- Bangladesh
Yousuf A Sarker
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate Student
- Yousuf does research in Microbiology, Pharmacology and currently works as a RA.edit
Objective: Screening of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat and liver collected from farms and local markets in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 160 samples (breast, thigh muscle and liver) were collected from markets... more
Objective: Screening of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat and liver collected from farms and local markets in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 160 samples (breast, thigh muscle and liver) were collected from markets and farms from different region of Bangladesh. PBS buffer system with trichloracetic acid and diethyl ether based sample extraction was performed. For comparison the standard antibiotics; Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Enrofloxacin (ENR), Oxytetracycline (OTC), Amoxicillin (AMOX) and Doxycycline (DOX) were prepared by dissolving in methanol. Samples were pointed on TLC plates transferred to TLC tank containing acetone-methanol (1:1) as mobile phase. Retention factor (Rf) was calculated after observing the chromatograms on UV light at 256 nm. Same Rf value of standard and sample considered similar compound. Results: Liver sample were mostly positive for antibiotics residue followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. The frequency of antibiotic residues was highest in liver followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. Among the antibiotics CIP ranked top in all types of sample. In breast muscle highest antibiotic was CIP (39%) followed by DOX (26%), AMOX (24%), OTC (23%) and lowest was ENR (21%). In thigh muscle, 42, 29, 28, 27 and 24% sample was positive for CIP, OTC, DOX, AMOX and ENR, respectively. Highest number of liver samples were shown positive result for all screened antibiotics (CIP-52%, OTC-46%, DOX-43%, AMOX-42% and ENR-36%). Conclusion: This study ascertained those antibiotics residues are present in chicken muscle and liver which causes serious health hazards to consumers. So proper steps should be taken to control emergence of antibiotic resistance in human being as well as in the environment.
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Ehrlichia ruminantium Moleculaire detectie en karakterisering van Ehrlichia ruminantium (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de... more
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Ehrlichia ruminantium Moleculaire detectie en karakterisering van Ehrlichia ruminantium (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de ...
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Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) have entered the ecosystem principally through the application of organic fertilizer. However, factors influencing the contributions made by the prescribers and users thereof with respect to VAs in poultry... more
Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) have entered the ecosystem principally through the application of
organic fertilizer. However, factors influencing the contributions made by the prescribers and users
thereof with respect to VAs in poultry manure have not been investigated. The purpose of this
paper, therefore, is to identify factors associated with the VA prescription and usage as well as to
measure the residual concentration along with the ecological risk of common VAs in poultry litter
in Bangladesh. Structured questionnaire surveys were conducted so as to provide an understanding the perspective of prescribers and farmers. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), oxytetracycline (OTC), and doxycycline (DOX) were screened through the use of thin-layer chromatography
(TLC) and quantified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, methods of
risk quotient (RQ) were applied to assess ecotoxicity. Most VAs were prescribed without a confirmatory diagnosis. The residue of CIP was dominant with a high concentration, followed by OTC
but with a low concentration. A high ecological risk was associated with the use of OTC and DOX
whereas the risk associated with the use of CIP and ENR was insignificant to low. The study highlights prescriber and user factors along with the variable ecological risk of VAs in litter.
organic fertilizer. However, factors influencing the contributions made by the prescribers and users
thereof with respect to VAs in poultry manure have not been investigated. The purpose of this
paper, therefore, is to identify factors associated with the VA prescription and usage as well as to
measure the residual concentration along with the ecological risk of common VAs in poultry litter
in Bangladesh. Structured questionnaire surveys were conducted so as to provide an understanding the perspective of prescribers and farmers. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), oxytetracycline (OTC), and doxycycline (DOX) were screened through the use of thin-layer chromatography
(TLC) and quantified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, methods of
risk quotient (RQ) were applied to assess ecotoxicity. Most VAs were prescribed without a confirmatory diagnosis. The residue of CIP was dominant with a high concentration, followed by OTC
but with a low concentration. A high ecological risk was associated with the use of OTC and DOX
whereas the risk associated with the use of CIP and ENR was insignificant to low. The study highlights prescriber and user factors along with the variable ecological risk of VAs in litter.
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Objective: In recent years, lead (Pb) has arisen as a foremost contaminant due to overpopulation, rapid industrialization, and expansion that could contaminate the human food chain. However, the correlation between the environmental... more
Objective: In recent years, lead (Pb) has arisen as a foremost contaminant due to overpopulation,
rapid industrialization, and expansion that could contaminate the human food chain. However,
the correlation between the environmental contamination of Pb and its spatial transfer to the
dairy products is still unmapped. In this paper, we intend to evaluate the concentration of environmental Pb and its spatial distribution in dairy feed and products in Narayangonj, a highly polluted
district of Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: A total of 125 samples of soil, water, forage, and milk were collected from
five upazilas (Narayangonj Sadar, Bondor, Rupgonj, Araihazar, and Sonargoan) of Narayangonj.
