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Nazmul Ahasan
  • Bangladesh

Nazmul Ahasan

As a coastal country, puffer fish (tetrodotoxin) poisoning is quite common in Bangladesh, which sporadically involved many of the rive rain districts and so far brought considerable number of death. Puffer fish is also known as fugu (in... more
As a coastal country, puffer fish (tetrodotoxin) poisoning is quite common in Bangladesh, which sporadically involved many of the rive rain districts and so far brought considerable number of death. Puffer fish is also known as fugu (in Japan), toadfish, globefish, blowfish, balloonfish, etc. around the world. There are nearly 100 different species and 38 of them are found in Japan. Tetrodotoxin (TTX), a potent neurotoxin, was first isolated and named in 1909 in Japan. The fish belongs to the order Tetraodontidae which also includes ocean sunfish and porcupine fish. TTX is also found in the venom on the blue-ringed octopus available around Australia. So far there were eight outbreaks of TTX poisoning that happened in Bangladesh from 1988 to 2008 involving 247 people as victims with a death toll of 46 (18.6 %). Twenty (20) species of puffer fish are available in Bangladesh, of which two are freshwater puffer (Tetraodon patoca and Tetraodon cutcutia) and the rest are marine puffer (mainly Takifugu oblongus). Tetraodon patoca is commonly found in the southern part and Tetraodon cutcutia in the northwest, northeast, and northern part of the country. Out of the eight outbreaks, two were caused by freshwater species, five by marine species, and one by unidentified species. Most common clinical features of TTX poisoning include perioral numbness; tongue, face, and extremity paresthesia; salivation; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; abdominal pain; vertigo; dizziness; etc. Unfortunately there is no specific antidote for TTX poisoning, and respiratory muscle paralysis is the main cause of death. Building awareness is the main way of preventing this type of poisoning.
In 2000 a study was designed to evaluate the epidemiological factors of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in admitted children in Khulna Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh. During the period of 6 months total patients in dengue ward were... more
In 2000 a study was designed to evaluate the epidemiological factors of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in admitted children in Khulna Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh. During the period of 6 months total patients in dengue ward were 412 and children below 15 years were 125. DHF cases were 115 in number while total deaths during this period was 18 out of which 8 belonged to children group. It is noted that majority of the affected children belonged to the age group 10-14 years and the mean age was 9.2 years. The epidemic is found to affect the highest number of patients during post-monsoon period. The biting of the mosquito is marked by two distinct peak periods--morning and mid- afternoon. It is also noted that students are the most vulnerable group and primary school children were the majority.
Surgeons is a peer reviewed Journal. It is published four times
On 24 July 2005, six members of a single family were admitted to the Medicine and Pediatrics Department of Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh, with a history of ingestion of puffer fish. All patients developed toxic... more
On 24 July 2005, six members of a single family were admitted to the Medicine and Pediatrics Department of Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh, with a history of ingestion of puffer fish. All patients developed toxic manifestations. The cases were clinically analysed with successful outcomes.
This retrospective study was carried out in the Medicine Department of Khulna Medical College, the biggest tertiary hospital in the southern part of Bangladesh to observe the trends of poisoning in southern part of Bangladesh over four... more
This retrospective study was carried out in the Medicine Department of Khulna Medical College, the biggest tertiary hospital in the southern part of Bangladesh to observe the trends of poisoning in southern part of Bangladesh over four years including age and sex variation, mode of poisoning, type of poison used and outcome of poisoning. The hospital medical records of all patients, aged 10 years and above with history of acute poisoning from January, 2003 to December, 2006 were enrolled. Patients were categorized into four age group including Group (Gr.) I, Gr. II, Gr. III & Gr. IV having age range of 10-20, 21-30, 31-40 & >40 respectively. Underlying causes of poisoning were also observed totally and individually in different mode with male, female ratio and the percentage. Death cases according to mode of poisoning with demographic alignment were also observed. Statistical analysis were done using epi-info version 3.5.1 and measures were presented as proportion and percentage....
