Ashish Kumar Katiyar

The improved design of joint assembly & their parts, made up of non wood material are presented. After finding out volume of non-wood material from a referenced handle based on constraint measurement, from which joint assembly would be prepared, with the help of this joint assembly the handle would be attached or detached. The design and manufacturing process of the joint assembly with their parts has been presented in this paper as per the Law 5-the bat of MCC, 2017 which quantify the use of non-wood materials up to only one-tenth part from the total volume of the handle.

A survey was carried out on Grade 'A' cricket bats handles, made up of the finest quality of four pieces Singapore cane with 3 rubber springs. Standard cricket bats handles were chosen from four different cricket manufacturing agencies, due to having different geometrical parameters. All handle were meticulously taken off from the blade and then they were measured and recorded, aiming to constraining a new measurement for a referenced cricket bat handle of short length. The estimation was made on the behalf of the measurement (value) taken from different size of handle ranging from their minimum to maximum, and standard values of handle keeping in view on their distinct parameters separately. So, by this way determination of geometric parameters and new modification were made for constraining measurement for a referenced cricket bat handle (i.e. short in length and round in shape) found for our purpose.

During the middle of the first decade this century, bat makers began innovating with handle designs, altering and going over through the high quality of material that is predominantly constructed and produced from rattan (also known as cane wood). The handle is made from cane with strips of cork or rubber dividing the cane into sections running the length of the handle, this construction has been designed to give the handle suitable damping and stiffness properties. By having good physical properties like moisture content, density, and mechanical properties like flexibility, stiffness, durability, lightness and having natural strength to resist the capacity of force produced by the ball impacting over 100mph, due to these characteristics that are needed into the cricket bat handles, rattans are considered as unique multifunctional raw materials for the manufacturing and construction of cricket bat handle by the different sports manufacturing industries.

This work had been intended to set and determine the geometrical parameters for a referenced cricket bat handle for our purpose, due to geometric variations found in the handles. By reviewing related literature based on past research work carried by many researcher on cricket bat. The criterion used for selecting and determining major parameters of the handle with some new technical parameters with reference to more traditional design based on to other performance-oriented geometrical features widely employed in commercial designs of cricket bat made by the different manufacturers' of sporting equipment in present. And so far, some new and typical geometrical parameters are considered and established for a referenced Cricket bat handle, which in turn used in a cricket bat with having a detachable handle for further study.

ABSTRACT: A review was carried out to identify published work on use of material into the handle of cricket bat for its design and manufacturing. As the time and popularity of the game surprisingly increases, little research had been done for the advancement of the equipments when there is no restriction on the use of materials, such as composite materials, carbon fiber, titanium etc. As the new Law came into effect from 1 st October 2008, all these bats were ruled to be in contravention of the Laws of cricket and have since been withdrawn. And To further improvement in the performance of cricket bat, without violating the rules of the game, advance materials are to be used. And such advancements, together with use of stiff and lightweight composite materials, have engendered many designs would be explored in the future. Innovation is limited in cricket where the rules insist that the use of predominant material in cricket bat must be, for the blades-use of willow (100%) only and for the handles–total (90%) volume of bat handles should consist of cane, wood and/or twine with the other (10%) for other purpose like reducing vibration.

The main aim of the present study is based on the observing cricket players that they have too many and different type cricket bat keeping and carrying with themselves. This cricket bat with detachable handle of changing length contains two sections of the handle. Section 1 remains fixed with the blade of the cricket bat. Section 2 may be more than one having distinctive lengths and can either be detached or attached with section 1, as per the requirement of the batsman. Along with this, this invention leads the batsman to reduce the weight of their kitbags that results in the transportation to bear half of the load during teams’ journey from one place to another which not only contribute economically but it will improve the environment as just half the quantity of timber will be required to manufacture and satisfies the supply demand of the cricket market.

With global technological advancement energy demand is increasing and there is a strong dependence on unsustainable fossil fuels based power generation. The fossil fuels are burnt for power generation which causes pollution. Pollution is a crucial problem globally and there are so many adverse effects of pollution on living things as well as on environment.
Today in a polluted environment and changed life style it is very difficult to live healthy. In fact, regular physical activity can help to manage a wide range of health problems. Treadmill is one of the exercise machine in which someone walks/runs over a belt. This belt is wrapped around two rollers which are mounted on left and right uprights at one side and base frame on other side respectively.
The human effort during exercise goes waste in conventional manual treadmill. The author has designed a treadmill with Electricity Generator to produce electricity during exercise. The generator is coupled with the roller Flywheel with help of a V-belt to generate electricity using human effort. The electricity generated during exercise may be used for charging a battery or for any other work. The design of this Treadmill has been presented in this paper.

