Raquel Vilaça
Universidade de Coimbra, Archaeology, Faculty Member
- Raquel Vilaça graduated in History (pre-specialisation in Archaeology) (1981) from the Faculty of Letters of the Univ... moreRaquel Vilaça graduated in History (pre-specialisation in Archaeology) (1981) from the Faculty of Letters of the University of Coimbra (FLUC) and was awarded her PhD by the same University (1995) with the thesis Aspectos do Povoamento da Beira Interior (Centro e Sul) nos Finais da Idade do Bronze, Trabalhos de Arqueologia, 9, IPPAR, Lisbon, a work which received the “Gulbenkian Prize for Archaeology” (1997). Her professional career started in 1982 at the University of Coimbra, where she has worked throughout her academic career on an exclusivity basis.
She teaches and supervises works in the Archaeology courses (BA, MA, and PhD), and has been the Director of the Master in Regional Archaeology and the PhD in Archaeology. She is a Member of the Institute of Archaeology, for which she served as Director, having also directed its journal, Conimbriga. She is also a researcher of the CEAACP/FCT – Centre for Studies in Archaeology, Arts and Heritage Sciences and the CEPBA – Centre for Prehistoric Studies of Beira Alta. She has occupied various management positions in her Faculty, among which that of President of the Pedagogic Council, and she is currently an elected member of the Scientific Council of FLUC and the Scientific Council of the Department for History, European Studies, Archaeology and Arts.
She coordinates or has coordinated scientific projects and participates or has participated as a researcher in several others, both national and international. Likewise, she is or has been a scientific consultant for various research and heritage projects. She is responsible for the excavation of more than 30 archaeological sites and countless survey works, leading teams with an active participation of students.
Her research is focused on Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology, and especially on the study of the Bronze and Iron Ages. Her interests also extend to Settlement Archaeology, Mediterranean Archaeology, the Archaeology of the Atlantic World, the Archaeology of Production, the Archaeology of Natural Places, Archaic Technology and Metallurgy, Archaeometry, Death Processes and Materialities, and Ritual, Cultic, and Symbolic Expressions, fields in which she has published books and papers, in Portugal and abroad. She has also presented her work in various scientific meetings, nationals and internationals, as well as in conferences, lectures and open classes in Universities, Academies, Research Centres, Museums, Schools, Town Halls and Cultural Associations.edit
The opportunity to study two stone plaques from megalithic contexts in the region of Viseu/Tondela, one known since 1912, painted, the other unpublished until now, resulted in an added value on the knowledge of this category of... more
The opportunity to study two stone plaques from megalithic contexts in the region of Viseu/Tondela, one known since 1912, painted, the other unpublished until now, resulted in an added value on the knowledge of this category of ideotechnic artifacts. They were characterized at the morpho-typological level and subject of X-ray fluorescence analysis that point to the possibility of using cinnabar as a decorative pigment in one of them. The study also used photographic images of different spectral bands, both in the visible light band and in the IR and UV radiation bands, which made possible to corroborate the use of a red pigment in some areas, as well as another coloring black or blue pigments, in others. The marginal, but not isolated, nature of the occurrence of these plaques in relation to the south of the peninsula is also underlined, where pieces of the same conceptual universe — the “plaque-idols” — can be counted by thousands. The findings of these two plaques, along with a few others of different typologies, raw materials, and contexts (unpublished or in the process of being valued) from between the Douro and the Tagus, demonstrate that the general absence of this type of record for that region is only due to an investigation gap.
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This text examines twin pottery forms dating from the Bronze and Iron Ages found in the current Portuguese territory. The published data is gathered and explored further whilst presenting five unpublished specimens, as well as others... more
This text examines twin pottery forms dating from the Bronze and Iron Ages found in the current Portuguese territory. The published data is gathered and explored further whilst presenting five unpublished specimens, as well as others nearly forgotten until now. This integrative approach allows for a thorough inventory of this pottery universe, accompanied by the elaboration of a typology proposal, although subject to the sample's high level of fragmentation. The analysis of specimens and the valorisation of their contexts (mainly settlements, except a cave of ritual nature) is combined with the scenery of twin vessels in the remaining Iberian space and even beyond it, commenting on some of the interpretative challenges around these peculiar pottery forms, namely in the matter of function and semantics.
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This paper focuses on the study of a group of metal artefacts recently recovered during the archaeological excavations in Vila do Touro (Central Portugal), i.e., 19 artefacts and a small metallic inclusion embedded in a pottery sherd. The... more
This paper focuses on the study of a group of metal artefacts recently recovered during the archaeological excavations in Vila do Touro (Central Portugal), i.e., 19 artefacts and a small metallic inclusion embedded in a pottery sherd. The objects have been analysed by an X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer to characterise the elemental composition of metal artefacts. A Scanning Electron Microscope with X-ray Microanalysis System and an optical microscope were used to observe and chemically characterise the metal inclusion in the pottery. The fragment of an ingot was also analysed by a multicollector Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer to address issues bound to the provenance of raw material. The results revealed different compositional patterns (pure copper, binary bronze, i.e., Cu+Sn, leaded bronzes, i.e., Cu+Sn+Pb, and gold), while pointing out the Ossa Morena region (Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula) as likely source of copper used to produce the ingot.
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Este estudo apresenta uma primeira revisão da metalurgia documentada no sítio da Cachouça (Idanha-a-Nova, Castelo Branco) procedente de trabalhos arqueológicos realizados em 1990. O conjunto analisado é constituído por 21 peças metálicas... more
Este estudo apresenta uma primeira revisão da metalurgia documentada no sítio da Cachouça (Idanha-a-Nova, Castelo Branco) procedente de trabalhos arqueológicos realizados em 1990. O conjunto analisado é constituído por 21 peças metálicas à base de cobre recolhidos em prospeção e provenientes das sondagens I e II. Do ponto de vista tipológico, os metais da Cachouça, apesar de muito fragmentados e incompletos, apresentam algumas especificidades únicas no panorama regional, nomeadamente a ocorrência de um (ou mais) espeto(s) articulado(s) e de uma figurinha zoomorfa avulsa que integraria objeto de tipo desconhecido. Os resultados obtidos confirmam uma metalurgia binária (Cu+Sn), típica do Bronze Final e da primeira Idade do Ferro regional, num quadro de metalurgia de pequena escala que se limitaria a servir, essencialmente, as necessidades das comunidades locais.
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Arruda A.M., Vilaça R., Gomes, F. B. (2022) - Ornamentos de vestuario orientalizantes en Portugal: una panorámica de la situación actual. In R. Graells i Fabrega et al. (Ed.), Problemas de Cultura Material. Ornamentos y elementos del vestuario en el arco litoral mediterráneo-atlántico, pp. 83-118.more
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Vilaça, R. (2021) – Em torno da estela do Telhado (Fundão): um ensaio de arqueologia micro-regional. In Gonçalves, V. S. (ed.), Terra e Sal. Das antigas sociedades camponesas ao fim dos tempos modernos. Estudos Oferecidos a Carlos Tavares da Silva. Lisboa: UNIARQ. Estudos & Memórias 16, p. 325-341.more
Terra e Sal Das antigas sociedades camponesas ao fim dos tempos modernos estudos oferecidos a carlos tavares da silva Victor S. Gonçalves (ed.
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The action of António dos Santos Rocha as protector of megalithic monuments at Figueira da Foz is discussed on the basis of unpublished documents. The matter is relevant since his action was innovative at the time and had long lasting... more
The action of António dos Santos Rocha as
protector of megalithic monuments at Figueira
da Foz is discussed on the basis of unpublished
documents. The matter is relevant since his
action was innovative at the time and had long
lasting consequences.
