Plant Protection Science, 2020 (vol. 56), issue 4

Arthropod pests of pistachios, their natural enemies and managementReview

Mohammad Reza Mehrnejad

Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(4):231-260 | DOI: 10.17221/63/2019-PPS  

Commercial pistachio cultivation and production began about a century ago in Iran. The size of this industry has gradually increased and the pistachio nut production in Iran is now the largest worldwide, although it has declined over last few years due to long periods of harsh drought, the mismanagement of water resources and the impact of climate change. Research on pests and diseases was started in the 1940s due to the demands of the growers who were facing economic damage by herbivorous insects. Much research has been undertaken over the last 75 years to improve production procedures and the present article summarises the available information on...

Effect of defective interfering RNAs on the vertical transmission of Tomato black ring virusOriginal Paper

Henryk Pospieszny, Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska, Natasza Borodynko-Filas, Santiago F. Elena

Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(4):261-267 | DOI: 10.17221/54/2020-PPS  

Viruses are thought to be the ultimate parasites, using host resources for multiplication. Interestingly, many viruses also have their own 'parasites', such as defective interfering RNAs (DI RNAs). One of the plant viruses whose infection can be accompanied by subviral RNAs is the Tomato black ring virus (TBRV). DI RNAs associated with the TBRV genome were generated de novo as a result of prolonged passages in one host. DI RNAs modulate the TBRV accumulation and the severity of the symptoms induced on the infected plants. In this study, we have addressed the question of whether DI RNAs can also affect TBRV vertical transmission through...

In vitro antibacterial activity of Magnolia tamaulipana against tomato phytopathogenic bacteriaOriginal Paper

Roberto Arredondo-Valdés, Julio C. Chacón-Hernández, Francisco Reyes-Zepeda, Francisco D. Hernández-Castillo, Julia C. Anguiano-Cabello, Rapucel T.Q. Heinz-Castro, Sandra G. Mora-Ravelo

Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(4):268-274 | DOI: 10.17221/13/2020-PPS  

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. Still, there are phytopathogenic bacteria that cause a decrease in the yield or can kill the plant, like Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Xv), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs ) and Agrobacterium tumefeciens (At). Synthetic chemical fungicides are primarily used to control plant pathogenic bacteria, but their rapid growth makes them resistant to control. This research work is aimed at assessing the in...

Virulence and race structure of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in KazakhstanOriginal Paper

Aralbek Rsaliyev, Gulbahar Yskakova, Akerke Maulenbay, Kunsulu Zakarya, Shynbolat Rsaliyev

Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(4):275-284 | DOI: 10.17221/85/2020-PPS  

Severe epidemics of wheat stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) have been observed in recent years in major spring wheat producing regions in Kazakhstan. However, information on the virulence structure and race composition of Pgt is currently not available. Stem rust samples were collected in 2015-2018 in three regions of Kazakhstan to determine the virulence diversity and race distribution in the Pgt populations. A total of 203 single-pustule isolates were derived and evaluated on the stem rust differential and supplemental lines and 38 races were identified. Among them, the races QHHSF and THMTF were found in...

Developing a decision support tool to forecast the abundance of the cabbage stem weevil in winter oilseed rapeOriginal Paper

Michael Eickermann, Franz Kai Ronellenfitsch, Juergen Junk

Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(4):285-291 | DOI: 10.17221/93/2019-PPS  

Reducing the use of pesticides in agricultural systems is a prerequisite for sustainable agriculture and, therefore, knowledge on the factors that influence the regional insect pest densities is necessary. Based on multi-site and multi-annual observations of the cabbage stem weevil [Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Marsham, 1802)] in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus Linnaeus) and the corresponding meteorological measurements, a statistical relationship for forecasting the abundance was derived. The model explains 84% of the variation of the data set. The remaining 16% might be explained by the landscape effects and agricultural practices,...

An updated checklist of thrips from Slovakia with emphasis on economic speciesOriginal Paper

Martina Zvaríková, Rudolf Masarovič, Pavol Prokop; Peter Fedor

Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(4):292-304 | DOI: 10.17221/87/2020-PPS  

Almost sixty years after the first published plea for more systematic research on thrips in Slovakia, the checklist undisputedly requires an appropriate revision with a special emphasis on the economic consequences of climate change and biological commodity trade globalisation synergic effects, followed by the dynamic and significant changes in the native biodiversity due to alien species introduction. The updated checklist contains 189 species ecorded from the area of Slovakia, from three families: Aeolothripidae Uzel, 1895 (15 species), Thripidae Stephens, 1829 (113 species) and Phlaeothripidae Uzel, 1895 (61 species), including 7 beneficiary and...

Selectivity and efficacy of herbicides dimethachlor and pethoxamid in rocket cropOriginal Paper

Ivana Doležalová, Irena Petrželová, Martin Duchoslav

Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(4):305-316 | DOI: 10.17221/93/2020-PPS  

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy, selectivity and health harmlessness of four application rates of two pre-emergent herbicides (pethoxamid and dimethachlor) in the rocket [Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cavanilles)]. Pethoxamid was found to be less efficient on the total weed density (efficacy 86.0-93.3%) in comparison with the effect of dimethachlor (94.9-95.8%). Dimethachlor expressed an excellent efficacy on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauvois, Portulaca oleracea Linnaeus, Amaranthus retroflexus Linnaeus, Lamium purpureum Linnaeus, and Veronica persica Poiret from...

Investigation of some biochemical mechanisms involved in the resistance of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties to Orobanche spp.Original Paper

Zouhaier Abbes, Amal Bouallegue, Imen Trabelsi, Najla Trabelsi, Amani Taamalli, Moez Amri, Haythem Mhadhbi, Mohamed Kharrat

Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(4):317-328 | DOI: 10.17221/103/2019-PPS  

Broomrapes are weedy root parasitic plants that cause important damage to the faba bean production. Genetic resistance is considered as the most desirable control method. In this study, we investigated some of the mechanisms involved in the resistance to Orobanche crenata and O. foetida for two Tunisian resistant varieties Najeh and Chourouk in comparison with the susceptible variety Badi. The results showed that, for Najeh and Chourouk, the Orobanche infestation did not significantly influence the plant growth as indicated by inconsiderable changes in the shoot and root dry weights, pod setting and chlorophyll and carotenoid...

Obituary Professor Vladimír Táborský

Pavel Ryšánek, Jana Chrpová

Plant Protect. Sci., 2020, 56(4):329 | DOI: 10.17221/119/2020-PPS