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Danescu Georgeta
Buga Madalina
 Global warming and climate change are terms for the
observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of
the Earth's climate system and its related effects.
 Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate
system is warming.
 Temperature changes vary over the globe. Since 1979,
land temperatures have increased about twice as fast as
ocean temperatures. Ocean temperatures increase more
slowly than land temperatures because of the larger
effective heat capacity of the oceans and because the ocean
loses more heat by evaporation.
 The northern hemisphere is
also naturally warmer than
the southern
hemisphere mainly because
of meridional heat transport
in the oceans.
 Hemisphere this does not
contribute to the difference
in warming because the
major greenhouse gases
persist long enough to mix
between hemispheres.
Initial causes of temperature changes
 The climate system can
respond to changes
in external forcings.
External forcings can
"push" the climate in the
direction of warming or
cooling. Examples of
external forcings include
changes in atmospheric
composition (e.g.,
increased concentrations
of greenhouse gases, solar
luminosity, volcanic
eruptions.

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Climate change and global warming are causing a greenhouse effect that is impacting agriculture. As the average temperature rises more than 2 degrees Celsius, it will be disastrous for ecosystems and human inhabitation. Some areas will experience increased droughts or floods and rising sea levels. This document discusses the negative effects of climate change such as reduced crop yields in some regions as temperatures rise. However, increased carbon dioxide can positively impact plant growth and photosynthesis for some crops. The document recommends measures to reduce global warming such as planting more trees, using natural gas instead of coal, capturing carbon emissions, and sustainable agriculture practices.

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This document discusses global warming, defining it as a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's surface caused by both human and natural factors. It outlines the greenhouse gas effect and ozone layer depletion as the primary mechanisms, noting that increased CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel usage, deforestation, and other human activities are major contributors. Effects include melting glaciers/rising sea levels, more extreme weather, impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity, socioeconomic problems, and increased health issues. Solutions proposed are reducing carbon emissions through clean energy adoption, tree planting, and international agreements like the Kyoto Protocol. However, some uncertainties remain around the exact causes and impacts of global warming.

climate changeglaciar meltingglobal
 Anthropogenic forcing
has likely contributed
to some of the
observed changes,
including sea level
rise, changes in
climate extremes as
the number of warm
and cold
days), declinesc in
Arctic see ice extent,
glacier retreat and
greening in Sahara.
 Detection" is the
process of
demonstrating that
climate has changed
in some
defined statistical
sense, without
providing a reason for
that change.
Detection does not
imply attribution of
the detected change
to a particular cause.
Extreme weather
 Changes in regional climate are expected to include
greater warming over land, with most warming at high
northern latitudes, and least warming over
the Southern Ocean and parts of the North Atlantic
Ocean.
 Future changes in precipitation are expected to follow
existing trends, with reduced precipitation
over subtropical land areas, and increased
precipitation at subpolar latitudes and
some equatorial regions.
Long-term effects
• On the timescale of centuries to millennia, the
magnitude of global warming will be determined
primarily by anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This is
due to carbon dioxide's very long lifetime in the
atmosphere.
• Stabilizing global average temperature would
require reductions in anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
Reductions in emissions of non-CO2 anthropogenic
greenhouse gases (e.g., methane and nitrous oxide)
would also be necessary.
The global-warming

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The document discusses the uncertainty in predictions of future global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projects temperature increases between 1.5-6°C by 2100, but there is uncertainty regarding population growth, economic growth, energy use, and the climate system's response. Sea level rise is projected to be 0.2-0.8 meters by 2090s. There are also concerns about potential tipping points where small changes could trigger larger impacts, such as forest dieback increasing carbon emissions or melting Arctic sea ice reducing albedo. The Arctic is already experiencing impacts like sea ice and tundra retreat threatening ecosystems and indigenous peoples. Africa is also highly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to poverty

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Scientists have warned that the world's climate is changing rapidly due to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, primarily from burning fossil fuels. The warming climate is causing glaciers to melt and stronger storms to form. While climate has changed naturally in the past, current changes are occurring faster and are driven by human activity. The climate refers to long-term weather patterns over years in a given location, while weather describes short-term outdoor conditions. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat and maintain the Earth's warm temperature.

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The global-warming

  • 2.  Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.  Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming.  Temperature changes vary over the globe. Since 1979, land temperatures have increased about twice as fast as ocean temperatures. Ocean temperatures increase more slowly than land temperatures because of the larger effective heat capacity of the oceans and because the ocean loses more heat by evaporation.
  • 3.  The northern hemisphere is also naturally warmer than the southern hemisphere mainly because of meridional heat transport in the oceans.  Hemisphere this does not contribute to the difference in warming because the major greenhouse gases persist long enough to mix between hemispheres.
  • 4. Initial causes of temperature changes  The climate system can respond to changes in external forcings. External forcings can "push" the climate in the direction of warming or cooling. Examples of external forcings include changes in atmospheric composition (e.g., increased concentrations of greenhouse gases, solar luminosity, volcanic eruptions.
  • 5.  Anthropogenic forcing has likely contributed to some of the observed changes, including sea level rise, changes in climate extremes as the number of warm and cold days), declinesc in Arctic see ice extent, glacier retreat and greening in Sahara.  Detection" is the process of demonstrating that climate has changed in some defined statistical sense, without providing a reason for that change. Detection does not imply attribution of the detected change to a particular cause.
  • 6. Extreme weather  Changes in regional climate are expected to include greater warming over land, with most warming at high northern latitudes, and least warming over the Southern Ocean and parts of the North Atlantic Ocean.  Future changes in precipitation are expected to follow existing trends, with reduced precipitation over subtropical land areas, and increased precipitation at subpolar latitudes and some equatorial regions.
  • 7. Long-term effects • On the timescale of centuries to millennia, the magnitude of global warming will be determined primarily by anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This is due to carbon dioxide's very long lifetime in the atmosphere. • Stabilizing global average temperature would require reductions in anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Reductions in emissions of non-CO2 anthropogenic greenhouse gases (e.g., methane and nitrous oxide) would also be necessary.