- GET UMR5563 Geosciences Environment Toulouse, CNRS / IRD/ University of Toulouse - 14 av. E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse FRANCE
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Faculdade de Direito, Department Memberadd
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Abstract Policy makers, judges, citizens all deplore the increasing complexity of law. Codification is traditionally one of the best ways to sustain the dynamic and necessary evolution of laws. In this paper we analyze the French... more
Abstract Policy makers, judges, citizens all deplore the increasing complexity of law. Codification is traditionally one of the best ways to sustain the dynamic and necessary evolution of laws. In this paper we analyze the French environmental code (2000) to ...
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Ocean tides must be considered in many scientific disciplines: astronomy, oceanography, geodesy, geophysics, meteorology, and space technologies. Progress in each of these disciplines leads to the need for greater knowledge and more... more
Ocean tides must be considered in many scientific disciplines: astronomy, oceanography, geodesy, geophysics, meteorology, and space technologies. Progress in each of these disciplines leads to the need for greater knowledge and more precise predictions of the ocean tide contribution. This is particularly true of satellite altimetry. On one side, the present and future satellite altimetry missions provide and will supply new data that will contribute to the improvement of the present ocean tide solutions. On the other side, tidal corrections included in the Geophysical Data Records must be determined with the maximum possible accuracy. The valuable results obtained with satellite altimeter data thus far have not been penalized by the insufficiencies of the present ocean tide predictions included in the geophysical data records (GDR's) because the oceanic processes investigated have shorter wavelengths than the error field of the tidal predictions, so that the residual errors of the tidal corrections are absorbed in the empirical tilt and bias corrections of the satellite orbit. For future applications to large-scale oceanic phenomena, however, it will no longer be possible to ignore these insufficiencies.
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National audienceCet ouvrage, fruit d'une Ecole Interdisciplinaire sur la Recherche en Sciences Sociales pour l'Environnement tenue au printemps 2005 à l'Institut d'Etudes Scientifiques de Cargèse, contribue au dialogue... more
National audienceCet ouvrage, fruit d'une Ecole Interdisciplinaire sur la Recherche en Sciences Sociales pour l'Environnement tenue au printemps 2005 à l'Institut d'Etudes Scientifiques de Cargèse, contribue au dialogue interdisciplinaire entre sciences sociales et sciences naturelles autour des questions d'environnement, ainsi qu'au partage de savoir en matière de concepts, de méthodes d'analyse et de problématiques. Il traduit la réflexion entreprise sur le développement de projets ou d'axes de recherche prioritaires communs à mettre en oeuvre au travers d'opérations pluri ou transdisciplinaires. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, il s'organise autour de questions générales de recherches plutôt qu'autour de thèmes, tels que le changement climatique ou les risques naturels, ou d'objets. Le choix des questions retenues, évaluation environnementale et politiques publiques d'une part et gestion collective des ressources naturelles et des risques d'autre part, répond à un souci de généricité. En effet ces questions se posent pour l'ensemble des problèmes environnementaux abordés dans nos disciplines. De plus elles renvoient à des enjeux de société importants. La société doit pouvoir mobiliser efficacement l'information scientifique disponible pour mener à bien des politiques environnementales à la hauteur des enjeux et elle doit parvenir à se doter des dispositifs collectifs adaptés à la mise en oeuvre de ses ambitions en matière de réduction des atteintes anthropiques à l'environnement
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Included from 1992 in the International Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), themes related to Health are increasingly cited in later COPs (Conferences of the Parties) as well as taken into account into other conventions (CMS, the... more
Included from 1992 in the International Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), themes related to Health are increasingly cited in later COPs (Conferences of the Parties) as well as taken into account into other conventions (CMS, the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species or CITES, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). From a biodiversity perspective, Health thematic encompasses dimensions of human health, animal health (domestic and wild fauna), and ecosystem health. Other ecological or environmental concepts such as biodiversity, ecosystemic approach, and risks assessment favored the emergence of Health issues and their integration into the CBD.
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This study intends to demonstrate the value of using the partial order set theory comparing different but intertwined sets of indicators or indexes. We illustrate this approach by analysing the relative positions (partial order) of a set... more
This study intends to demonstrate the value of using the partial order set theory comparing different but intertwined sets of indicators or indexes. We illustrate this approach by analysing the relative positions (partial order) of a set of countries with consideration for environmental and development indicators. Using data from 2013, the analysis mainly covers the countries with economies having a strong impact on climate change—China, the USA, the European Union (member States), India, Russian Federation, Japan, Brazil, Canada, and Mexico. The concepts of total and partial orders, linear extension or comparability are introduced and used in the analysis. The inclusion of three integrative environmental indicators and two development indicators (human development index and GDP per capita) shows that in 2013 the BRICS were the worst positioned countries. In contrast, several countries in Northern Europe (Denmark, followed by Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK) wer...