The samples were digested by acid digestion, and Pb was detected by flame atomic absorption
spectrophotometer and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. The bioconcentration
factor of the samples was also calculated.
Results: In this study, 25% of the soil, 20% of the water, 5% of the forage, and 2% of the milk
samples contained Pb at a variable level. Among the environmental samples, the highest concentration (26–39 µg/kg) of Pb was detected in the soil, followed by in the water (0.023–0.059 µg/
kg) and forage (0.017–0.035 µg/kg). The contamination (0.041–0.068 µg/kg) in the milk, however,
was lower than the soil but higher than the water and forage. The concentration of Pb in all the
samples was within a safer limit. None of the forage samples was the potential bioaccumulator.
Conclusion: Although no linear correlation was established between the environmental samples,
forage, and milk, the study identifies the potentials of the spatial distribution of Pb from the
environment to the dairy feed and products. Therefore, feasible procedures should be adapted to
cease the residue to the human food chain.
rapid industrialization, and expansion that could contaminate the human food chain. However,
the correlation between the environmental contamination of Pb and its spatial transfer to the
dairy products is still unmapped. In this paper, we intend to evaluate the concentration of environmental Pb and its spatial distribution in dairy feed and products in Narayangonj, a highly polluted
district of Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: A total of 125 samples of soil, water, forage, and milk were collected from
five upazilas (Narayangonj Sadar, Bondor, Rupgonj, Araihazar, and Sonargoan) of Narayangonj.
The samples were digested by acid digestion, and Pb was detected by flame atomic absorption
spectrophotometer and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. The bioconcentration
factor of the samples was also calculated.
Results: In this study, 25% of the soil, 20% of the water, 5% of the forage, and 2% of the milk
samples contained Pb at a variable level. Among the environmental samples, the highest concentration (26–39 µg/kg) of Pb was detected in the soil, followed by in the water (0.023–0.059 µg/
kg) and forage (0.017–0.035 µg/kg). The contamination (0.041–0.068 µg/kg) in the milk, however,
was lower than the soil but higher than the water and forage. The concentration of Pb in all the
samples was within a safer limit. None of the forage samples was the potential bioaccumulator.
Conclusion: Although no linear correlation was established between the environmental samples,
forage, and milk, the study identifies the potentials of the spatial distribution of Pb from the
environment to the dairy feed and products. Therefore, feasible procedures should be adapted to
cease the residue to the human food chain.
Research Interests:
eterinary antibiotics (VAs) have entered the ecosystem principally through the application of organic fertilizer. However, factors influencing the contributions made by the prescribers and users thereof with respect to VAs in poultry... more
eterinary antibiotics (VAs) have entered the ecosystem principally through the application of organic fertilizer. However, factors influencing the contributions made by the prescribers and users thereof with respect to VAs in poultry manure have not been investigated. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to identify factors associated with the VA prescription and usage as well as to measure the residual concentration along with the ecological risk of common VAs in poultry litter in Bangladesh. Structured questionnaire surveys were conducted so as to provide an understanding the perspective of prescribers and farmers. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), oxytetracycline (OTC), and doxycycline (DOX) were screened through the use of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and quantified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, methods of risk quotient (RQ) were applied to assess ecotoxicity. Most VAs were prescribed without a confirmatory diagnosis. The residue of CIP was dominant with a high concentration, followed by OTC but with a low concentration. A high ecological risk was associated with the use of OTC and DOX whereas the risk associated with the use of CIP and ENR was insignificant to low. The study highlights prescriber and user factors along with the variable ecological risk of VAs in litter.
Research Interests:
Objective: Screening of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat and liver collected from farms and local markets in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 160 samples (breast, thigh muscle and liver) were collected from markets... more
Objective: Screening of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat and liver collected from farms and local markets in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 160 samples (breast, thigh muscle and liver) were collected from markets and farms from different region of Bangladesh. PBS buffer system with trichloracetic acid and diethyl ether based sample extraction was performed. For comparison the standard antibiotics; Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Enrofloxacin (ENR), Oxytetracycline (OTC), Amoxicillin (AMOX) and Doxycycline (DOX) were prepared by dissolving in methanol. Samples were pointed on TLC plates transferred to TLC tank containing acetone-methanol (1:1) as mobile phase. Retention factor (Rf) was calculated after observing the chromatograms on UV light at 256 nm. Same Rf value of standard and sample considered similar compound. Results: Liver sample were mostly positive for antibiotics residue followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. The frequency of antibiotic residues was highest in liver followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. Among the antibiotics CIP ranked top in all types of sample. In breast muscle highest antibiotic was CIP (39%) followed by DOX (26%), AMOX (24%), OTC (23%) and lowest was ENR (21%). In thigh muscle, 42, 29, 28, 27 and 24% sample was positive for CIP, OTC, DOX, AMOX and ENR, respectively. Highest number of liver samples were shown positive result for all screened antibiotics (CIP-52%, OTC-46%, DOX-43%, AMOX-42% and ENR-36%). Conclusion: This study ascertained those antibiotics residues are present in chicken muscle and liver which causes serious health hazards to consumers. So proper steps should be taken to control emergence of antibiotic resistance in human being as well as in the environment.