CASE REPORT A 22-year-old housewife presented with low grade fever pain and swelling of the left side of the face of 5 days: duration. She had been treated successfully with a course of steroids for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura... more
CASE REPORT A 22-year-old housewife presented with low grade fever pain and swelling of the left side of the face of 5 days: duration. She had been treated successfully with a course of steroids for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) I V2 years before. Since then she has been taking oral steroid indiscriminately for menorrhagia and occasional gum bleeding, for fear of relapse of ITP without any physician's advice. She had no recent episode of excessive bleeding. On examination, there was swelling and reddening of the skin of the left cheek. A large ulcer with sharp margin and greyishwhiteslough was seenat the hard palate just to the left of the midline. The total leucocyte count was 26000/mm3 (91lifo neutrophils, 9% lymphocytes). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 85 mm in the first hour and a platelet count of 168000/mm3• Bleeding and clotting times were normal. The blood glucose 2 h after 75 g of oral glucose was 344 mg/dl (19 rnmol/l), Serological tests for syphilis were negative. Acid-fast bacilli could not be isolated from the ulcer. X-ray of the paranasal sinuses showed haziness at the left maxillary sinus. Treatment with doxycycline and insulin was started. Facial cellulitis diminished but the size of the ulcer increased, and on the third day the patient developed loss of vision with immobility of the left eye ball. There was left-sided complete ptosis, proptosis and ecchymosis of the lids, with 3rd, 4th and 6th nerve palsies and sensory loss in the distribution of the ophthalmic division of the 5th cranial nerve, all of the left side. There was pallor of the left optic fundus consistent with central retinal artery occlusion. Examination of the nasal mucosa showed red, necrotic turbinates. The next day, she developed an upper motor neurone type paresis of the right upper limb. Parenteral cloxacillin and gentamicin we~e given, without clinical benefit. The cerebrospinal fluid was normal. Radioisotope scanning of the brain showed a linear area of increased concentration of isotope along the rolandic branch of the left middle cerebral artery suggesting an intracranial vascular lesion. A wet preparation of the necrotic slough from the palatal ulcer 41
Puffer fish is available in Bangladesh and is occasionally eaten by some people. Ignorance regarding its proper cooking process may lead to serious health hazards, including fatality. An unusual catastrophic event happened recently in... more
Puffer fish is available in Bangladesh and is occasionally eaten by some people. Ignorance regarding its proper cooking process may lead to serious health hazards, including fatality. An unusual catastrophic event happened recently in Khulna, Bangladesh that drew nationwide attention. Eight families were affected. Thirty-seven patients were admitted with a history of consumption of puffer fish. Peri-oral paraesthesia (24), weakness of both lower limbs (22), paraesthesia all over the body (18), headache (15), difficulty in respiration (14), nausea and vomiting (8), blurring of vision (7), and vertigo (6) were common clinical presentations. Twenty-two patients developed ascending paralysis of limbs and involved the respiratory muscles in 17 patients. Eight patients died due to respiratory failure while the rest improved. Health personnel should have sufficient knowledge regarding the clinical manifestations, complications and management of puffer fish poisoning. During its preparation...
Patients and methods Thirty-seven patients from eight families were admitted to Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh with history of consumption of puffer fish. The puffer fish were bought from a nearby village market and... more
Patients and methods Thirty-seven patients from eight families were admitted to Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh with history of consumption of puffer fish. The puffer fish were bought from a nearby village market and the eight families had no past experience ...
Drug development, manufacturing and marketing have become one of the most important sectors throughout the world for various reasons. Realizing its importance, the World Health Organization (WHO) has stressed the need of a formulated drug... more
Drug development, manufacturing and marketing have become one of the most important sectors throughout the world for various reasons. Realizing its importance, the World Health Organization (WHO) has stressed the need of a formulated drug policy in every country of the world. Bangladesh responded very early to this. Experiences over the decades have shown that the said policy could not fulfill in toto the declared objectives. Our aim is to describe some of the lacunae for which total implementation of drug policy is still struggling. For this purpose, we meticulously analysed our Drugs Control Ordinance 1982 (with an amendment brought in 1994) and upcoming National Drug Policy. We mainly focussed on three factors pointed out by WHO, which are crucial of a drug policy, which include price limitation, quality and rational use. We found great variations in price which need to be controlled. Regarding quality, safety and efficacy, we have to be more cautious. Rational use of drugs is al...
Poisoning after eating puffer fish containing highly lethal tetrodotoxin (TTX) is widespread in Asia. In 2008, naïve inland populations in Bangladesh were exposed to cheap puffer fish sold on markets. In three outbreaks, 141 patients with... more
Poisoning after eating puffer fish containing highly lethal tetrodotoxin (TTX) is widespread in Asia. In 2008, naïve inland populations in Bangladesh were exposed to cheap puffer fish sold on markets. In three outbreaks, 141 patients with history of puffer fish consumption were hospitalized. Symptoms of poisoning included perioral paraesthesia, tingling over the entire body, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain and muscular paralysis of the limbs. Seventeen patients (12%) died from rapidly developing respiratory arrest. Blood and urine samples from 38 patients were analyzed using a TTX-specific enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Medium to high TTX levels were detected (1.7-13.7 ng/ml) in the blood of 27 patients. TTX was below detection level (< 1.6 ng/ml) in 11 blood samples but the toxin was detected in urine. Ten patients had blood levels above 9 ng/ml and developed paralysis; seven of these died. The remaining patients recovered with supportive treatment. High concentrations of TTX and its analogues 4-epiTTX and 4,9-anhydroTTX were also found in cooked puffer fish by post-column liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. To prevent future instances of puffer fish poisoning of this magnitude, measures should be implemented to increase awareness, to control markets and to establish toxicological testing. To improve the management of this and other poisoning in Bangladesh, facilities for life-saving assisted ventilation and related training of healthcare personnel are urgently needed at all levels of the health system.
