The Svalbard Global Seed Vault: A lifesaver in the Arctic

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NAP Events

Presentation by: Marie Haga SESSION I: PLENARY – OPENING AND INTRODUCTION 1.2 Opening keynotes

1
The Svalbard Global Seed Vault
A Lifesaver in the Arctic

1414
People fed per
hectare
1960
2 people
2005
> 4 people
2030
> 5 people
Increasing Pressure
on Land
Land
Degradation
Urbanization
Alternative uses: Biofuel

15
Produce more food
More nutritious food
On less land
With less water
The Challenge Ahead
15
With less pesticides
With less fertilizer
With less environmental With less
water
footprint

21
• Natural diversity as a raw
material for crop improvement
via traditional breeding
• Several million crop
varieties worldwide (cultivars,
traditional landraces, wild
relatives)
The Importance of
Crop Diversity
ALL are important because ONE might have
the trait to adapt to a changing climate,
increase nutritious value, fight disease, or
produce higher yields
21 21

22
CROP
IS A PREREQUISITE FOR FOOD SECURITY
22

23
Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition,
and promote sustainable agriculture
2.5: By 2020 maintain genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants, farmed and
domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and
diversified seed and plant banks at national, regional and international levels, and ensure
access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic
resources and associated traditional knowledge as internationally agreed
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
23

24
• China lost - 90% of rice varieties since 1950
• Mexico lost - 80% of corn varieties since 1900
• India lost - 90% of rice varieties since 1900
• USA lost - 90% of fruit and vegetable varieties since 1900
• …..
Diversity Already Lost
24

25
We can’t retrieve what we have
lost, but we can protect what
we have - and make it available.
Collecting Crops in
Genebanks 25
25

30
Or bred to withstand climatic changes

34
…and improve resistance to drought and
disease

36
…and to be
conserved
forever in
genebanks

37
A cost-effective, rational,
and global system for the
conservation of crop diversity.
The Global System has three
pillars.
The Objective
37

38
• More than 750,000 varieties
held in trust for the
international communities
• 11 collections worldwide
The International
Collections

40
• National and regional
collections of global
significance
National Collections

41
• Information on each variety
can be used to breed better
crops
• Sharing and making this data
available is tricky and needs
to be done well
Data

42
The Svalbard Global Seed Vault
• A safety backup of the
world’s crop collections
• The insurance plan for
collections globally
A Global Backup

43
We need backups
Fire, Philippines National Genebank

46
Maize and Wheat
The Maize and Wheat Improvement Center

47
Rice
The International Rice Research Institute

48
Beans
The International Center for Tropical Agriculture

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原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(flinders文凭证书)澳洲弗林德斯大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信学历认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、在读证明、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才办理(flinders文凭证书)澳洲弗林德斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。办理(flinders文凭证书)澳洲弗林德斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。校名:学校英文全称授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。办理(flinders文凭证书)澳洲弗林德斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。综上所述，办理(flinders文凭证书)澳洲弗林德斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。

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Denzel Washington Siblings: A Comprehensive Look at the Family Behind the Legend

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Introduction Denzel Washington is synonymous with exceptional talent and a distinguished career in Hollywood. But, behind the celebrated actor is a family that has shaped the man we see today. This article delves deep into the lives of Denzel Washington siblings. Exploring their individual stories, relationships, and contributions to the Washington family's legacy. Follow us on: Pinterest Early Life and Family Background The Washington Family Roots Denzel Washington was born on December 28, 1954, in Mount Vernon. New York, to Reverend Denzel Hayes Washington Sr. and Lennis "Lynne" Lowe Washington. His parents were pivotal figures in their community. with his father serving as a Pentecostal minister and his mother as a beauty parlor owner. This robust and faith-driven upbringing laid the foundation for the values and discipline that Denzel and his siblings would carry throughout their lives. Siblings: An Overview Denzel Washington is one of three children. His older sister, Lorice Washington, and younger brother. David Washington, have each carved out their paths. contributing to their family and society. This section overviews their early lives before diving into more detailed biographies. Lorice Washington: The Eldest Sister Early Life and Education Lorice Washington, the eldest of the Washington siblings. was born in Mount Vernon, New York. Growing up in a household that emphasized education and hard work. Lorice excelled in her studies and known for her nurturing nature. She often took on a caretaking role for her younger brothers. Career and Personal Life Lorice pursued a career in education, inspired by her parents' commitment to community and service. She became a well-respected teacher. dedicating her life to shaping young minds and fostering a love for learning. Lorice's influence on her students and her dedication to her profession reflect the values instilled in her by her parents. Relationship with Denzel As the eldest sibling, Lorice has always shared a close bond with Denzel. Their relationship characterized by mutual respect and admiration. Denzel often credits his sister for her unwavering support and for being a role model in his life. Their sibling bond has remained strong over the years. with Lorice playing a pivotal role in Denzel's personal and professional life. David Washington: The Younger Brother Early Life and Education David Washington, the youngest of the Washington siblings. was also born in Mount Vernon, New York. Like his siblings, David raised in a household that valued discipline, education, and faith. He attended local schools and known for his athletic abilities and charming personality. Career and Personal Life Unlike his famous brother, David's career path diverged from the entertainment industry. He pursued a business career, leveraging his skills and education to build a successful professional life. David's entrepreneurial spirit and dedication to his work are testaments to the strong work et

Novel biosynthesized nanosilver impregnated heat modified montmorillonite cla...