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Background and Aim: Indiscriminate and injudicious use of antibiotics in layer farms is a common practice of Bangladesh for the compensation of Poor management practices and ignorance. Despite this scenario, there is no published... more
Background and Aim: Indiscriminate and injudicious use of antibiotics in layer farms is a common practice of Bangladesh for the compensation of Poor management practices and ignorance. Despite this scenario, there is no published documentation on antibiotic usage pattern and farm management practices in layer farms. This study was undertaken to understand the farmers' perspective in small-scale layer farms regarding antibiotics usage and farm management.
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The study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize bacterial samples from broiler meat collected from 20 different upazilla markets of Jamalpur, Tangail, Netrokona and Kishoreganj districts of Bangladesh. A total of 20 samples... more
The study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize bacterial samples from broiler meat collected from 20 different upazilla markets of Jamalpur, Tangail, Netrokona and Kishoreganj districts of Bangladesh. A total of 20 samples were subjected to bacteriological isolation and identification, and the isolated bacteria were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion method. Among the samples, 75% (n=15) were contaminated with Campylobacter spp., 70% (n=14) were with Salmonella species and 85% (n=17) were contaminated with Escherichia coli. The Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and E. coli were isolated and identified by culturing on Blood agar, Xylose-Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar, and MacConky and eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar respectively. Isolates of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and E. coli were biochemically analyzed. Campylobacter specific 16S rRNA genes were amplified from the isolates. Campylobacter spp. and E. coli isolates were positive to 16S rRNA gene based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Almost all isolates of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and E. coli showed highest susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and gentamicin. However, most isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and erythromycin. Some isolates showed susceptibility to tetracycline, streptomycin and azithromycin. The findings of this study revealed that there is presence of multidrug resistant isolates of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and E. coli in broiler meat. Results of this research project demonstrated the high level of microbial contamination and occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in broiler meat sold in markets of Bangladesh.
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Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) are one of the major cause of food-borne bacterial diarrhoea in human worldwide. This study was conducted for the isolation, identification and antimicrobial resistance... more
Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) are one of the major cause of food-borne bacterial diarrhoea in human worldwide. This study was conducted for the isolation, identification and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Campylobacter spp. from diarrhoeal samples of human collected from Surya Kanta (SK) hospital, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh during the period of August 2016 to October 2017. Using cultural and biochemical techniques, a total number of 150 samples were subjected to Campylobacter isolation and identification. The isolated Campylobacter species (C. jejuni and C. coli) were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Among 40 positive Campylobacter isolates, 23 (57.50%) were C. jejuni and the rest 17 (42.50%) isolates were C. coli. Furthermore, out of 40 Campylobacter like organisms, 22 Campylobacter isolates were found in male patient and 18 Campylobacter isolates were found in female. 13 (16.04%) C. jejuni and 9 (11.11%) C. coli were found in male and 10 (14.49%) C. jejuni and 8 (11.59%) C. coli were found in female. Considering the different age groups, 5 (33.33%), 12 (27.91%), 19 (29.68%) and 4 (14.28%) Campylobacter isolates were found in 1 to 15, 16 to 30, 31 to 50 and above 50 years respectively during the period of August 2016 to October 2017. Majority of the Campylobacter jejuni were resistant to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline and norfloxacin. However, majority of the Campylobacter jejuni were susceptible to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and streptomycin. Furthermore, C. coli were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and susceptible to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. Out of 40 Campylobacter isolates 65.21% C. jejuni and 52.94% Campylobacter coli were detected as multidrug resistant. The findings of the study revealed the presence of multidrug resistant Campylobacter species in human diarrhoeal samples in Mymensingh.
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the status of chromium concentration in broiler feeds with the risk assessment of chromium in broiler meat. Seven broiler farms were selected to collect the feed and meat samples of broiler.... more
The present study was conducted to evaluate the status of chromium concentration in broiler feeds with the risk assessment of chromium in broiler meat. Seven broiler farms were selected to collect the feed and meat samples of broiler. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the chromium concentration in broiler feed and meat samples. The highest concentration of chromium in broiler meat samples was 1.31±0.20 µg/g and in feed samples was 1.71±0.24µg/g. In this study, the mean (± SE) concentration of chromium in feed samples from Gazipur Sadar, Gazipur; Sreepur, Gazipur and Tangail Sadar, Tangail were 1.71(± 0.24) µg/g,1.64(±0.61) µg/g and 1.64(±0.61) µg/g respectively. The mean (± SE) concentration of chromium in meat samples from Gazipur Sadar, Gazipur; Sreepur, Gazipur and Tangail Sadar, Tangail were 1.139 (±0.26) µg/g, 1.31 (±0.20) µg/g and 0.61 (±0.23) µg/g respectively. The concentrations of chromium in broiler edible tissues were much higher than permissible levels determined by FAO and WHO. Precocious steps must be taken to avoid use of such health hazardous concentrations of heavy metals in poultry feeds. Considering these findings, there is a critical need to set legal limits and surveillance system for detection of heavy metals in poultry industry of Bangladesh.