This text focuses on the recovery of a dolmen
and its reconstitution in a museum space, on the
safeguarding in situ of another one and on the
contributions to the classification of a necropolis.
protector of megalithic monuments at Figueira
da Foz is discussed on the basis of unpublished
documents. The matter is relevant since his
action was innovative at the time and had long
lasting consequences.
This text focuses on the recovery of a dolmen
and its reconstitution in a museum space, on the
safeguarding in situ of another one and on the
contributions to the classification of a necropolis.
This paper presents the first stage of the monographic study of the metallic hoard found in Espite (Ourém), partially published by Estácio da Veiga in 1891. This is a hoard that was insufficiently valued by research, presenting peculiar... more
This paper presents the first stage of the
monographic study of the metallic hoard found
in Espite (Ourém), partially published by
Estácio da Veiga in 1891. This is a hoard that
was insufficiently valued by research, presenting
peculiar characteristics, not only for its composition
(originally formed by 32 artifacts, mostly flat axes, in
copper), but also for its considerable antiquity (Late
Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age). A little after the
find, the set was acquired by Sande e Castro, who
distributed many of the items as it was common at
the time. To this day, we have been able to identify
the whereabouts of 25 of them: four are at the
Museu Municipal Santos Rocha (Figueira da Foz),
which were subjected to an archeometallurgical
study; other 21 are located at the Museu Nacional de
Arqueologia (Lisboa), these being still under study.
Three of the fundamental components of the present
study are: the compilation and systematization of all
the information regarding the hoard and its artifacts;
the characterization of the chemical composition of
the axes located in the first institution; the attempt
to better situate its place of deposition.
monographic study of the metallic hoard found
in Espite (Ourém), partially published by
Estácio da Veiga in 1891. This is a hoard that
was insufficiently valued by research, presenting
peculiar characteristics, not only for its composition
(originally formed by 32 artifacts, mostly flat axes, in
copper), but also for its considerable antiquity (Late
Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age). A little after the
find, the set was acquired by Sande e Castro, who
distributed many of the items as it was common at
the time. To this day, we have been able to identify
the whereabouts of 25 of them: four are at the
Museu Municipal Santos Rocha (Figueira da Foz),
which were subjected to an archeometallurgical
study; other 21 are located at the Museu Nacional de
Arqueologia (Lisboa), these being still under study.
Three of the fundamental components of the present
study are: the compilation and systematization of all
the information regarding the hoard and its artifacts;
the characterization of the chemical composition of
the axes located in the first institution; the attempt
to better situate its place of deposition.
This paper is about a tanged dagger, composed of copper and arsenic, unexpectedly found in 1908 at Loriga (Alhadas de Baixo, Figueira da Foz, Central Portugal). Nowadays, it is part of the archaeological collection of the Museu Municipal... more
This paper is about a tanged dagger, composed
of copper and arsenic, unexpectedly found in
1908 at Loriga (Alhadas de Baixo, Figueira da
Foz, Central Portugal). Nowadays, it is part of the
archaeological collection of the Museu Municipal
Santos Rocha (Figueira da Foz) along with other
materials from the same site. Based on the data
from the original publication and information
provided by local population, it was possible
to identify the approximate area of the finding.
The study of this dagger is carried out by jointly
considering different aspects, such as typology,
chemical composition, and context of finding,
which are appreciated in an articulated manner for
the first time. This comprehensive approach will
provide new insights on the material culture of the
communities that inhabited the Baixo Mondego
region during the second half of the 3rd millennium
BC, also contributing to the reconstruction of the
territory’s occupation patterns.
of copper and arsenic, unexpectedly found in
1908 at Loriga (Alhadas de Baixo, Figueira da
Foz, Central Portugal). Nowadays, it is part of the
archaeological collection of the Museu Municipal
Santos Rocha (Figueira da Foz) along with other
materials from the same site. Based on the data
from the original publication and information
provided by local population, it was possible
to identify the approximate area of the finding.
The study of this dagger is carried out by jointly
considering different aspects, such as typology,
chemical composition, and context of finding,
which are appreciated in an articulated manner for
the first time. This comprehensive approach will
provide new insights on the material culture of the
communities that inhabited the Baixo Mondego
region during the second half of the 3rd millennium
BC, also contributing to the reconstruction of the
territory’s occupation patterns.
Archaeological excavations at Vila do Touro uncovered a Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age occupation at the top of a prominent hill. It consisted of a structure built with perishable materials, supported by postholes, and a small subcircular... more
Archaeological excavations at Vila do Touro uncovered a Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age occupation at the top of a prominent hill. It consisted of a structure built with perishable materials, supported by postholes, and a small subcircular storage facility made of stone. Abundant carbonized plant remains were visible throughout the excavation area during the field work suggesting a fire occurred prior to the abandonment of the place, sometime in the 9th century BC. Archaeobotanical sampling allowed the recovery of abundant wood charcoal as well as charred fruits and seeds. Analyses showed structures were built mostly out of wood from deciduous oak, although pine was also used. Evidence for growth suppression in oak wood suggests direct human management of wood resources, which agrees with other evidences from northern Iberia. Moreover, the storage facility was used to keep cereals, mostly naked wheat and common millet, but also barley. These were stored fully processed and ready for consumption. Faba beans were also recovered, outside the small storage facility. Results are similar to sites in northeast Portugal and the Central Meseta but contrast with hillforts from Atlantic areas where hulled wheats are staple crops, suggesting a West-East trend also reflected in environmental and cultural features. [es] Destruido por el fuego, conservado a lo largo del tiempo: cultivos y madera de una estructura de la Edad del Bronce Final / Primera Edad del Hierro en Vila do Touro (Sabugal, Portugal) Resumen. Las excavaciones arqueológicas en Vila do Touro detectaron una ocupación del Final de la Edad del Bronce/Primera Edad del Hierro en la destacada cumbre del monte. Se trataba de una estructura construida con materiales perecederos, sostenida por postes, y un pequeño espacio de almacenamiento sub-circular, construido en piedra. Durante el trabajo de campo se observaron abundantes restos de plantas carbonizadas en toda el área de excavación, lo que sugiere un incendio ocurrido antes del abandono del lugar, en algún momento del siglo IX a.C. 1
The prehistoric occupation of Cabeço de Caria Talaia, Sabugal (Portugal) Resumo Neste artigo realizou-se uma abordagem à ocupação Pré-histórica do Cabeço de Caria Talaia, no concelho do Sabugal (Portugal). A intervenção arqueológica... more
The prehistoric occupation of Cabeço de Caria Talaia, Sabugal (Portugal) Resumo Neste artigo realizou-se uma abordagem à ocupação Pré-histórica do Cabeço de Caria Talaia, no concelho do Sabugal (Portugal). A intervenção arqueológica desenvolvida em 2008 e 2009 determinou a natureza e a cronologia dessa ocupação, de uma fase avançada entre o Bronze Médio e os inícios do Bronze Final. Apesar do mau estado de conservação das estruturas, os trabalhos permitiram assinalar um local de habitação e, en-tre os materiais recuperados, um significativo conjunto de cerâmicas, mas também elas bastante fragmenta-das, cujas formas e motivos decorativos se inserem na tradição das produções de proto-Cogotas e Cogotas I. Com base nestes conceitos, analisam-se e discutem-se detalhes sobre a sua posição geográfica e a sua rela-ção com o território, procurando compreender o seu enquadramento na Beira Interior, no limite mais ociden-tal da Meseta e, consequentemente, na periferia do complexo mundo de Cogotas I. Abstract This paper presents evidence for the prehistoric occupation of Cabeço de Caria Talaia, Sabugal (Portugal). Despite the poor preservation of the structures and its artefacts, the archaeological intervention conducted in 2008 and 2009 allowed to define its inhabitance at an advanced phase between the Middle Bronze Age and the beginning of the Late Bronze Age. Furthermore, a significant set of ceramics allowed to integrate this site as part of the tradition of proto-Cogotas and Cogotas I productions, located at the westernmost edge of the Meseta and, consequently, on the periphery of the complex world of Cogotas I.
