2024-09-22
■[経済メモ] 経済変数間の因果関係
1. Interest Rate (IR) - The cost of borrowing money.
- Investment (I) - Expenditure on capital goods by firms.
2. Taxes (T) - Compulsory charges imposed by the government.
- Consumption (C) - Household spending on goods and services.
3. Government Spending (G) - Expenditure by the government on public services.
- Aggregate Demand (AD) - Total demand for goods and services in the economy.
4. Money Supply (M) - Total amount of monetary assets available in an economy.
- Inflation (π) - Rate at which the general price level of goods and services rises.
5. Inflation (π) - General increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
- Purchasing Power (PP) - The value of currency expressed in terms of the amount of goods or services one unit of money can buy.
6. Exchange Rate (ER) - Value of one currency for the purpose of conversion to another.
- Exports (X) - Goods and services sold to other countries.
7. Wages (W) - Payment to labor for its contribution to the production process.
- Production Costs (PC) - Expenses incurred in manufacturing a product or providing a service.
8. Unemployment Rate (U) - Percentage of the labor force that is jobless.
- Consumer Spending (C) - Total money spent by consumers.
9. Interest Rate (IR) - The proportion of a loan charged as interest.
- Consumption (C) - Expenditure by households on consumption goods.
10. Investment (I) - Purchase of goods that are not consumed today but used in the future.
- Capital Stock (K) - Total physical capital available in the economy.
11. Consumer Confidence (CC) - Degree of optimism that consumers feel about the overall state of the economy.
- Consumption (C) - Spending by households on goods and services.
12. Taxes (T) - Mandatory financial charges imposed by a government.
- Disposable Income (Yd) - Income remaining after deduction of taxes.
13. Inflation (π) - Sustained increase in the general price level.
- Real Wages (RW) - Wages adjusted for inflation.
14. Economic Growth (EG) - Increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of goods and services.
- Employment (E) - The condition of having paid work.
15. Oil Prices (OP) - Cost per barrel of crude oil.
- Production Costs (PC) - Costs related to making or acquiring goods and services that directly generate revenue.
16. Government Debt (GD) - Total amount of money owed by the government.
- Interest Rates (IR) - Cost of borrowing capital.
17. Demand (D) - Consumer desire and willingness to pay a price for a specific good or service.
- Price (P) - Amount of money required to purchase something.
18. Supply (S) - Total amount of a specific good or service available to consumers.
- Price (P) - The cost required to gain possession of something.
19. Productivity (Prod) - Efficiency of production measured by output per unit of input.
- Costs (C) - Expenses incurred in the production of goods or services.
20. Savings (S) - Portion of income not spent on consumption.
- Investment (I) - Allocation of resources, usually money, with the expectation of generating income or profit.
21. Population (P) - Total number of people inhabiting a country or region.
- Labor Supply (LS) - Total hours that workers wish to work at a given real wage rate.
22. Tariffs (Tar) - Taxes imposed on imported goods and services.
- Imports (M) - Goods and services purchased from other countries.
23. Exchange Rate (ER) - The price of one country's currency in terms of another's.
- Imports (M) - Foreign goods and services bought by residents of a country.
24. Consumer Price Index (CPI) - Measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services.
- Cost of Living (CL) - Amount of money needed to sustain a certain level of living.
25. Interest Rates (IR) - Percentage charged on a loan or paid on savings.
- Exchange Rate (ER) - Value of a country's currency vs. that of another country.
26. Budget Deficit (BD) - Financial situation where expenditures exceed revenues.
- National Debt (ND) - Total amount of money that a country's government has borrowed.
27. Economic Uncertainty (EU) - Lack of predictability in the economy.
- Investment (I) - Expenditure on capital goods not consumed today.
28. Minimum Wage (MW) - Lowest remuneration employers can legally pay their workers.
- Unemployment (U) - Situation where individuals who can work are unable to find a job.
29. Tax Incentives (TI) - Reductions in tax designed to encourage economic activity.
- Investment (I) - Allocation of capital to gain profitable returns.
30. Subsidies (S) - Financial support extended to an economic sector.
- Production (P) - Total output of goods and services.
31. Trade Restrictions (TR) - Government-imposed limitations on the international exchange of goods.
- Exports (X) - Goods produced domestically and sold abroad.
32. Labor Productivity (LP) - Amount of goods and services produced by one hour of labor.
- Output (O) - Total quantity of goods or services produced.
33. Inflation (π) - Rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising.
- Interest Rates (IR) - Amount charged by lenders to borrowers.
34. Public Spending (PS) - Expenditure by the government sector.
- Inflation (π) - Sustained increase in the general price level.
35. Exchange Rate (ER) - Rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another.
- Foreign Investment (FI) - Investment originating from other countries.
36. Money Supply (M) - Total value of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time.
- Interest Rates (IR) - Amount charged, expressed as a percentage of principal, by a lender to a borrower.
37. Consumer Confidence (CC) - Economic indicator measuring consumer optimism.
- Savings (S) - Money that is not spent or used.
38. Business Taxes (BT) - Taxes imposed on business profits.
- Investment (I) - Expenditure on capital assets.
39. Infrastructure Spending (IS) - Government spending on physical systems.
- Economic Growth (EG) - Increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services.
40. Education Spending (ES) - Expenditure on educational institutions and resources.
- Human Capital (HC) - Economic value of a worker's experience and skills.
41. Technological Advancement (TA) - Innovations improving production processes.
- Productivity (Prod) - Efficiency of production.
42. Inflation Expectations (IE) - Rate at which people expect prices to rise in the future.
- Wage Demands (WD) - Increases in pay requested by employees.
43. Exchange Rate (ER) - Value of a currency compared to others.
- Tourism (T) - Travel for recreation or leisure.
44. Employment (E) - The condition of having paid work.
- Tax Revenue (TR) - Government income from taxation.
45. Regulatory Burden (RB) - Compliance costs of regulations on businesses.
- Business Growth (BG) - Expansion of business activities.
46. Trade Agreements (TA) - Treaties facilitating trade between countries.
- Exports (X) - Goods and services sold to other countries.
47. Consumer Debt (CD) - Debts owed as a result of purchasing goods that are consumable.
- Consumption (C) - Action of using up a resource.
48. Commodity Prices (CP) - Market price for raw materials.
- Inflation (π) - Rate at which the general level of prices rises.
49. Interest Rates (IR) - Cost of borrowing or the gain from lending.
- House Prices (HP) - The market value of residential properties.
50. Unemployment Benefits (UB) - Payments made by the state to unemployed individuals.
51. Policy Rate (PR) - Interest rate set by the central bank. - Inflation (π) - General increase in prices. - Relationship: PR ↑→ π ↓ 52. Government Regulations (GR) - Laws that control the way that businesses can operate. - Innov...
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