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This study evaluated the effect of ginger on the growth performance, carcass quality of broiler chickens. 20 broiler chickens were randomly selected into two treatment groups identified as T1 and T2 with a positive control and a negative... more
This study evaluated the effect of ginger on the growth performance, carcass quality of broiler chickens. 20 broiler chickens were randomly selected into two treatment groups identified as T1 and T2 with a positive control and a negative control group. Each treatment contained with five birds. Birds on T1 were treated with 1% ginger extract and T2 was treated with 2% ginger extract via drinking water. Significant variations (p<0.05) existed between the control and other treatments in mean final body weight, dressed weight, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. At the end of experiment (35 th day) for 1% ginger extraction treatment the live body weight is 1746gm (p<0.05), dressing weight 1106.4 (p<0.05) and FCR is 1.67(p<0.05). The usage of the test ingredients had a significant effect (p<0.05) on dressing percentage. Supplementation of ginger improves the performance of broilers when added at the rate of 1% of broiler ration and can be a possible alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in the feeding of broiler chicken. 1. Introduction Nowadays, Poultry meat is a good source of animal protein and can contribute immensely in boosting the consumption level of animal protein. The prohibitive increase in the cost of input especially that of feed is among the constraints in commercial broiler production (Madubuike and Ekenyem, 2001). Ensuring more net return and minimizing high expenditure for feed are the main challenges, for which many research strategies have been trying to address through the inclusion of feed supplements and feed additives in the diets of broiler chicken. A major feed additive that has been extensively used is in poultry feed is antibiotics. Antibiotics use in livestock is the use of antibiotics for any purpose in the husbandry of livestock, which include not only the treatment or prophylaxis of infection but also the use of sub-therapeutic doses in animal feed to promote growth and improve feed efficiency in contemporary intensive animal farming (Ogle, 2013). Incidentally, their use in animal feed has shown several side effects such as resistance towards the drug and evidence of resistant strains that become zoonotic (Wegener et al., 1999). Furthermore, the residue of antibiotics could be end up in human food chain if the with drawl period is not maintained. Natural medicinal products originating from herbs and spices have been used as feed additives for farm animals (Guo, 2003). The efficacy and importance of a particular feed ingredient in poultry production is evaluated from its effect on the production performance/traits of the birds. Furthermore, valuable information can be obtained from the study of the haematological parameters. This stems from the fact that the blood serves as an important index of physiological, pathological and nutritional status of an animal.
Research Interests: Ginger and Broiler Diet
The objectives of this study were to assess the bacteriological quality of tap water samples obtained from different markets of different upazillas of Mymensingh, Sherpur & Gazipur district. For achieving the above mentioned objectives,... more
The objectives of this study were to assess the bacteriological quality of tap water samples obtained from different markets of different upazillas of Mymensingh, Sherpur & Gazipur district. For achieving the above mentioned objectives, methods of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and total coliform count (TCC) were applied. Moreover, isolated E. coli from tap water samples were characterized by using biochemical test, molecular method and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. HPC was highest in market tap water collected from Kaligonj and TCC was highest in market tap water of collected from Mymensingh sadar. The geometric mean of HPC of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Sherpur districts water was 8.4x10 5 , 2.5 x10 6 and 6.8 x10 5 C.F.U/100 ml. All isolates of E. coli (n=20) were amplified by using 16S rRNA gene based PCR. In respect to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, most of the E. coli isolates were susceptible to norfloxacin, ampicilin, tetracycline, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, a few E. coli isolates were intermediate resistant to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. However, a few of the E. coli isolates were resistant to erythromycin and amoxycilin. Moreover, out of 20 E. coli isolates 3 (15%) isolates were detected as multidrug resistant. This study indicated the presence of multidrug resistant E. coli isolates in tap water in Mymensingh, Sherpur and Gazipur districts that warrants particular attention.
