A case for scientific openness to a conceal...
The cryptoterrestrial hypothesis: A case for scientific openness to a conceal...
A mature quasar at cosmic dawn revealed by JWST rest-frame infrared spectroscopy
A mature quasar at cosmic dawn revealed by JWST rest-frame infrared spectroscopy
The X‐Pattern Merging of the Equatorial IonizationAnomaly Crests During Geoma...
The X‐Pattern Merging of the Equatorial IonizationAnomaly Crests During Geoma...
Keys of Identification for Indian Wood: A Seminar Report
Keys of Identification for Indian Wood: A Seminar Report
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS – THE IMPORTANCE OF FAIR TESTING.pptx
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Dalghren, Thorne and Stebbins System of Classification of Angiosperms
Dalghren, Thorne and Stebbins System of Classification of Angiosperms
Joseph, Gilbert M. & Henderson, Timothy J. - The Mexico Reader. History, Cu...
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smallintestinedisorders-causessymptoms-240626051934-b669b27d.pptx
smallintestinedisorders-causessymptoms-240626051934-b669b27d.pptx
Transmission Spectroscopy of the Habitable Zone Exoplanet LHS 1140 b with JWS...
Transmission Spectroscopy of the Habitable Zone Exoplanet LHS 1140 b with JWS...
A slightly oblate dark matter halo revealed by a retrograde precessing Galact...
A slightly oblate dark matter halo revealed by a retrograde precessing Galact...
Physics of atom
- 1. PHYSICS OF ATOM U S MA N S A N D H U 0 8 0 3 0 6 1 0 - 0 2 3
- 2. • Fundamental piece of matter. • The protons and the neutrons make up the center of the atom called the nucleus and the electrons fly around above the nucleus in a small cloud.
- 3. SUBCOMPONENTS AND QUANTUM THEORY
- 4. BOHAR MODEL OF ATOM • The electron to move around the nucleus following fixed paths, or orbits, much as a planet moves around the sun. • This lowest energy state is called the ground state.
- 5. • It successfully predicted the frequencies of the lines in the hydrogen spectrum, so it seemed to be valid.
- 6. MAIN POINTS OF THE BOHR MODEL • Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy. • The energy of the orbit is related to its size. The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit. • Radiation is absorbed or emitted when an electron moves from one orbit to another.
- 7. RUTHERFORD'S PLANETARY MODEL OF THE ATOM • Rutherford tested Thomson's hypothesis by devising his "gold foil" experiment. • Alpha particles
- 8. DISCOVERY OF THE ELECTRON Electrons are bound to atoms they can – after acquiring energy from their surroundings – change their position tremendously fast.
- 9. DISCOVERY OF NEUTRONS • Chadwick’s work
- 10. DISCOVERY OF PROTONS The Discovery of Radioactivity (Ernest Rutherford) • In 1899 Ernest Rutherford studied the absorption of radioactivity by thin sheets of metal foil and found two components: alpha Radiation affected by electric and magnetic field
- 11. THE BASIC PARTICLES THAT MAKE UP AN ATOM • Name symbol Approximate More accurate mass Relative charge • Relative mass • Proton P 1 1.0000 +1 • Neutron n 1 1.0016 0 • Electron e Almost zero 0.000547 -1 •