By focusing on the Bronze Age and, particularly, on its final stage, the author makes a journey through the research carried on in Portugal in the last 140 years. Having the thread of time as a guiding ballast, but not limited by its... more
By focusing on the Bronze Age and, particularly, on its final stage, the author makes a journey through the research carried on in Portugal
in the last 140 years. Having the thread of time as a guiding ballast, but not limited by its linearity, the traveled itinerary stops in some
aspects selected by various criteria, which are commented on or discussed. It is not a synthesis about the knowledge of that period, but a
text that summons data through its biographies and plural mobility, aiming at understanding and the way it was built.
Keywords : Bronze Age; Portugal; historiography; concepts and ideas
in the last 140 years. Having the thread of time as a guiding ballast, but not limited by its linearity, the traveled itinerary stops in some
aspects selected by various criteria, which are commented on or discussed. It is not a synthesis about the knowledge of that period, but a
text that summons data through its biographies and plural mobility, aiming at understanding and the way it was built.
Keywords : Bronze Age; Portugal; historiography; concepts and ideas
Santa Olaia has been known for a long time and is a common reference in texts about Mediterranean influences (Phoenician, Punic or Tartessic) on the Atlantic façade of the Iberian Peninsula. Nevertheless, at present, the nature and... more
Santa Olaia has been known for a long time and is a common reference in texts about
Mediterranean influences (Phoenician, Punic or Tartessic) on the Atlantic façade of the Iberian
Peninsula. Nevertheless, at present, the nature and identity of the site are still surrounded by
uncertainty and controversy. It is surprising that this settlement, linked to the Phoenicians, remains
scarcely known, despite having been discovered more than a century ago and extensively excavated.
This paper results from the renewal of research about the site, planned within a broader doctoral
project. In order to reach a comprehensive view about it, this analysis includes the systematization,
re-examination and comparison of archaeological materials and contextual data from different
archaeological interventions (old and new).
Starting with the state of the art, the objectives for this text are to sketch the current stage of
research and to outline the main analytical strategies adopted. This takes into consideration this
settlement’s characteristics and research plans, which are emblematic in the scene of Phoenician-
Punic “trading diaspora” at the western side of the Iberian Peninsula.
Mediterranean influences (Phoenician, Punic or Tartessic) on the Atlantic façade of the Iberian
Peninsula. Nevertheless, at present, the nature and identity of the site are still surrounded by
uncertainty and controversy. It is surprising that this settlement, linked to the Phoenicians, remains
scarcely known, despite having been discovered more than a century ago and extensively excavated.
This paper results from the renewal of research about the site, planned within a broader doctoral
project. In order to reach a comprehensive view about it, this analysis includes the systematization,
re-examination and comparison of archaeological materials and contextual data from different
archaeological interventions (old and new).
Starting with the state of the art, the objectives for this text are to sketch the current stage of
research and to outline the main analytical strategies adopted. This takes into consideration this
settlement’s characteristics and research plans, which are emblematic in the scene of Phoenician-
Punic “trading diaspora” at the western side of the Iberian Peninsula.
This paper presents the results of a study carried out on three previously unpublished Iron Age socketed arrowheads with spur from Monte Figueiró –Central Portugal–, a site located between the Tagus and Mondego rivers. This region is of... more
This paper presents the results of a study carried out on three previously unpublished Iron Age socketed arrowheads with spur from Monte Figueiró –Central Portugal–, a site located between the Tagus and Mondego rivers. This region is of the utmost importance to understanding how Mediterranean influences penetrated along the Iberian Atlantic coast and up to the inland Portuguese territories, through Phoenician traders, since the Early Iron Age –8th century bc–. The socketed arrowheads with spurs, originally produced in the South-eastern end of Europe, namely in the Black Sea area, are virtually unseen in the Portuguese territory, where only another similar item has been found at Castro Marim –South Portugal–, in contrast with Spain, more specifically with the Guadalquivir region, where they are quite frequently found. Therefore, the occurrence of the three socketed arrowheads from Monte Figueiró is a challenging discovery, since Central Portugal is a peripheral area with respect to the Iberian regions that underwent an actual Phoenician colonisation. Based on this assumption, this paper will not focus just on typological and technological issues, but it will go a bit further, also reflecting on what these three artefacts can reveal about the interaction between indigenous inland communities from Central Portugal and Phoenician traders.
We present the study of a schist plaque collected in the Lapa do Fumo corresponding to the reuse of a larger specimen occasionally or intentionally fractured. The different alternatives that justify the reuse of this type of objects are... more
We present the study of a schist plaque collected in the Lapa do Fumo
corresponding to the reuse of a larger specimen occasionally or intentionally
fractured. The different alternatives that justify the reuse of this type of objects
are discussed, which occur in Estremadura and south of the Tagus region, both
in funerary and domestic contexts between the Late Neolithic (last quarter of
the 4th millennium BC) and the Full/Late Chalcolithic (second half of the 3rd
millennium BC).
corresponding to the reuse of a larger specimen occasionally or intentionally
fractured. The different alternatives that justify the reuse of this type of objects
are discussed, which occur in Estremadura and south of the Tagus region, both
in funerary and domestic contexts between the Late Neolithic (last quarter of
the 4th millennium BC) and the Full/Late Chalcolithic (second half of the 3rd
millennium BC).
Mobility is key to human nature, as it is present on all spheres of its action and experience, encompassing multiple scales and forms of expression. Many are the viewpoints and methods to approach its problematics, all necessary and... more
Mobility is key to human nature, as it is present on all spheres
of its action and experience, encompassing multiple scales and forms
of expression. Many are the viewpoints and methods to approach
its problematics, all necessary and complementary in one way or
another. And if the understanding of the dynamics of past human
actions is conditioned by the nature and quality of available data,
its full potential depends on a holistic, interdisciplinary, multiscalar,
diachronic, transverse and comparative framework.
Throughout this text, the nature of which is essentially theoretical
and methodological, we will reflect on some of these aspects which,
in practical terms, verse three main research axis. On one hand, the
study of goods, organic and inorganic, crude, transformed or prepared,
raw materials and objects, everyday or exceptional. On the other, the
analysis of their projection in space, edified or not, but appropriated and
practiced upon, implying movement, communication, and action. Lastly,
the comprehension of landscapes, territories, and places as significant
entities in the social, economic, symbolic and identitary spheres, creating
and recreating themselves in continuum, through human action and
mobility. Some case studies from pre and proto-historic communities will be brought up to substantiate our considerations, illustrating the
diversity and richness this theme encases.
of its action and experience, encompassing multiple scales and forms
of expression. Many are the viewpoints and methods to approach
its problematics, all necessary and complementary in one way or
another. And if the understanding of the dynamics of past human
actions is conditioned by the nature and quality of available data,
its full potential depends on a holistic, interdisciplinary, multiscalar,
diachronic, transverse and comparative framework.