Even though in-spite of the fact that the sports of cricket is 500 year old, there has been little scientific researches done to study the bat. Since the 17th century cricket bat has been changed various times; the earliest cricket bats were made from a single piece of wood. The gradual development of cricket bat made this single piece of wood in to two parts i.e. the blade and the handle. Over the last 3 years there has been a spate of innovation in cricket bat handles to improve bat performance. But this time the guardian of the rules MCC decided the trend would tilt the balance in favor of the batsman too much, where the ball, pitches and boundaries have remained unchanged. So they modified Rule 6, and allow only 10% of ‘non-wood’ material in the handle. So by keeping in mind the rules of cricket bat characteristics a new recent development takes place that would be dominant in the era of modern cricket. This innovation further bifurcates the handle in two parts and the blade will remain same as it was (Ali, S. & Murtaza, S. T. 2014).

Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) established the set of rules which describes the laws of cricket worldwide to ensure uniformity and fairness in the game. There are currently 42 laws in which one of them is the Law 6 related with the bat which is the base of this present study. There has been a major transformation in cricket bats throughout the history. Since the initially systematized guidelines were composed in 1744, the sequence of changes influencing the bat comes in 1774 (first rule for the bat), 1809, 1979, and 2008 respectively. The changes might have made some sense to protect the spirit and balance of the game. They subsequently ruled the bats illegal under Law 6.2 (2000 code ‐ 2nd edition 2003) relating to covering material. The MCC as the Guardian of the Laws of Cricket has a duty to maintain the traditional balance between the bat and the ball. In recent years, it has been evident that the bat is starting to dominate. Furthermore, with the developments in technology and materials, a few cricket bats have appeared in the market with potential performance-enhancing properties. MCC believes that, if the cricket bat becomes too powerful, it will be detrimental to the sport that forces to MCC to change Law 6(the bat) and a 3rd edition of the 2000 code was published in 2008 with newly created appendix E for the bat.

Abstract:-Tests and measurements in the field of Physical Education are comparatively recent
outgrowth of the general testing movements (Achenbach 1992; Barnett & Peter 2004). There are
many skill tests that have been constructed especially in the last three decades for all age groups
measuring every sort of physical movement. The amount of cricket being played has increased
many-folds over the past one decade. Despite having the history of odd-400 years of the game,
no standardized test to measure the skill level of cricketers is reported in literature. Personal tests
to predict cricket playing ability have been used by coaches globally at all levels but they have
varied considerably in content and design. This has occurred because coaches are seemingly not
of the same opinion as to what are the most important "core-elements "of the game, though the
game of cricket is being played by almost 106 Member countries of the International Cricket
Council (ICC), this includes 10 Full Members, 37 Associate Members and 59 Affiliate
Members.

Abstract:-
The ladder of standards for cricket getting higher and higher. It is very difficult to
imagine what will happen next and that too at what extent. It is just dreaming something. The way
the game of cricket has become competitive, seems that this game needs super humans, who have
the ability to adjust, adopt, firm determination and who makes own standards to break. To reach
that ever increasing standards, new promising methods for practice is needed to get good
competitive edge over opponents at world level (Murtaza S. T. & et.al. 2014).

In the course of time it has been seen that current and recent times’ cricket is striking in
appearance and the level of competition has multiplied exponentially. In order to compete the
players require systematic practice to be flourished or performed at all levels of cricket
(irrespective of age group). Therefore, exact and accurate training log has become an essential to
have a prosperous and successful planning.

Abstract:- In order to collect information about the current status of performance of players and
its utilization a coach or trainer always look for a handy tool which may preserves the records of
players for further improvement and to make training more systematic and result oriented. For
the sake of it the training log is prerequisite for a coach or trainer. Hence, the authors propose the
training log for wicket-keepers.