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The research project was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of buffalo meat samples collected from three upazilas namely Haluaghat, Sreepur and Madhupur of Bangladesh under the districts of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Tangail... more
The research project was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of buffalo meat samples collected from three upazilas namely Haluaghat, Sreepur and Madhupur of Bangladesh under the districts of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Tangail respectively with particular emphasis on the molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance of the isolate Salmonella species. Total viable count (TVC), total staphylococcal count (TStaC) and total salmonella count (TSC) of meat samples were determined and the mean values of TVC, TStaC and TSC for the Haluaghat, Sreepur and Madhupur were log 8.30, log 7.94, log 8.15; log6.21, log 6.40, log 5.43 and log 4.76, log 4.82, log 4.56 CFU/gm respectively which exceeded the ICMSF recommendations values. The variation of TVC and TSC in meats of different buffalo markets was significant at 5% level where the variation of TStaC was significant at 1% level. Nevertheless no significant variation was demonstrated between the interactions of the three upazilas. Among the samples, 46.67% (n=14) were found to be associated with Salmonella spp. The Salmonella spp. were identified by observing black centered colonies on XLD agar, positive to MR test and negative to VP and Indole test. All isolates of Salmonella spp. were positive to 16s rRNA gene based PCR (574bp). All isolates of Salmonella species were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin and gentamicin. All isolates of Salmonella spp. (n=14; 100%) were resistant to amoxicillin and few isolates also resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, azithromycin and cephradine. The findings of this study revealed the presence of multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. in buffalo meat of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Tangail districts of Bangladesh that posseses a serious threat to public health.
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Tick infestation is commonly found in every commercial cattle farm and domestically reared cattle. Farm generally used acaricides to treat tick infestation; however finding new, cheap and alternative source of acaricides is a prime... more
Tick infestation is commonly found in every commercial cattle farm and domestically reared cattle. Farm generally used acaricides to treat tick infestation; however finding new, cheap and alternative source of acaricides is a prime concern. Here, we investigated the in-vitro efficacy of verenda (Ricinus communis) leaves extracts to treat tick infestation. We prepared aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extract of verenda leaves to apply on ticks. A total of 90 ticks (both hard ticks and soft ticks) was collected from cattle in local area of Mymensingh region and divided into 3 treatment groups: A (aqueous), B (ethanol), C (methanol) and D (control). All groups were subdivided into 3 subgroups on the basis of concentration of 1%, 2% and 3% treatments. Ticks were treated with different concentration of extract and observation of tick was performed 12, 24 and 36 hours interval. The whole experiment was repeated thrice. Our data suggests 3% methanolic extract confer highest efficacy against ticks and verenda leaves extract could be used alternatively as acaricides.
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The research work was designed to assess farmers' knowledge, attitude and practices about bovine mastitis. The data were collected by using structured questionnaire through face to face interview techniques among the 65 dairy farmers of... more
The research work was designed to assess farmers' knowledge, attitude and practices about bovine mastitis. The data were collected by using structured questionnaire through face to face interview techniques among the 65 dairy farmers of Dhaka, Mymensingh, and Gazipur. Disproportionate stratified random sampling was used to select the farmers based on study areas. Most of the studied farms are small (75.4%) in the studied area, only a few (10.8%) farms were large in Dhaka. In Gazipur and Mymensingh almost (86.2%) firms were small and rest of (13.8%) was medium. According to farmer's knowledge, major cause of mastitis was microorganisms (46.15%), but 20% farmer reported that it is due to injury and 27.69% farmer don't know the causes of the mastitis. Most of the farmers (87.7%) think that the source of infection is unhygienic floor, but others have no clear conception about it. Before milking only 23.10% farmers' wash the whole udder where 58.5% used single towel. About 76.9% farmers have no knowledge of screening mastitis and only 9.2% of total farmers performed regular mastitis checking. Among the farmers, 55.4% are used antiseptic solution during washing the floor and others wash their floor only by water. Highest number of farmer use Tube well water (44.6%) for daily management of their farms. Most of the farmer takes suggestions from village doctor or pharmaceutical representative (64.62%) for maintaining the diseases condition. This study recommends that identification of factors associated with sub-clinical mastitis will help to take necessary steps to reduce the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis. The most effective way to control sub-clinical mastitis is to take preventive measures such as regular cleaning of the floor, keeping the udder clean, milkman's cleanliness, and dry cow therapy especially in high yielding dairy cows. INTRODUCTION The economy of Bangladesh is based primarily on agriculture; livestock is an essential component of the rural economy and the livelihood of the subsistence farmers. The country has a subtropical monsoon climate and most of the population is living in rural areas. Bangladesh has a suitable