Throughout this text, the nature of which is essentially theoretical
and methodological, we will reflect on some of these aspects which,
in practical terms, verse three main research axis. On one hand, the
study of goods, organic and inorganic, crude, transformed or prepared,
raw materials and objects, everyday or exceptional. On the other, the
analysis of their projection in space, edified or not, but appropriated and
practiced upon, implying movement, communication, and action. Lastly,
the comprehension of landscapes, territories, and places as significant
entities in the social, economic, symbolic and identitary spheres, creating
and recreating themselves in continuum, through human action and
mobility. Some case studies from pre and proto-historic communities will be brought up to substantiate our considerations, illustrating the
diversity and richness this theme encases.
The hoarding of metal objects, mainly of copper alloys, reaches a remarkable quantitative and qualitative expression in Portuguese territory during the Late Bronze Age (circa 1200-800 BC), similarly to what happened in Europe. The... more
The hoarding of metal objects, mainly of copper alloys, reaches a remarkable quantitative
and qualitative expression in Portuguese territory during the Late Bronze Age (circa 1200-800
BC), similarly to what happened in Europe. The interest about Portuguese metal hoards increased
in the last two decades, partly because of that richness and partly due to the scientific community’s
acceptance of anthropological approaches that allowed overcoming the traditional theoretical
opposition between utilitarian and votive deposits. Studying these hoards allows pursuing many
research paths, some with great potential for better understanding the cultural dynamics behind
the deposition of metal objects, deliberately concealed by communities and never retrieved.
This text analyses a very relevant but hitherto undervalued aspect of Late Bronze Age
Portuguese hoards: the deposition of deliberately broken metal objects. In fact, known findings
show that a significant amount of hoards include objects that no longer possess their original
technological and morphological characteristics. Therefore, from an economic and pragmatic
view of ancient metallurgy, they are considered ordinary scrap. The study, however, reveals a
more complex and subtle reality, identifying different depositional models involving broken
pieces that show different handling pattern. This paper explores those handling evidences and
reflects about the social function of fragmentation practices in the Late Bronze Age of the Iberian
West, particularly in Portuguese territory.
and qualitative expression in Portuguese territory during the Late Bronze Age (circa 1200-800
BC), similarly to what happened in Europe. The interest about Portuguese metal hoards increased
in the last two decades, partly because of that richness and partly due to the scientific community’s
acceptance of anthropological approaches that allowed overcoming the traditional theoretical
opposition between utilitarian and votive deposits. Studying these hoards allows pursuing many
research paths, some with great potential for better understanding the cultural dynamics behind
the deposition of metal objects, deliberately concealed by communities and never retrieved.
This text analyses a very relevant but hitherto undervalued aspect of Late Bronze Age
Portuguese hoards: the deposition of deliberately broken metal objects. In fact, known findings
show that a significant amount of hoards include objects that no longer possess their original
technological and morphological characteristics. Therefore, from an economic and pragmatic
view of ancient metallurgy, they are considered ordinary scrap. The study, however, reveals a
more complex and subtle reality, identifying different depositional models involving broken
pieces that show different handling pattern. This paper explores those handling evidences and
reflects about the social function of fragmentation practices in the Late Bronze Age of the Iberian
West, particularly in Portuguese territory.
Nos aos 40 do século XX foram recolhidos, por mero acaso, diversos testemunhos arqueológicos na Gruta do Medronhal datáveis de inícios do I milénio a.C. Entre eles contam-se 37 artefactos metálicos (argolas, anéis, braceletes, etc.) a que... more
Nos aos 40 do século XX foram recolhidos, por mero acaso, diversos testemunhos arqueológicos na Gruta do Medronhal datáveis de inícios do I milénio a.C. Entre eles contam-se 37 artefactos metálicos (argolas, anéis, braceletes, etc.) a que se associam restos humanos e de animais. Serão apresentadas essas evidências, cujo estudo se encontra em preparação, e será valorizada a utilização, certamente funerário-ritual, da gruta. O seu enquadramento em termos regionais e da ocupação do território não será esquecido.
Research Interests:
From a small set of ceramic fragments with Carambolo type painted decoration, identified in 5 settlements of the Beira Interior region, subject to archaeological interventions, the authors make several considerations about the meaning and... more
From a small set of ceramic fragments with Carambolo type painted decoration, identified in 5 settlements of the Beira Interior region, subject to archaeological interventions, the authors make several considerations about the meaning and cultural implications of these materials, uncommon in the region. This is the first substantive study carried out in Portugal on this type of ceramics, in which the technical, morphological, decorative and symbolic aspects are fully discussed. Ceramic pigmentation analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman (µ-Raman) spectroscopy, allows to say that it is composed in its entirety by red ochre. Based on the integration of the data and its articulation with dates of 14Carbono, some unpublished, it is proposed that the chronological framing of these ceramics goes back to the Late Bronze Age, although in certain cases reaches the Early Iron Age. There are still some questions regarding the local or exogenous production of these ceramics and their significance as an expression of contacts between Andalusia and the Centre of Portuguese territory.
A partir de un pequeño conjunto de fragmentos cerámicos con decoración pintada, de tipo Carambolo, identificados en 5 yacimientos de la región de Beira Interior sometidos a excavaciones arqueológicas, los autores plantean varias consideraciones sobre el significado y las implicaciones culturales de esos materiales, poco usuales en la región. Se trata del primerestudio de fondo realizado en Portugal sobre este tipo de cerámicas, en el que se discuten, de forma exhaustiva, sus aspectos técnicos, morfológicos, decorativos y simbólicos. El análisis de la pigmentación de las cerámicas, por fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF), difracción de rayos X (XRD) y espectroscopia microRaman (µ-Raman), permite decir que está compuesta en su totalidad por ocre rojo. Con base en la integración de los datos y su articulación con fechas de 14Carbono, algunas inéditas, se propone que el encuadramiento cronológico de estas cerámicas remonte a los finales de la Edad del Bronce, aunque en determinados casos alcance la Primera Edad del Hierro. Se plantean algunas cuestiones relativas a la potencial producción local, o exógena, de estas cerámicas y su significado como expresión de contactos entre Andalucía y el Centro del territorio portugués.
A partir de un pequeño conjunto de fragmentos cerámicos con decoración pintada, de tipo Carambolo, identificados en 5 yacimientos de la región de Beira Interior sometidos a excavaciones arqueológicas, los autores plantean varias consideraciones sobre el significado y las implicaciones culturales de esos materiales, poco usuales en la región. Se trata del primerestudio de fondo realizado en Portugal sobre este tipo de cerámicas, en el que se discuten, de forma exhaustiva, sus aspectos técnicos, morfológicos, decorativos y simbólicos. El análisis de la pigmentación de las cerámicas, por fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF), difracción de rayos X (XRD) y espectroscopia microRaman (µ-Raman), permite decir que está compuesta en su totalidad por ocre rojo. Con base en la integración de los datos y su articulación con fechas de 14Carbono, algunas inéditas, se propone que el encuadramiento cronológico de estas cerámicas remonte a los finales de la Edad del Bronce, aunque en determinados casos alcance la Primera Edad del Hierro. Se plantean algunas cuestiones relativas a la potencial producción local, o exógena, de estas cerámicas y su significado como expresión de contactos entre Andalucía y el Centro del territorio portugués.
