Plant Protection Science, 2021 (vol. 57), issue 3
Biological and molecular characterisation of the two Polish Wheat streak mosaic virus isolates and their transmission by wheat curl mitesOriginal Paper
Katarzyna Trzmiel, Wiktoria Szydło, Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(3):171-178 | DOI: 10.17221/104/2020-PPS 
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is a serious and widespread pathogen in the wheat-producing areas in the USA while, in Europe, it has been considered a minor threat to cereal crops. In the past, WSMV was detected in wheat, triticale and maize plants in Poland by DAS-ELISA. Here, we present the biological and molecular characterisation of WSMV-Sze and WSMV-Sosn isolates collected from western and southern Poland and report their transmissibility by the widespread wheat curl mite (WCM) lineage MT-8. The performed bioassays revealed that the analysed WSMV isolates infect wheat, barley, triticale, rye, oat and maize, but they differ in the symptoms...
Phylogenetic and diversity analyses of Garlic common latent virus based on the TGB and CP gene sequenceOriginal Paper
Adyatma Irawan Santosa, Filiz Ertunc
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(3):179-187 | DOI: 10.17221/149/2020-PPS
Garlic common latent virus (GarCLV, Carlavirus), in co-infection, often worsens the severity of other Allium viruses on the garlic (Allium sativum Linnaeus). The nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequences of the TGB and CP genes were analysed to get the first deep insight into the genomic variations and population structure of GarCLV. Global recombinant-free isolates were clustered into three clades in both the nt-based phylogenetic trees of TGB and CP. The clade 3 isolates shared low similarity percentages among themselves, as well as to the clade 1 and 2 isolates. Most major aa changes in the CP were observed...
First report of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii' associated with leaf reddening and upright growth in pears (Pyrus communis L.)Original Paper
Mustafa Usta, Abdullah Güller, Hikmet Murat Sipahioglu
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(3):188-195 | DOI: 10.17221/163/2020-PPS
The natural occurrence of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii' in pear trees (Pyrus communis Linnaeus) is reported here for the first time. In 2017, a total of thirty-five pear trees, two of them exhibiting leaf rolling along the midvein, reddening, bushy appearance, and upright growth symptoms were sampled in different locations in Van province, Turkey. The total deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. The purified DNA served as a template in nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) assays, performed to amplify 16S rRNA sequences using universal primer pairs (R16mF2/R16mR1 and R16F2n/R16R2)....
Epidemiology studies of Pseudomonas syringae pathovars associated with bacterial canker on the sweet cherry in SerbiaOriginal Paper
Renata Iličić, Jelica Balaž, Vladislav Ognjanov, Tatjana Popović
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(3):196-205 | DOI: 10.17221/140/2020-PPS
This study was conducted to examine the epidemiological characteristics of two Pseudomonas syringae pvs. - syringae (Pss) and morsprunorum race 1 (Psm) on the sweet cherry in both field and laboratory conditions. Cycled inoculations of one-year-old branches indicated that the sweet cherry became sensitive to Psm race 1 earlier in the season (October) compared to Pss (November). The most severe infections occurred in the dormancy period (November), while the necroses formed in January and March were less in their length. Inoculations of the two-/three-year-old branches performed in November...
Distribution of copper resistance gene variants of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforansOriginal Paper
Yi-Ru Lai, Chih-Hung Lin, Chun-Pi Chang, Hui-Fang Ni, Wen-Shi Tsai, Chien-Jui Huang
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(3):206-216 | DOI: 10.17221/160/2020-PPS
In Taiwan, numerous crops are threatened by Xanthomonas diseases such as citrus bacterial canker caused by X. citri subsp. citri and tomato bacterial spot mainly caused by X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans. Foliar sprays of copper-based bactericides have been frequently used for control of plant bacterial diseases. However, in Taiwan not much attention was paid on copper-resistant (CuR) Xanthomonas spp. and their impact on disease control efficacy of copper-based bactericides. In this study, CuR Xanthomonas isolates were collected from citrus and tomato in Taiwan. Compared...