More is always good is an aphorism which haunts everybody especially in the field of
games & sports. Long hours practice without aiming at something worthwhile has become the
norm in cricket. Net practice in cricket is a very traditional form of practice. Sessions at nets have
full potential to simulate the match-like situation and offer a very operative long term type of
practice for each players especially batsmen & bowlers to improve their skills, and eventually
their performance. But despite having the potential of resembling the competition-like
situations, nets are handled and used without purpose where batsmen usually pad-up and bat for
10-20 minute without concentrating on specific shots or weak points, and the net session
continues each day in a similar fashion. Planning for net sessions is vital & decisive to thriving
coaching. Authors in this paper strove to create a training methodology using close nets
concentrating on performance and avoiding pitfalls of traditional practice in cricket.

Abstract:-It has been observed that modern day’s cricket has changed dramatically and
becomes more competitive in nature . Players need good & well planned practice to survive;
they require innovative methods to practice for the improvement of their skills in order to
compete proficiently at regional and global plane (Murtaza S.T& et .al, 2014 & Yobu A. 2010)).
Hence precise training log has become imperative for successful planning where each detail of
training must be recorded.

It has been well known fact that now-a-days cricket has been changing and
modifying day by day and it has been becoming more and more competitive. So the young
cricket champs have to need a well-planned schedule practice to train. New innovation method
for practice is request for the betterment and improving cricketing skills to compete with others
at regional and national platforms (Murtaza S.T. & et.al 2014). Therefore proposed training log
would play a big role in the effectiveness of training.

Today’s cricket has become more competitive in nature by amending format and
rules of the game. The changes may put mental pressure on the player to survive in the game and
now the game of cricket demands not only technical but psychological preparation of player. So
to have performance in competition, there is need to design scientific, psychological and
innovative based training methods due to which player can fulfill the demands of today’s
cricket.

Abstract:-It has been observed in competitive sports scenario that certain amount
of proficiency is inevitable for successful participation in games & sports in our
society (AYobu 2010). There have been many motor-skill tests that are constructed
especially in the last few decades for almost all types of physical activities thus
measuring every sort of physical movement.

Bob Woolmer in his tactfully written cricket coaching bible ‘The Art & Science
of Cricket’ opined that the history of cricket is quite fascinating & complex (Bob
Woolmer 2008) whereas Murtaza S. T. & et. al. (2014) speculate that cricket being
played over 400 years has rooted & developed firmly in 106 countries as these countries
have been the registered members of the International Cricket Council (Wikipedia-
2014). Authors of the paper believe that the game of cricket might have originated from
the ancient game of Tipcat (Gilli-Danda). Tipcat is originally one of the ancient sports of
India which has possibly been originated over 2500 years ago (John Arlott-1975 & Steve
Craig-2002).

For the attainment of players’ level of
performance and information about his recent
status a coach or trainer always try to do
something so that he can collect the information
regarding player’ performance and work upon it.
Once the information have been taken, he can set a
systematic training program for his improvement.
So this log helps them to secure those information
and performance improvement.

The main purpose of this study was to analyse the
impact of “Naraashans Diamond Cricket” (S. Tariq Murtaza
et.al. 2014) on the selected cricket specific motor fitness
variables and psychological behavior on the Students of
Cricket Specialization in AMU, Aligarh. The present study was
conducted on a sample of fifteen students N (=15) who had
chosen cricket as specialization in their courses i.e. B.P.Ed &
M.P.Ed in which Boys & Girls participated. The age of the
participants ranging between 18 and 25 years from the
Department of Physical Education, A.M.U., Aligarh. All the
participants were informed about the aim and methodology
of the study and they volunteered to participate in this study.
To see the better effect of “Naraashans Diamond Cricket” the
study was carried out in three phases i.e. Phase I (Pre-test) for
evaluation of student’s past learning that where they are
standing before entering in the Phase II (Application of the
game i.e. 25 matches lasting to 7 days and two matches each
in morning and evening) of the study, and al last to check the
effect of Phase II. Phase III (Post-test) of the study was
conducted to assess, what they learnt by the activity
conducted in the Phase II. By comparing the average values of
Pre-test to Post-test, it was found that the timing of the
running between the wickets was decreased hence speed
increased, the endurance level enhanced significantly, the
anxiety level reduced but the throwing accuracy slightly
decreased because of the shoulder injury faced by players due
to excess repetition of throws. The throwing accuracy could
have also increased by decreasing the repetition of throws.
The t-test was applied to assess the effectiveness of
“Naraashans Diamond Cricket” in relation to Pre & Post tests.
The findings of the present study reveled that there is no
significant difference is found between the Pre & Post test.