environment for the rearing of cattle. Animal production is one and a very important facet of agriculture. In the tropics it is no less important than in developed countries. Dairying is a good source of income to the small and marginal farmers. The feed required for milk production can be met from their limited land resources as most of the animals are ruminants and the majority of their food can be derived from forages, coarse roughages and agricultural byproducts, without incurring much additional cost. Diseases of these dairy cows are also a threat to this sector. Among the diseases mastitis is a significant one and most of the farmers are under the threat of mastitis. (Rahman et al., 2010) Mastitis is the inflammation of the parenchyma of mammary glands regardless of the cause, and it is characterized by a range of physical and chemical changes in the milk and pathological changes in the glandular tissue (Radostits et al., 2007). It is the most prevalent infectious diseases of dairy cows (Andrews et al., 2004). Mastitis is said to be subclinical when there is evidence of inflammation, e.g., a high somatic cell count in the
Research Interests:
Objective: Screening of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat and liver collected from farms and local markets in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 160 samples (breast, thigh muscle and liver) were collected from markets... more
Objective: Screening of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat and liver collected from farms and local markets in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 160 samples (breast, thigh muscle and liver) were collected from markets and farms from different region of Bangladesh. PBS buffer system with trichloracetic acid and diethyl ether based sample extraction was performed. For comparison the standard antibiotics; Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Enrofloxacin (ENR), Oxytetracycline (OTC), Amoxicillin (AMOX) and Doxycycline (DOX) were prepared by dissolving in methanol. Samples were pointed on TLC plates transferred to TLC tank containing acetone-methanol (1:1) as mobile phase. Retention factor (Rf) was calculated after observing the chromatograms on UV light at 256 nm. Same Rf value of standard and sample considered similar compound. Results: Liver sample were mostly positive for antibiotics residue followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. The frequency of antibiotic residues was highest in liver followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. Among the antibiotics CIP ranked top in all types of sample. In breast muscle highest antibiotic was CIP (39%) followed by DOX (26%), AMOX (24%), OTC (23%) and lowest was ENR (21%). In thigh muscle, 42, 29, 28, 27 and 24% sample was positive for CIP, OTC, DOX, AMOX and ENR, respectively. Highest number of liver samples were shown positive result for all screened antibiotics (CIP-52%, OTC-46%, DOX-43%, AMOX-42% and ENR-36%). Conclusion: This study ascertained those antibiotics residues are present in chicken muscle and liver which causes serious health hazards to consumers. So proper steps should be taken to control emergence of antibiotic resistance in human being as well as in the environment.
Research Interests: Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a popular spice in Bangladesh. Its beneficial effect as growth promoter in poultry has not been studied. Broilers were grouped into four: T 1 (1% garlic), T 2 (2% garlic), Pc (ciprofloxacin positive control) and... more
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a popular spice in Bangladesh. Its beneficial effect as growth promoter in poultry has not been studied. Broilers were grouped into four: T 1 (1% garlic), T 2 (2% garlic), Pc (ciprofloxacin positive control) and Nc (negative control). Aqueous extract of garlic (1% and 2%) was administered with drinking water. T 1 group (1%) showed better performance with regard to body weight gain than T 2 (2%), positive and negative control. In T 1 group, significant difference was observed in terms of live body weight gain and dressed weight but no significant differences in feed conversion ratio, offal's weight and in blood parameters. It is suggested that 1% aqueous extraction of garlic improves growth and carcass qualities in Broilers.
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A retrospective epidemiological study was undertaken at the Adamdighi Veterinary Hospital, Bogra from January 2012 to December 2014 to determine the occurrence of cattle diseases. According to the diseases register, a total of 12403 sick... more
A retrospective epidemiological study was undertaken at the Adamdighi Veterinary Hospital, Bogra from January 2012 to December 2014 to determine the occurrence of cattle diseases. According to the diseases register, a total of 12403 sick animals were examined and 7208 cases of cattle diseases were identified. About 44.7% were parasitic, 37.8% general systemic affections, 14.2% infectious, 1.3% reproductive, 1.2% poisoning and 0.8% metabolic diseases. The common diseases were worm infestation (34.2%), pneumonia (8.7%), foot and mouth disease (2.5%), mastitis (1.9%), black quarter (0.6%), haemorrhagic septicaemia (0.5%), simple indigestion (11.9%), diarrhoea (11.7%), fever (7.5%), navel ill (2.6%), bloat (2.0%), calf scour (1.7%), organo-phosphorus poisoning (1.2%), retained placenta (0.8%) and abortion (0.6%). About 2397 cases (33.3%) were in male and 4811 cases (67.7%) in female. Animals aged between 1-3 (A 2) years had highest occurrences (34.3%) of diseases but lowest 17.1% occurrences were in cattle between 8-15 years (A 4) of age. Disease occurrence was higher (37.3%) in summer (March – June) followed by (32.5%) rainy (July – October) and lowest (30.3%) in winter season (November – February). Gastrointestinal diseases (n = 3665) were most common but lower cases of hematopoietic system were identified (n = 107). This study showed the pattern of diseases that might help to identify the risk factors of these maladies in this area.