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This study provides a synthetic overview of thirty years of research devoted to urban climate change in Africa. Which cities in Africa are being researched on the impacts of climate change affecting them? What are the main social and... more
This study provides a synthetic overview of thirty years of research devoted to urban climate change in Africa. Which cities in Africa are being researched on the impacts of climate change affecting them? What are the main social and urban issues and how are they linked? Is the development of climate services envisaged for these cities? Related to which local issues? Some answers are drawn by text mining the metadata of more than a thousand articles published in the 1991–2021 period and recorded in the Web of Science. The evidences produced are based on the design and exploitation of a taxonomy of keywords forming a set of issues and on their articulation in a network based on their co-occurrences in the articles' metadata. Forty-eight African countries and 134 cities are cited, Cairo, Dar es Salaam, Cape Town, Accra, Lagos, Durban, Nairobi, Addis Ababa, Kampala and Johannesburg being the cities deferring the largest number of studies. The salient urban climate change issues-hea...
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Analisa a consideração dos temas de mudança do clima e biodiversidade, abordagem ecossistêmica, biodiversidade agrícola e biodiversidade marina e costeira na Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica
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The potential of Agent-Based Modeling is now well-established to address natural resource management and policy issues in social-ecological systems where a number of biophysical and anthropic processes interact. The selection of anthropic... more
The potential of Agent-Based Modeling is now well-established to address natural resource management and policy issues in social-ecological systems where a number of biophysical and anthropic processes interact. The selection of anthropic processes to be considered in a model according to the research question is not easy, due to modelers' difficulty to objectify and identify these processes. The paper proposes some criteria to identify anthropic processes, decide which ones to discard or retain and how to implement the latter. It is illustrated by the analysis of the governance sub-model of the MAELIA platform dedicated to the integrated assessment and simulation of water use and water management policy, in a context of land use / land cover and climate changes.
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What is the capacity of an informal network of organizations to produce answers in response to complex tasks requiring the integration of masses of information designed as a high-level cognitive and collective activity? Are some network... more
What is the capacity of an informal network of organizations to produce answers in response to complex tasks requiring the integration of masses of information designed as a high-level cognitive and collective activity? Are some network configurations more favourable than others to accomplish these tasks? We present a method to make these assessments, inspired by the Information Integration Theory issued from the modelling of consciousness. First we evaluate the informational network created by the sharing of information between organizations for the realization of a given task. Then we assess the natural network ability to integrate information, a capacity determined by the partition of its members whose information links are less efficient. We illustrate the method by the analysis of various functional integrations of Southeast Asian organizations, creating a spontaneous network participating in the study and management of interactions between health and environment. Several guide...
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6 pages, octobre 2005Rapport de restitution comité ECCO
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O presente estudo visa caracterizar o comportamento sazonal da vegetação do Cerrado por meio de índices de vegetação (NDVI e EVI) do sensor MODIS. A caracterização da sazonalidade foi realizada em áreas com e sem registro de queimadas.... more
O presente estudo visa caracterizar o comportamento sazonal da vegetação do Cerrado por meio de índices de vegetação (NDVI e EVI) do sensor MODIS. A caracterização da sazonalidade foi realizada em áreas com e sem registro de queimadas. Para construção das séries temporais foi utilizado o produto MOD13Q1. As imagens datam do período de 2000 a 2015, com um período de amostragem a cada 16 dias. As transformações de Fourier de séries temporais mostram que os índices de vegetação do Cerrado são amplamente dominados pelo ciclo anual. O comportamento dos índices de vegetação estabelecida para o período 2000-2015 é fortemente controlado pela precipitação estabelecida em relação ao mesmo período. Em alguns anos, os índices de vegetação mostram uma dinâmica mais propagada durante a estação chuvosa (aumento prematuro e amplitude menor do que a amplitude média de climatologia), ou ao contrário, uma atividade mais tardia e mais ampla. Os diagramas de dispersões entre os índices de vegetação obti...
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Research Interests: Geography, Governance, Complexity, Health, Biodiversity, and 3 moreUrbanization, Wildlife, and Scenarios
In analyzing the ratifications of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) and United Nations-based trade agreements, this study pursues two goals: first, to provide evidence of the limitations of the role played by the United Nations... more
In analyzing the ratifications of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) and United Nations-based trade agreements, this study pursues two goals: first, to provide evidence of the limitations of the role played by the United Nations in promoting sustainable development as a bridge between both regimes, although member states are roughly the same; second, on a methodological side, to contribute to the exploration of the use of hypergraphs to model a dynamic in International Relations, as illustrated by analyzing empirical data easily accessible and available on the web. We use 3550 ratification dates of MEAs (1979–2015) and 834 ratifications of trade agreements (1963–2014) available on the website of the United Nations Treaty Collection. The hypergraph-based analysis of the temporal successions of ratifications highlights informal communities of countries whose contours emerge through this uncoordinated process of ratification. The European countries and more specifically membe...