Open Access Research Paper

We report here the preparation of highly stabilized nanosilver (AgNp) impregnated clay composites by the biological method. Characterizations by various techniques indicate that the silver nanoparticles were intercalated into montmorillonite clay k10 (MMT k10) composite. The adsorption of malachite green dye onto silver nanoparticles impregnated clay (Ag/MMT K10) and calcined clay (Ag/CMMT K10) in aqueous solution was investigated. Experiments were performed out as function of different dosages (1-3g/L). pH (4.7, 6.7 and 8.7) and temperature (30-60oC).The equilibrium adsorption data of cationic dye on both (Ag/MMT K10) and calcined clay (Ag/CMMT K10) were investigated by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum adsorption capability (k) has been found to be 34.3- 44.3mg/g. High adsorptive nature of the calcined clay Ag/CMMT K10 provided reasonable dye removal capacity. The kinetics of cationic dye adsorption suitably followed the pseudo- first and second order rate expression which shows that intraparticle diffusion plays an important role in the mechanism of adsorption. The experimental results indicate that calcined clay Ag/CMMT K10 is potential material for adsorption of cationic dye from aqueous solutions.

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一比一原版(utas毕业证)塔斯马尼亚大学毕业证如何办理

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原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(utas毕业证)塔斯马尼亚大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信学历认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、在读证明、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才办理(utas毕业证)塔斯马尼亚大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。办理(utas毕业证)塔斯马尼亚大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。校名:学校英文全称授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。办理(utas毕业证)塔斯马尼亚大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。综上所述，办理(utas毕业证)塔斯马尼亚大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。

一比一原版(parsons毕业证)帕森斯设计学院毕业证如何办理

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一比一原版(flinders文凭证书)澳洲弗林德斯大学毕业证如何办理

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The Svalbard Global Seed Vault: A lifesaver in the Arctic

1. 1 The Svalbard Global Seed Vault A Lifesaver in the Arctic

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

6. 6 Longyearbyen, Svalbard

7. 7

8. 8

9. 9

10. 10

11. 11 A bigger picture…

12. 12 World Population Growth 12

13. 13 Climate Change 13

14. 1414 People fed per hectare 1960 2 people 2005 > 4 people 2030 > 5 people Increasing Pressure on Land Land Degradation Urbanization Alternative uses: Biofuel

15. 15 Produce more food More nutritious food On less land With less water The Challenge Ahead 15 With less pesticides With less fertilizer With less environmental With less water footprint

16. 16 It starts with a seed…

17. 17

18. 18

19. 19

20. 20 …millions of varieties

21. 21 • Natural diversity as a raw material for crop improvement via traditional breeding • Several million crop varieties worldwide (cultivars, traditional landraces, wild relatives) The Importance of Crop Diversity ALL are important because ONE might have the trait to adapt to a changing climate, increase nutritious value, fight disease, or produce higher yields 21 21

22. 22 CROP IS A PREREQUISITE FOR FOOD SECURITY 22

23. 23 Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture 2.5: By 2020 maintain genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants, farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at national, regional and international levels, and ensure access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge as internationally agreed United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 23

24. 24 • China lost - 90% of rice varieties since 1950 • Mexico lost - 80% of corn varieties since 1900 • India lost - 90% of rice varieties since 1900 • USA lost - 90% of fruit and vegetable varieties since 1900 • ….. Diversity Already Lost 24

25. 25 We can’t retrieve what we have lost, but we can protect what we have - and make it available. Collecting Crops in Genebanks 25 25

26. 26 Collected from our farmer’s fields…

27. 27 …and collected naturally in the wild

28. 28 Collected and sorted

29. 29 Which are then grown out

30. 30 Or bred to withstand climatic changes

31. 31 Duplicates made

32. 32 Shared with farmers

33. 33 To improve productivity

34. 34 …and improve resistance to drought and disease

35. 35 …or improve taste

36. 36 …and to be conserved forever in genebanks

37. 37 A cost-effective, rational, and global system for the conservation of crop diversity. The Global System has three pillars. The Objective 37

38. 38 • More than 750,000 varieties held in trust for the international communities • 11 collections worldwide The International Collections

39. 39 International Genebanks 39

40. 40 • National and regional collections of global significance National Collections

41. 41 • Information on each variety can be used to breed better crops • Sharing and making this data available is tricky and needs to be done well Data

42. 42 The Svalbard Global Seed Vault • A safety backup of the world’s crop collections • The insurance plan for collections globally A Global Backup

43. 43 We need backups Fire, Philippines National Genebank

44. 44 Duplicates are prepared

45. 45 … and put in boxes

46. 46 Maize and Wheat The Maize and Wheat Improvement Center

47. 47 Rice The International Rice Research Institute

48. 48 Beans The International Center for Tropical Agriculture

49. 49 Shipped to Svalbard

50. 50 Scanned for security purposes

51. 51 Brought to the vault

52. 52

53. 53 Deep inside the mountain