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A study on pigeon diseases at Khulna sadar and surrounding private farms was done to determine the occurrence of the common pigeon diseases. A total of 502 diseased pigeon were examined. According to age, they were classified into three... more
A study on pigeon diseases at Khulna sadar and surrounding private farms was done to determine the occurrence of the common pigeon diseases. A total of 502 diseased pigeon were examined. According to age, they were classified into three categories squab (1-2 weeks), young (30-90 days) and adult (>90days). Those diseases were identified clinically by postmortem examination and laboratory testing, were carried out in veterinary hospital at Khulna from March 2013 to February 2014. Out of 502, 20.32% were salmonellosis, 18. 92% were pigeon pox, 11.95% were canker. Pigeon pox found high level in June-July. Among other diseases parasitic infestation (31.67%) was more prevalent. Disease varies significantly (P<0.01) with season, where summer (57.37%) is more prevalent. Rate of diseases (salmonellosis and pigeon pox) affection significantly (P<0.01) varies with age. Young are more susceptible with salmonellosis and pigeon pox. This study was done first time at Khulna and right time to take necessary steps saving pigeon farming. INTRODUCTION Poultry industry is the most effective and economical source of animal protein in shortest possible time, but still it is unable to narrow down the animal protein supply and demand gap because of increasing future demands. Although commercial broiler and layer farm fill up present requirement of protein, but people feel monotonous with chicken meat and they desire another safe meat. So many people begin pigeon farming to fulfill public demand and become economically enriched. According to Agricultural Sample Survey in 2013, Bangladesh had a population of 10.8 million pigeons of which 11% were kept on what is termed commercial farms. Such farms were however not identified. In no division did pigeons kept in commercial farm conditions exceed 1% of the poultry population (Dolberg, 2008). In Bangladesh, domestic pigeon has been reared for meat purposes for many years. The domestic pigeon was derived from the rock dove or rock pigeon or common pigeon of which scientific name is Colomba livia. Pigeons fall into three groups i.e. poultry pigeons, carrier and racing pigeons. Their distribution has made them readily accessible subjects for study. They have accustomed to live in close association with human beings and they are readily bred to provide squabs for the table. Besides some foreign pigeon like Porter, King etc. cannot hatch their egg but our indigenous pigeons are able to hatching of those pigeon egg. So it is the good scope for us. In Bangladesh, the pigeon is one of the indigenous species of poultry, reared conventionally by the poor farmers for maintaining their livelihood. In past female household members are engaged with pigeon rearing. But now a day's most people are engaged with pigeon rearing as second occupation even student. Pigeon are rather prolific and there is a lot of demand of squab meat in the market due to its delicacy and taste (Asaduzzaman et al., 2012). Poultry producers are looking forward for some substitute of chicken meat which in the future may come in the form of pigeon and quail meat to contribute towards the increase in gross domestic production (GDP) under the livestock sector (Basit et al., 2006). Pigeon rearing is going through a process of small-scale similar to chicken rearing in the coastal belt of Bangladesh. Pigeon rearing should be explored more as it one of the promising species for future income earning opportunities for many people, offering scope for reducing the unemployment problem in Bangladesh. In recent years at Khulna, like indigenous chicken and ducks, our domestic pigeons have emerged as a small-scale commercial entrepreneurship and have proved to be a sustainable livelihood proposition for rural farmers under traditional system of management. The growth and popularity of squabs are high and increasing. This is good business for the pigeon farmer, but recently pigeon are affected with different types of disease recorded by district veterinary hospital, Khulna. For this interest the study was done to investigate which diseases were commonly affect pigeon and the cause of pigeon death and decrease production.
Research Interests:
A study on pigeon diseases at Khulna sadar and surrounding private farms was done to determine the occurrence of the common pigeon diseases. A total of 502 diseased pigeon were examined. According to age, they were classified into three... more
A study on pigeon diseases at Khulna sadar and surrounding private farms was done to determine the occurrence of the common pigeon diseases. A total of 502 diseased pigeon were examined. According to age, they were classified into three categories squab (1-2 weeks), young (30-90 days) and adult (>90days). Those diseases were identified clinically by postmortem examination and laboratory testing, were carried out in veterinary hospital at Khulna from March 2013 to February 2014. Out of 502, 20.32% were salmonellosis, 18. 