The effect of a seed coating with Origanum vulgare essential oil on Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensisOriginal Paper
Meral Yilmaz, Ömür Baysal, Ragip Soner Sīlme
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(3):217-225 | DOI: 10.17221/177/2020-PPS
The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a seed film coating with Origanum vulgare Linnaeus essential oil (EO) against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) on tomatoes. Tomato seeds (cv. Rio Grande) coated with different doses of EO derived from O. vulgare were inoculated with Cmm (1.8 × 108 CFU/mL). O. vulgare's EO showed a remarkable inhibition effect on the Cmm growth. The EO effect against Cmm was determined based on the parameters, such as the inhibition zone and bacterial population in a seed. The GC-MS analysis of EO showed that carvacrol is the major component (at 74.05%),...
Use of gene family analysis to discover argonaut (AGO) genes for increasing the resistance of Tibetan hull-less barley to leaf stripe diseaseOriginal Paper
Xiaohua Yao, Yue Wang, Youhua Yao, Likun An, Yixiong Bai, Xin Li, Kunlun Wu, Youming Qiao
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(3):226-239 | DOI: 10.17221/180/2020-PPS
Leaf stripe is a common, but major infectious disease of barley, severely affecting the yield and quality. However, only a few genes have been identified by conventional gene mapping. Gene family analysis has become a fast and efficient strategy for gene discovery. Studies demonstrated that Argonaute (AGO) proteins play an important role in plant disease resistance. Thus, we obtained nine HvAGO genes via mRNA sequencing before and after a Pyrenophora graminea infection of a disease-resistant variety "Kunlun 14" and a susceptible variety "Z1141". We analysed the physicochemical characteristics, gene structures, and motifs of the HvAGO...
Effect of bioinsecticides on the grey maize weevil Tanymecus dilaticollisOriginal Paper
Teodora Toshova, Dimitar Velchev, Daniela Pilarska, Ivaylo Todorov, Slavimira Draganova, Jaroslav Holuša, Danail Takov
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(3):240-247 | DOI: 10.17221/17/2021-PPS
Tanymecus dilaticollis is an important pest of maize and sunflowers in eastern Europe. In the present study, we examined the effectiveness of two commercially available bioinsecticides against T. dilaticollis adults under laboratory conditions: Naturalis® based on the Beauveria bassiana fungus and an azadirachtin-based botanical product NeemAzal T/S®. Our results suggested that adults of the pests are more susceptible to B. bassiana than to azadirachtin. Naturalis®, tested at six concentrations (2.3 × 102 - 2.3 × 107 conidia/mL), showed a high lethal...
Is the double-spined bark beetle Ips duplicatus a new threat to Picea omorika in urban habitats?Short Communication
Jozef Vakula, Milan Zúbrik, Juraj Galko, Andrej Gubka, Andrej Kunca, Christo Nikolov, Miroslav Saniga, Peter Zach
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(3):248-251 | DOI: 10.17221/7/2021-PPS
The double-spined bark beetle Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is an invasive forest pest having a broad range of coniferous hosts within Europe. We found this species to be also developing in the Serbian spruce Picea omorika. Ips duplicatus infested 14 (52%) of 27 P. omorika mature trees in an arboretum garden in northern Slovakia in Central Europe during the summer of 2019. Logs from the upper part of stems of P. omorika trees placed in eclectors in the laboratory, yielded a total of 179 individuals of three scolytine species, with prevalence of I. duplicatus. Our results show that...
Book reviewBook Review
Aleš Lebeda
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(3):252-254 | DOI: 10.17221/38/2021-PPS
Professor Aleš Lebeda at SeventyBiographical Notice
Vladan Ondřej, Ian R. Curte, Geoffrey R. Dixon, Jeremy J. Burdon, Ray D. Martyn, Larry D. Knerr, Ir. Kees Reinink
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(3):255-262 | DOI: 10.17221/53/2021-PPS