Some of the results obtained from excavations at Cachouça are revealed here. The establishment and spatial organisation of this site are also analysed and the cultural parameters underlying the interpretation of archaeological records... more
Some of the results obtained from excavations at Cachouça are revealed here. The establishment and spatial organisation of this site are also analysed and the cultural parameters underlying the interpretation of archaeological records discussed. Futhermore, in acordante to what the autor has been suggesting and as the site seems to exemplify, it is emphasized the cultural hybridity of pre and proto-historical communities in Beira Interior (Portugal).
Vilaça, R., Almeida, S., Bottaini, C., Marques, J., Montero-Ruiz, I. (2011), Metalurgia do Castro do Cabeço da Argemela (Fundão): formas, conteúdos, produções e contextos, in Martins, C. et al.,. (coord.), Povoamento e Exploração de Recursos Mineiros na Europa Atlântica Ocidental, Braga, p. 427-451.more
With this contribution the results of compositional analysis performed by scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis X-ray (SEMEDS) on a flat axe from the county of Fundão are presented. The analytical data show that the artefact is... more
With this contribution the results of compositional analysis performed by scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis X-ray (SEMEDS)
on a flat axe from the county of Fundão are presented. The analytical data show that the artefact is a binary bronze alloy (Cu+Sn), which include the axe within a metallurgical tradition usually associated to
the Final Bronze Age.
The presentation and the discussion of the results allowed a review of the various findings from the territory of the county of Fundão, thereby enabling to provide a state of art about the ancient metallurgy of this region.
on a flat axe from the county of Fundão are presented. The analytical data show that the artefact is a binary bronze alloy (Cu+Sn), which include the axe within a metallurgical tradition usually associated to
the Final Bronze Age.
The presentation and the discussion of the results allowed a review of the various findings from the territory of the county of Fundão, thereby enabling to provide a state of art about the ancient metallurgy of this region.
It is intended to show some ceramic findings dating from the Bronze Age, whose style and decoration refers them to the world of Cogotas I. In these paper is revealed the importance of these evidences by the quantity and, above all,... more
It is intended to show some ceramic findings dating from the Bronze Age, whose style and decoration refers them to the world of Cogotas I. In these paper is revealed the importance of these evidences by the quantity and, above all, diversity of motifs and decorative techniques, which make Vilar Maior one of the most western settlements linked to that stylistic world. It will also deal with the circumstances of their discovery during archaeological works carried out in the village.
From 1903 to 1910 Tavares Proença published texts of a very diverse nature, ranging from simple and short news, to summaries and excavation reports (in this case still indispensable today). His early disappearance and sudden ending of... more
From 1903 to 1910 Tavares Proença published texts of a very diverse nature, ranging from simple and short news, to summaries and excavation reports (in this case still indispensable today). His early disappearance and sudden ending of archaeological work, however, also resulted in a very interesting set of unpublished information, from texts and sketches to photographs, some of unique documentary value.
In this paper the author evaluates and discusses four unpublished pieces, reflecting about them in conjunction with the results of the latest research. The discussion focuses on the 1st millennium BC, but is
not confined to it, addressing specific materials, excavated sites and unexcavated ones (which, nonetheless, should be excavated). This allows addressing territories and pathways that, altogether, help understanding the social dynamics of a region full of encounters and confrontations.
In this paper the author evaluates and discusses four unpublished pieces, reflecting about them in conjunction with the results of the latest research. The discussion focuses on the 1st millennium BC, but is
not confined to it, addressing specific materials, excavated sites and unexcavated ones (which, nonetheless, should be excavated). This allows addressing territories and pathways that, altogether, help understanding the social dynamics of a region full of encounters and confrontations.
Vilaça, R. (2013), A presença mediterrânea no mundo interior beirão, centro de Portugal (sécs. XI/X-VII/VI A.C.), In: Arruda, A.M. (ed.), Fenícios e Púnicos, por Terra e Mar. I, Actas do VI Congresso Internacional de Estudos Fenícios e Púnicos, vol. 1, Lisboa, Uniarq-Estudos e Memórias, p. 396-411more
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Bronze Age Archaeology, and 18 moreLate Bronze Age archaeology, Glass (Archaeology), Iberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Ceramics (Archaeology), Bronze Age (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Arqueología, Ancient Glass, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Ceramics, Bronze Age, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Arqueologia, Late Bronze Age, Glass Beads, Bronce Atlántico, and Bronce Final Atlántico
Tomando como referência espacial a região da Alta Estremadura, mas não se circunscrevendo a ela no seu limite setentrional, i.e. com incursões no sul da Beira Litoral, analisa-se neste texto o fenómeno das deposições metálicas... more
Tomando como referência espacial a região da Alta Estremadura, mas não se circunscrevendo a ela no seu limite setentrional, i.e. com incursões no sul da Beira Litoral, analisa-se neste texto o fenómeno das deposições metálicas (cobre/bronze e ouro) da Idade do Bronze na óptica da sua articulação com o espaço e, simultaneamente, de criação de lugares com significado. São diversos os testemunhos conhecidos, resultantes maioritariamente de achados antigos, mas parcos os estudos de síntese. Aquele potencial informativo é, pelas condições em que nos chegou (efectuados de forma casuística, com desconhecimento dos respectivos contextos e sem controlo de registo de índole científica), bastante redutor, desde logo na própria identificação. Ainda assim, é possível explorá-lo, seja na caracterização intrínseca das diversas materialidades conhecidas, seja na percepção do potencial metafórico que evocam (pela forma, pela função, pela condição física, pela cor, etc.), seja ainda na sua conecção, física e simbólica, com os sítios, os lugares e os territórios envolventes, numa abordagem que se pretende globalizante, mas que se sabe não poder ser totalitária.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Metallurgy, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Bronze Age Archaeology, and 22 moreLate Bronze Age archaeology, Iberian Prehistory (Archaeology), Bronze Age (Archaeology), Archeologia, Ancient Metallurgy, Bronze Age, Prehistoric Archeology, Edad Del Bronce, Hoards, Hoard finds, Bronze hoards, Archéologie, Metal hoard, Bronze Age metal hoard, Bronze Age metal hoards, Metales Antiguos, Hoarding, Bronze Age Hoards, Bronce Final Penínusla Ibérica, Bronce Atlántico, Archeology, and Bornze Age Metal Hoards
São apresentadas duas fíbulas de bronze provenientes dos trabalhos arqueológicos realizados entre 2014 e 2016 no interior do recinto fortificado medieval no Alto da Pena, em Vila do Touro (Sabugal), que regista níveis de ocupação mais... more
São apresentadas duas fíbulas de bronze provenientes dos trabalhos arqueológicos realizados entre 2014
e 2016 no interior do recinto fortificado medieval no Alto da Pena, em Vila do Touro (Sabugal), que regista
níveis de ocupação mais antigos, recuados ao I milénio a. C. Apesar das peças se encontrarem fragmentadas
e incompletas, as suas características morfológicas permitem atribuir-lhes uma cronologia em torno da I
Idade do Ferro e integrá-las no conjunto de artefactos normalmente conotados com o “mundo orientalizante”,
denunciando, a par de outros achados aqui recolhidos, interessantes e potenciais contactos mantidos entre
esta área do vale superior do rio Côa e essas regiões meridionais da bacia do Guadalquivir.
Two bronze fibulae are presented from the archaeological fieldworks carried out, between 2014 and 2016,
inside the medieval fortified enclosure in Alto da Pena, in Vila do Touro (Sabugal), which reveals older levels of
occupation, back to the 1st millennium BC.