92% were pigeon pox, 11.95% were canker. Pigeon pox found high level in June-July. Among other diseases parasitic infestation (31.67%) was more prevalent. Disease varies significantly (P<0.01) with season, where summer (57.37%) is more prevalent. Rate of diseases (salmonellosis and pigeon pox) affection significantly (P<0.01) varies with age. Young are more susceptible with salmonellosis and pigeon pox. This study was done first time at Khulna and right time to take necessary steps saving pigeon farming. INTRODUCTION Poultry industry is the most effective and economical source of animal protein in shortest possible time, but still it is unable to narrow down the animal protein supply and demand gap because of increasing future demands. Although commercial broiler and layer farm fill up present requirement of protein, but people feel monotonous with chicken meat and they desire another safe meat. So many people begin pigeon farming to fulfill public demand and become economically enriched. According to Agricultural Sample Survey in 2013, Bangladesh had a population of 10.8 million pigeons of which 11% were kept on what is termed commercial farms. Such farms were however not identified. In no division did pigeons kept in commercial farm conditions exceed 1% of the poultry population (Dolberg, 2008). In Bangladesh, domestic pigeon has been reared for meat purposes for many years. The domestic pigeon was derived from the rock dove or rock pigeon or common pigeon of which scientific name is Colomba livia. Pigeons fall into three groups i.e. poultry pigeons, carrier and racing pigeons. Their distribution has made them readily accessible subjects for study. They have accustomed to live in close association with human beings and they are readily bred to provide squabs for the table. Besides some foreign pigeon like Porter, King etc. cannot hatch their egg but our indigenous pigeons are able to hatching of those pigeon egg. So it is the good scope for us. In Bangladesh, the pigeon is one of the indigenous species of poultry, reared conventionally by the poor farmers for maintaining their livelihood. In past female household members are engaged with pigeon rearing. But now a day's most people are engaged with pigeon rearing as second occupation even student. Pigeon are rather prolific and there is a lot of demand of squab meat in the market due to its delicacy and taste (Asaduzzaman et al., 2012). Poultry producers are looking forward for some substitute of chicken meat which in the future may come in the form of pigeon and quail meat to contribute towards the increase in gross domestic production (GDP) under the livestock sector (Basit et al., 2006). Pigeon rearing is going through a process of small-scale similar to chicken rearing in the coastal belt of Bangladesh. Pigeon rearing should be explored more as it one of the promising species for future income earning opportunities for many people, offering scope for reducing the unemployment problem in Bangladesh. In recent years at Khulna, like indigenous chicken and ducks, our domestic pigeons have emerged as a small-scale commercial entrepreneurship and have proved to be a sustainable livelihood proposition for rural farmers under traditional system of management. The growth and popularity of squabs are high and increasing. This is good business for the pigeon farmer, but recently pigeon are affected with different types of disease recorded by district veterinary hospital, Khulna. For this interest the study was done to investigate which diseases were commonly affect pigeon and the cause of pigeon death and decrease production.
Research Interests:
A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the occurrence and distribution of diseases based on species, age, sex, system affected, case type, causal agents and season variation at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangladesh... more
A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the occurrence and distribution of diseases based on species, age, sex, system affected, case type, causal agents and season variation at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangladesh Agricultural University from January 2012 to December 2014. According to the case record, a total of 5036 sick animals were examined and 103 types of diseases were identified during this period. The commonly found various diseases were parasitic disease (33.86%), myiasis (5.96%), PPR (5.16%), pneumonia and pneumonitis (4.11%), repeat breeding (2.88%) and rest of the diseases had lower percentage than 2.5%. Out of the 5036, 1759 cases (35%) were male and 3277 cases (65%) were female. Animals aged between 1-3 years had high occurrence (45.23%) followed by 0-1 year (25.11%). Diseases in digestive system were mostly affected (33.79%) and lowest in cardiovascular system (0.65%). Occurrence of diseases was highest (36.81%) in rainy season (June-October) followed by (35.54%) in summer (March-May) and lowest (27.64%) in winter season (November-February). The findings of this study can be used in the formulation of more effective disease management and control strategies including appropriate vaccination program in this area.
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The present study is undertaken to compare the efficacy of alcoholic extracts of Black Peppers (Piper nigrum) and Chutra leaves (Urtica dioica) with a patent drug Esb3 against coccidiosis in chicken. 16 Fayoumi breed chickens were... more
The present study is undertaken to compare the efficacy of alcoholic extracts of Black Peppers (Piper nigrum) and Chutra leaves (Urtica dioica) with a patent drug Esb3 against coccidiosis in chicken. 16 Fayoumi breed chickens were collected from a local farm and divided into four groups; A, B, C and D, each consisting of four chickens, Group A (control), Group B (alcoholic extracts of Black Peppers @ 9ml/kg bd wt.), Group C (alcoholic extracts of Chutra leaves @ 9ml/kg bd wt.) and Group D ( Esb3 @ 1 ml/ liter drinking water). All the treated chickens were kept under close observation for 18 days and data was collected at 3 days interval. In group B, two chickens died within 4-7 days of treatment and in group C one chicken died on 5th day of medication. All the chickens of control group died within 5-7 days of medication. Oocyst was counted for per gram of feces in all groups. Biochemical parameters like SGPT and haematological parameters like Total erythrocyte count (TEC), Haemoglobin count (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined. There were significant decrease in oocyst count in group B and C in compared to control and very few oocysts were present in faeces of 6 days onward of medication. All the chickens were survived in group D and oocyst started to disappear in the faeces from 3rd day onward of medication. Our study suggests Both Black Peppers and Chutra are effective against coccidiosis in chicken and Chutra is more effective than Black peppers.