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Aquest volum conte les Comunicacions presentades al Simposi sobre Tribunals i Mediacio celebrat a Barcelona els dies 18 i 19 de Juny del 2009. Pero, en realitat, aquests treballs son en la seva gran majoria contribucions al Projecte de... more
Aquest volum conte les Comunicacions presentades al Simposi sobre Tribunals i Mediacio celebrat a Barcelona els dies 18 i 19 de Juny del 2009. Pero, en realitat, aquests treballs son en la seva gran majoria contribucions al Projecte de Llibre Blanc de la mediacio a Catalunya. Es per aquesta rao que hem optat per efectuar-ne una edicio no intrusiva, on cada autor aporta el seu gra de sorra lliurement des de la perspectiva que ha triat. El lector trobara sens dubte una gran varietat d’apropaments al tema: hi ha reflexions conceptuals, estudis juridics, experiencies de implantacio ciutadana, reflexions dels equips tecnics de professionals, experiencies de psicolegs, juristes, advocats i magistrats, i, fins i tot, treballs preliminars. Hi ha escrits de recerca d’una gran qualitat; d’altres, en canvi, son una aportacio d’autors mes primerencs.
Research Interests: Humanities and Art
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O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar uma análise crítica da distribuição de responsabilidades entre os atores políticos envolvidos nas ações pertencentes ao Plano Nacional de Gestão de Riscos e Resposta a Desastres Naturais no que... more
O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar uma análise crítica da distribuição de responsabilidades entre os atores políticos envolvidos nas ações pertencentes ao Plano Nacional de Gestão de Riscos e Resposta a Desastres Naturais no que se refere aos desastres hidrológicos no Brasil, a partir dos dispositivos implementados pela Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil, particularmente sobre alguns dispositivos políticos que promovam a gestão intersetorial para prevenção do risco de inundação. Apresentam-se as ações em cada eixo de atuação, os atores políticos envolvidos e as legislações pertinentes para que seja possível melhor compreender as estratégias utilizadas pelo Brasil para o enfrentamento dos desastres relacionados às inundações. Considera-se que a metodologia mais adequada para a redução do risco de desastres naturais associados às inundações é a gestão de risco de desastre, uma vez que por meio dela é possível prevenir ou mitigar os riscos da sociedade atrelados a v...
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Do two conventions of international environmental law necessarily endow the same word with the same meaning? A single counterexample is enough to answer in the negative: this is the case of the term “resource” in the United Nations... more
Do two conventions of international environmental law necessarily endow the same word with the same meaning? A single counterexample is enough to answer in the negative: this is the case of the term “resource” in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Beyond this result, we tackle the questions, raised by the method of analysis implemented, about the semantics of legal texts, a source of interpretative flexibility but also of cognitive amalgamations and confusions of various types. A conceptual graph is associated with each proposition or sentence comprising the term “resource.” Some expressions, especially those of a deontic nature and noun phrases naming a group of interrelated entities or a fact, are encoded in nested graphs. The scope of a term is revealed by the neighbourhood of its uses. Neighbouring expressions, positioned along the paths of conceptual graphs, are ranked owing to their distance from the t...
The success of Integrated Assessment and Modeling of social-ecological systems (SESs) requires a framework allowing members of this process to share, organize and integrate their knowledge about the system under consideration. To meet... more
The success of Integrated Assessment and Modeling of social-ecological systems (SESs) requires a framework allowing members of this process to share, organize and integrate their knowledge about the system under consideration. To meet this need and ease management of successful modeling processes, we present a conceptual framework for integrated agent-based modeling and simulation of SESs in the form of a formal “entity-process meta-model”, along with a distinction between three levels of models—conceptual, concrete and simulation—and characterization of the research question using indicators and scenarios. We then describe how to represent the structural and dynamic dimensions of SESs into conceptual and concrete models and to derive the simulation model from these two types of models. Finally, we discuss how our framework solves some of the challenges of integrated SES modeling: integration and sharing of heterogeneous knowledge, reliability of simulation results, expressiveness issues, and flexibility of the modeling process.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar uma análise crítica da distribuição de responsabilidades entre os atores políticos envolvidos nas ações pertencentes ao Plano Nacional de Gestão de Riscos e Resposta a Desastres Naturais no que... more
O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar uma análise crítica da distribuição de responsabilidades entre os atores políticos envolvidos nas ações pertencentes ao Plano Nacional de Gestão de Riscos e Resposta a Desastres Naturais no que se refere aos desastres hidrológicos no Brasil, a partir dos dispositivos implementados pela Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil, particularmente sobre alguns dispositivos políticos que promovam a gestão intersetorial para prevenção do risco de inundação. Apresentam-se as ações em cada eixo de atuação, os atores políticos envolvidos e as legislações pertinentes para que seja possível melhor compreender as estratégias utilizadas pelo Brasil para o enfrentamento dos desastres relacionados às inundações. Considera-se que a metodologia mais adequada para a redução do risco de desastres naturais associados às inundações é a gestão de risco de desastre, uma vez que por meio dela é possível prevenir ou mitigar os riscos da sociedade atrelados a v...