Although the pieces are fragmented and incomplete, their morphological features allow them to be assigned
a chronology around the 1st Iron Age and fit them into the set of artifacts usually associated with the
“orientalizing world”, denouncing, along with other findings collected here, interesting and potential contacts
maintained between this area of the upper valley of the river Côa and those southern regions of the basin of
the Guadalquivir.
e 2016 no interior do recinto fortificado medieval no Alto da Pena, em Vila do Touro (Sabugal), que regista
níveis de ocupação mais antigos, recuados ao I milénio a. C. Apesar das peças se encontrarem fragmentadas
e incompletas, as suas características morfológicas permitem atribuir-lhes uma cronologia em torno da I
Idade do Ferro e integrá-las no conjunto de artefactos normalmente conotados com o “mundo orientalizante”,
denunciando, a par de outros achados aqui recolhidos, interessantes e potenciais contactos mantidos entre
esta área do vale superior do rio Côa e essas regiões meridionais da bacia do Guadalquivir.
Two bronze fibulae are presented from the archaeological fieldworks carried out, between 2014 and 2016,
inside the medieval fortified enclosure in Alto da Pena, in Vila do Touro (Sabugal), which reveals older levels of
occupation, back to the 1st millennium BC.
Although the pieces are fragmented and incomplete, their morphological features allow them to be assigned
a chronology around the 1st Iron Age and fit them into the set of artifacts usually associated with the
“orientalizing world”, denouncing, along with other findings collected here, interesting and potential contacts
maintained between this area of the upper valley of the river Côa and those southern regions of the basin of
the Guadalquivir.
Vilaça, R. (2017), Da Morte e Seus Rituais em Finais da Idade do Bronze no Centro de Portugal: 20 anos de Investigação, In: Actas da Mesa-Redonda. A Pré-história e a Proto-história no Centro de Portugal: avaliação e perspectivas de futuro. Estudos Pré-históricos, Vol. XVIII, Mangualde, pp. 101-133more
A autora desenvolve um conjunto de reflexões sobre práticas e rituais funerários (e para-funerários) das últimas etapas da Idade do Bronze da região centro de Portugal, sublinhando a enorme diversidade de soluções adoptadas pelas... more
A autora desenvolve um conjunto de reflexões sobre práticas e rituais funerários (e para-funerários) das últimas etapas da Idade do Bronze da região centro de Portugal, sublinhando a enorme diversidade de soluções adoptadas pelas comunidades, mesmo que vizinhas ou entre as próprias. Recuperam-se dados antigos, nem sempre valorizados, que se cruzam com outros resultantes de projetos de investigação desenvolvidos durante
os últimos vinte anos. Impera a variabilidade que se traduz na forma de tratamento, acondicionamento, ritualização e memorização dos mortos. No conjunto, os vestígios não são visual e materialmente muito expressivos, permitindo pensar que a celebração da morte privilegiou não tanto os corpos, sua conservação e proteção, antes outras estratégias mais subtis, com múltiplas faces e disfarces, que a tornam, para nós arqueólogos, uma morte “fugidia”.
The author reflects about practices and funerary rites (and nearly-funerary) from the last stages of the Bronze Age in the Centre of Portugal, emphasising the wide diversity of solutions adopted by communities, amongst themselves or in comparison to their neighbours. The text retrieves old data, sometimes forgotten, crossing
it with results from other research projects undertaken during the last twenty years. The dominant variability is expressed by handling, packing, ritualization and recollection of the dead. Overall, the remains are not that expressive, either visually or materially, allowing thinking that the celebration of death did not focus so much on the bodies, their conservation and protection, and rather privileged other more subtle strategies. Therefore, by having many faces and disguises, for us archaeologist, it becomes an “elusive” death.
os últimos vinte anos. Impera a variabilidade que se traduz na forma de tratamento, acondicionamento, ritualização e memorização dos mortos. No conjunto, os vestígios não são visual e materialmente muito expressivos, permitindo pensar que a celebração da morte privilegiou não tanto os corpos, sua conservação e proteção, antes outras estratégias mais subtis, com múltiplas faces e disfarces, que a tornam, para nós arqueólogos, uma morte “fugidia”.
The author reflects about practices and funerary rites (and nearly-funerary) from the last stages of the Bronze Age in the Centre of Portugal, emphasising the wide diversity of solutions adopted by communities, amongst themselves or in comparison to their neighbours. The text retrieves old data, sometimes forgotten, crossing
it with results from other research projects undertaken during the last twenty years. The dominant variability is expressed by handling, packing, ritualization and recollection of the dead. Overall, the remains are not that expressive, either visually or materially, allowing thinking that the celebration of death did not focus so much on the bodies, their conservation and protection, and rather privileged other more subtle strategies. Therefore, by having many faces and disguises, for us archaeologist, it becomes an “elusive” death.
Research Interests:
This text tries to study the basis, the forms and the manifestations of power in the Late Bronze Age at “Beira Interior” from the records of archaeological data available. We support the idea that the reason for its richness and... more
This text tries to study the basis, the forms and the manifestations of power in the Late Bronze Age at “Beira Interior” from the records of archaeological data available.
We support the idea that the reason for its richness and consequently, for power, was based on natural resources of the region (tin, gold and copper) and on its outward feactures (open spaces with “natural corridors”), as well as on its strategic situation within the scope of the western centre of the Iberia Peninsula.
This performance establishes a relation with the strategic distribution of the settlements where the elites of the time lived – always on the hilltops, able to visually the territory – which originated a territorialization process of the landscape.
The elements connected with power are disseminated through the territory, in the case of stone stelae, or among dwellings, in the case of the so called “prestige goods”. The latter may have been used as instruments of public competition during ceremonies and ritual ostentations. The warrior’s simbolism of the stone stelae would have caused a certain constraint on the population. In spite of the pacifism, also being taken into account by us, both situations reveal the existence of a violent society who judge its powers by coercing through ideological manipulation of their material culture.
We support the idea that the reason for its richness and consequently, for power, was based on natural resources of the region (tin, gold and copper) and on its outward feactures (open spaces with “natural corridors”), as well as on its strategic situation within the scope of the western centre of the Iberia Peninsula.
This performance establishes a relation with the strategic distribution of the settlements where the elites of the time lived – always on the hilltops, able to visually the territory – which originated a territorialization process of the landscape.
The elements connected with power are disseminated through the territory, in the case of stone stelae, or among dwellings, in the case of the so called “prestige goods”. The latter may have been used as instruments of public competition during ceremonies and ritual ostentations. The warrior’s simbolism of the stone stelae would have caused a certain constraint on the population. In spite of the pacifism, also being taken into account by us, both situations reveal the existence of a violent society who judge its powers by coercing through ideological manipulation of their material culture.
Abstract In the present study, two metal artefacts from the Late Bronze Age / 1st Iron Age from Southern Portugal have been analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM+EDS). Despite... more
Abstract
In the present study, two metal artefacts from the Late Bronze Age / 1st Iron Age from Southern
Portugal have been analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-ray
microanalysis (SEM+EDS).
Despite typological and functional differences, the two objects have been produced in a binary alloy
(Cu+Sn) with a variable presence of Sn and a quite low impurity pattern (<2.0 wt%). The results allow
to frame the two objects within the well-know metallurgical tradition from Late Bronze Age / 1st Iron
Age from Southern Portugal.
According to an inter-and multidisciplinary approach, the paper has been completed with the realization
of 3D models of the two articles (Annex 1). In the case of objects with a quite complex morphology,
digital techniques allow to create interactive and high-definition 3D images, providing the reader a
better perception of objects.
Key-words
South-West; Late Bronze Age / 1st Iron Age; XRF, SEM+EDS; Virtual Archaeology
In the present study, two metal artefacts from the Late Bronze Age / 1st Iron Age from Southern
Portugal have been analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-ray
microanalysis (SEM+EDS).
Despite typological and functional differences, the two objects have been produced in a binary alloy
(Cu+Sn) with a variable presence of Sn and a quite low impurity pattern (<2.0 wt%). The results allow
to frame the two objects within the well-know metallurgical tradition from Late Bronze Age / 1st Iron
Age from Southern Portugal.
According to an inter-and multidisciplinary approach, the paper has been completed with the realization
of 3D models of the two articles (Annex 1). In the case of objects with a quite complex morphology,
digital techniques allow to create interactive and high-definition 3D images, providing the reader a
better perception of objects.
Key-words
South-West; Late Bronze Age / 1st Iron Age; XRF, SEM+EDS; Virtual Archaeology
A autora apresenta um conjunto de reflexões sobre o quadro do povoamento da região de Beja entre os últimos séculos do II milénio a. C. e os primeiros do milénio seguinte. Este ensaio, onde se esboçam algumas hipóteses interpretativas, só... more
A autora apresenta um conjunto de reflexões sobre o quadro do povoamento da região de Beja entre
os últimos séculos do II milénio a. C. e os primeiros do milénio seguinte. Este ensaio, onde se esboçam
algumas hipóteses interpretativas, só foi possível pela revelação recente de diversos dados resultantes
de projetos de investigação e de intervenções desenvolvidas no âmbito de obras públicas, embora
também valorize outros testemunhos conhecidos de há muito. O povoado do Outeiro do Circo, até
pelo seu cariz de inegável marcador territorial n(d)a planície, tomou-se como ponto de partida e o
discurso foi orientado para a análise dos ritmos de vida e de morte, entre a diversidade e a desigualdade
dos espaços, das materialidades e das práticas sociais.
Palavras-chave
Beja (região); Bronze Final; Vida/morte; Tradição/inovação
Abstract
The author presents several thoughts about the settlement framework in the region of Beja between the
last centuries of the 2nd millennium BC and the first centuries of the next millennium. This paper, where
some interpretive hypotheses are drafted, is only possible as new data emerged from a combination of
research projects and public construction interventions, even though former evidence is also valued.
The archaeological site Outeiro do Circo, due to its undeniable trait as a landmark in the Alentejo
plains, is viewed here as a starting point to assess life and death rhythms, along with the diversity and
dissimilarity of spaces, goods and social practices.
Key-words
Beja (region); Late Bronze Age; Life/death; Tradition/innovation
os últimos séculos do II milénio a. C. e os primeiros do milénio seguinte. Este ensaio, onde se esboçam
algumas hipóteses interpretativas, só foi possível pela revelação recente de diversos dados resultantes
de projetos de investigação e de intervenções desenvolvidas no âmbito de obras públicas, embora
também valorize outros testemunhos conhecidos de há muito. O povoado do Outeiro do Circo, até
pelo seu cariz de inegável marcador territorial n(d)a planície, tomou-se como ponto de partida e o
discurso foi orientado para a análise dos ritmos de vida e de morte, entre a diversidade e a desigualdade
dos espaços, das materialidades e das práticas sociais.
Palavras-chave
Beja (região); Bronze Final; Vida/morte; Tradição/inovação
Abstract
The author presents several thoughts about the settlement framework in the region of Beja between the
last centuries of the 2nd millennium BC and the first centuries of the next millennium. This paper, where
some interpretive hypotheses are drafted, is only possible as new data emerged from a combination of
research projects and public construction interventions, even though former evidence is also valued.
The archaeological site Outeiro do Circo, due to its undeniable trait as a landmark in the Alentejo
plains, is viewed here as a starting point to assess life and death rhythms, along with the diversity and
dissimilarity of spaces, goods and social practices.
Key-words
Beja (region); Late Bronze Age; Life/death; Tradition/innovation
At the beginning of the Late Bronze Age a set of metallic objects (cauldrons, flesh-hooks and, a little later, rotary spits) appeared on the Atlantic façade. They were associated with ritual feasts in which meat consumption seems to have... more
At the beginning of the Late Bronze Age a set of metallic objects (cauldrons, flesh-hooks and, a little later, rotary spits) appeared on the Atlantic façade. They were associated with ritual feasts in which meat consumption seems to have played an important part.
Large numbers of these objects are found in the territory of present-day Portugal and Galicia and we use these as a common thread in our paper to study the Late Bronze Age feasting rituals of that area. We review the available evidence and consider its spread, characteristics and contexts, as well as its social role within the framework of the Late Bronze Age communities.
Large numbers of these objects are found in the territory of present-day Portugal and Galicia and we use these as a common thread in our paper to study the Late Bronze Age feasting rituals of that area. We review the available evidence and consider its spread, characteristics and contexts, as well as its social role within the framework of the Late Bronze Age communities.
No seguimento de anteriores trabalhos sobre o povoamento proto-histórico na região do vale superior do rio Côa (Sabugal, Guarda, Portugal) e de recentes intervenções arqueológicas conduzidas em alguns destes povoados que vieram... more
No seguimento de anteriores trabalhos sobre o povoamento proto-histórico na região do vale superior do rio Côa (Sabugal, Guarda, Portugal) e de recentes intervenções arqueológicas conduzidas em alguns destes povoados que vieram acrescentar novos dados a essas reflexões, pretendemos efectuar agora uma abordagem mais específica às estruturas defensivas destes núcleos de povoamento com recurso aos sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG) e às técnicas de reconstituição em três dimensões (3D).
Com as análises espaciais e as reconstituições arquitectónicas produzidas através destas ferramentas informáticas, pretendeu-se analisar as soluções defensivas adoptadas, do ponto de vista funcional e simbólico, tendo em consideração as características orográficas, a intervisibilidade entre estes povoados e a sua relação com as vias de comunicação naturais e áreas de exploração mineira, e também discutir problemáticas relativas à distribuição destes povoados pelo território e suas eventuais hierarquias e áreas de influência.
SUMMARY
Following previous work on the proto-historic settlement in the upper valley region of the Côa River (Sabugal, Guarda, Portugal) and recent archaeological excavations conducted in some of these settlements, which have added new data to those considerations, we pretend to make now a more specifi c approach to the defensive structures of these population centers using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the 3D reconstruction techniques.
With the spatial analysis and architectural reconstructions produced by these digital tools, we intended to analyze the defensive solutions adopted, by a functional and symbolic point of view, taking into account the orographic characteristics, the intervisibility between these
settlements and their relation with the natural paths and mining areas, and discuss also the concerns about the distribution of these settlements through the territory and their possible hierarchies and areas of exploration.
Com as análises espaciais e as reconstituições arquitectónicas produzidas através destas ferramentas informáticas, pretendeu-se analisar as soluções defensivas adoptadas, do ponto de vista funcional e simbólico, tendo em consideração as características orográficas, a intervisibilidade entre estes povoados e a sua relação com as vias de comunicação naturais e áreas de exploração mineira, e também discutir problemáticas relativas à distribuição destes povoados pelo território e suas eventuais hierarquias e áreas de influência.
SUMMARY
Following previous work on the proto-historic settlement in the upper valley region of the Côa River (Sabugal, Guarda, Portugal) and recent archaeological excavations conducted in some of these settlements, which have added new data to those considerations, we pretend to make now a more specifi c approach to the defensive structures of these population centers using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the 3D reconstruction techniques.
With the spatial analysis and architectural reconstructions produced by these digital tools, we intended to analyze the defensive solutions adopted, by a functional and symbolic point of view, taking into account the orographic characteristics, the intervisibility between these
settlements and their relation with the natural paths and mining areas, and discuss also the concerns about the distribution of these settlements through the territory and their possible hierarchies and areas of exploration.
Apresenta-se um conjunto de materiais pré-romanos (maioritariamente cerâmicos) recolhidos durante os mais recentes trabalhos arqueológicos realizados no espaço outrora ocupado pelo forum de Aeminium, actual Museu Nacional de Machado de... more
Apresenta-se um conjunto de materiais pré-romanos (maioritariamente cerâmicos) recolhidos durante os mais recentes trabalhos arqueológicos realizados no espaço outrora ocupado pelo forum de Aeminium, actual Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro. Apesar de integralmente provenientes de contextos secundários, constituem testemunho raro das primeiras ocupações humanas atestadas em Coimbra. Deste modo, com o seu estudo, pretende-se complementar o actual estádio de conhecimento e lançar novas pistas acerca das ocupações pré-romanas da cidade e da região.
This paper concerns an assemblage of Pre-Roman materials (mostly pottery) recovered during the latest archaeological excavations at the former Roman forum of Aeminium (presently the Machado de Castro National Museum, MNMC, in Coimbra). Despite proceeding from secondary deposits, these finds provide a rare testimony of the earlier human occupations known in Coimbra. Its study aims to develop the actual state of knowledge about Pre-Roman occupations in the city and surrounding region while raising new perspectives on the subject.
This paper concerns an assemblage of Pre-Roman materials (mostly pottery) recovered during the latest archaeological excavations at the former Roman forum of Aeminium (presently the Machado de Castro National Museum, MNMC, in Coimbra). Despite proceeding from secondary deposits, these finds provide a rare testimony of the earlier human occupations known in Coimbra. Its study aims to develop the actual state of knowledge about Pre-Roman occupations in the city and surrounding region while raising new perspectives on the subject.
Research Interests:
In this book the reader will find a valuable contribute to the history of the municipality of Penela from prehistory to 20 th century. Raquel Vilaça collects, with a critical perspective, the information available about the pre and... more
In this book the reader will find a valuable contribute to the history of the municipality of Penela from prehistory to 20 th century. Raquel Vilaça collects, with a critical perspective, the information available about the pre and proto-historic archaeological evidences that are known in the minicipality of Penela area. Jorge de Alarcão analyses the study published by Salvador Dias Arnaut on Ladeia e Ladera: subsídios para o estudo do feito de Ourique reinterpreting some conclusions. The main interest of this paper, concerning an area south of Coimbra, between the present-day towns of Condeixa, Penela e Ansião in the period of Christian Reconquest, rests on the maps, more detailed than those which could be presented in 1939. Maria Helena da Cruz Coelho studies, in detail, the charter granted by King Manuel to Penela on 1 June 1514, making a comparison with that accorded by D. Afonso Henriques in 1137, as well as to the property cadastre prepared by Prince Pedro in 1420. Cristóvão Mata reconstruct the municipal administrative structure in Penela between the decades of 1640 and 1750, period in which this town was under the jurisdictional power of the Dukes of Aveiro manor. Ana Isabel Ribeiro explains the upward mobility path and building of a nobility identity by the Garrido family that for centuries took a major economic relevance and power in Penela region. In order to understand this process the author analyzes career and matrimonial choices and reconstruct the alliances made by the family between the 17th and the 19th centuries Guilhermina Mota studies social and economic life of the town of Penela in the middle of the 19th century. The research covers agricultural, industrial and tertiary activities, and approaches a social characterization of the population, the human settlement, family structures and life cycles. In a book that is dedicated to Salvador Dias Arnaut, Leontina Ventura presents some aspects of his academic and historiographical career, highlighting, in a particular way, their recherche concerning Local and Regional History.
KeyWords
Portugal; Penela; 1st millenium BC; Midle Age; Early
Modern Age; Modern Age; Penela archaeology; Economic and Social,
Institutional and Political History; Local and Regional History; Social
Historyspearheads; archaic gold artefacts; Ladeia (Portugal); Christian
Reconquest in present-day Portugal; Ladeia; Manueline charter; Casa de
Aveiro; manor jurisdictions; local officialdom; Garrido, nobility identity
social and economic life; marriage; mortality; family; Salvador Dias Arnaut.
KeyWords
Portugal; Penela; 1st millenium BC; Midle Age; Early
Modern Age; Modern Age; Penela archaeology; Economic and Social,
Institutional and Political History; Local and Regional History; Social
Historyspearheads; archaic gold artefacts; Ladeia (Portugal); Christian
Reconquest in present-day Portugal; Ladeia; Manueline charter; Casa de
Aveiro; manor jurisdictions; local officialdom; Garrido, nobility identity
social and economic life; marriage; mortality; family; Salvador Dias Arnaut.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Estudam-se sete machados metálicos, seis deles de bronze, recolhidos desde o século XIX no aro de Chaves e um de Sapiãos, concelho de Boticas, provavelmente de cobre. O de Sapiãos é um machado plano, cuja tipologia remete para o III... more
Estudam-se sete machados metálicos, seis deles de bronze, recolhidos desde o século XIX no aro de Chaves e um de Sapiãos, concelho de Boticas, provavelmente de cobre. O de Sapiãos é um machado plano, cuja tipologia remete para o III milénio/inícios do II milénio a.C., embora se deva registrar a ocorrência de exemplares idênticos aos calcolíticos em contextos tardios, do Bronze Final, como é o caso do chamado "tesouro de Baleizão" (Beja). Os exemplares recolhidos no aro de Chaves, embora sem localização precisa, evidenciam a importância da actividade mineira e metalúrgica na região, no decurso da Idade do Bronze, na sequência da registada já no Calcolítico, reforçando assim a conclusão já indicada pelos exemplares conhecidos. O conjunto agora dado a conhecer é constituído pelos seguintes exemplares: três machados do tipo vulgarmente designado Bujões/Barcelos; raro exemplar do tipo Reguengo Grande, pertencente a variante para a qual Luís Monteagudo refere apenas uma ocorrência, no castro de Vilaboa (Pontevedra); dois exemplares de talão e argolas, conservando os cones de fundição e produzidos a partir do mesmo molde, configurando uma origem comum, tal como a dos dois exemplares anteriormente referidos. Embora não se saiba a localização precisa de quase nenhum destes machados, com excepção dos dois exemplares recolhidos junto à capela de Santa Marta, perto da povoação de Lama de Arcos (concelho de Chaves), pode concluir-se que os dois machados de talão e argolas agora dados a conhecer integrariam um depósito, juntando-se assim aos depósitos de Vilela Seca e de Outeiro Seco, já conhecidos desde a década de 1940 pelos trabalhos de J. S. P. de Villas-Bôas, os quais integravam, também, cada um, dois machados de talão e argolas. Idêntica conclusão pode aplicar-se a dois dos machados de tipo Bujões/Barcelos dados como provenientes de S. Lourenço, pelas semelhanças morfológicas que entre si evidenciam, situação que também se encontra registada na bibliografia, e de que é paradigma o depósito de Agro Velho (Montalegre), constituído por cinco exemplares do referido tipo.
Research Interests:
Encontrada nas prospecções arqueológicas de m. Conceição Lopes, a peça de Bronze, datada do Bronze Final, reporta às ligações do sul de Portugal ao mediterrâneo.