Twenty-seven out of five hundred and fifty three patients hospitalized for visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) died during treatment with sodium antimony gluconate. Data from these patients were evaluated to find out the cause of death.... more
Twenty-seven out of five hundred and fifty three patients hospitalized for visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) died during treatment with sodium antimony gluconate. Data from these patients were evaluated to find out the cause of death. Eight patients had associated diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis (3), severe malnutrition (1), acute gastroenteritis (1), spleenic infarction (1), acute renal failure (1) and atrial septal defect (1) which could be attributed to death. Twelve patients developed spontaneous haemorrhages from nose, gums and gastrointestinal tract and died, despite of adequate supportive measures. Seven other patients who were improving slowly with antimony therapy died unexpectedly. Though, cause of death could be explained in some patients with associated disease conditions, it could not be explained in others as significant clinical manifestations, haematological, biochemical and electrocardiographic alterations were not evident prior to death. Our impression is ...
DOI:10.3329/jbcps.v27i3.4288 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 129-131
The use of radioiodine-131 for the treatment of hyperthyroidism is a very simple and cheap form of therapy and highly effective and is now the predominant definitive therapy both as primary treatment and following relapse after anti... more
The use of radioiodine-131 for the treatment of hyperthyroidism is a very simple and cheap form of therapy and highly effective and is now the predominant definitive therapy both as primary treatment and following relapse after anti thyroid drugs. This study was carried out in Khulna medical college from January 2002 to January 2003 to assess the degree of effectiveness of radioiodine therapy in case of hyperthyroidism. This was a prospective study of 50 patients with hyperthyroidism (28 female, 22 male, mean age 39.87 years) treated with radioiodine-131 and followed up for a period of one year. The dose of radioiodine-131 ranged from 7-10 mci. Out of 50 patients 38 (76%) were found to have diffuse toxic goitre, 5(10%) have solitary toxic nodule 1(2%) have multi nodular toxic goitre, 4(8%) have impalpable gland with thyrotoxicosis and 2(4%) with relapsing thyrotoxicosis received oral radioiodine therapy. Serum T3 was elevated in 43(86%) and was normal in 7(14%) cases. Serum T4 was n...
Background: Antibiotics are available as non-prescription drugs in pharmacies and irrational use is not uncommon. Diagnosis and treatment of most of the bacterial diseases are empirical. Microbial sensitivity patterns of common infections... more
Background: Antibiotics are available as non-prescription drugs in pharmacies and irrational use is not uncommon. Diagnosis and treatment of most of the bacterial diseases are empirical. Microbial sensitivity patterns of common infections like respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, enteric fever, wound infection are not routinely available for decision making in drug selection. Lack of hospital restrictions on antibiotic use and inappropriate usage for prophylaxis are the main reasons for inappropriate therapy. Objective: To determine the pattern of antibiotic use in hospitalized patients of different departments of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Materials & Methods: In this observational study, hospital records of total 400 patients were surveyed on 2 separate days of December 2013. Patients of both sexes from different departments receiving antibiotics were included in the study. Data was collected in a predesigned data collection sheet. Results: Of the total 400 p...
Melioidosis, a pyogenic infection that presents acutely or as a chronic infection, is caused by the soilassociated bacterium Burkholderiapseudomallei. Infection is acquired by inoculation or inhalation and is more common in patients with... more
Melioidosis, a pyogenic infection that presents acutely or as a chronic infection, is caused by the soilassociated bacterium Burkholderiapseudomallei. Infection is acquired by inoculation or inhalation and is more common in patients with underlying chronic disease. It is endemic in the tropical belt. Although Bangladesh is not considered as a country where melioidosis is endemic, an increasing number of cases have been reported recently. Definitive diagnosis requires the isolation of B. pseudomalleiin culture from clinical specimens. However, the laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis in Bangladesh and other under-resourced countries is limited by a lack of familiarity with the bacterium and a lack of facilities to accurately confirm the identity of the isolate. It is highly likely that melioidosis is underdiagnosed in this country. There is a need to increase awareness of this infection among clinicians and clinical microbiologists and improve laboratory facilities for the selective i...
Fever, chest pain, cough in a young lady usually does not ring any alarm bell. We present here a case of a young lady who had typical symptoms of community acquired pneumonia who initially responded to regular antibiotics but later was... more
Fever, chest pain, cough in a young lady usually does not ring any alarm bell. We present here a case of a young lady who had typical symptoms of community acquired pneumonia who initially responded to regular antibiotics but later was investigated to have large cell carcinoma. Presentation of lung cancer as non-resolving pneumonia is not a very common phenomenon and diagnosis can present a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. Keyword: Non-resolving pneumonia, Young lady, Chest pain, fever, Large cell Carcinoma, Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v12i2.8423 JOM 2011; 12(2): 166-169
No Available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v14i1.14624 J MEDICINE 2013; 14 : 70-71
DOI = 10.3329/jom.v9i1.1426 J MEDICINE 2008; 9 : 45-49
A total of fifty consecutive cases of Kala-azar admitted in the medicine units of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital during the period from February 2006 to October 2006 were included in this study. The number of the patients clearly... more
A total of fifty consecutive cases of Kala-azar admitted in the medicine units of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital during the period from February 2006 to October 2006 were included in this study. The number of the patients clearly indicates that the burden of Kala-azar in this region is significant and expanding. Male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Fever (96%) and splenomegaly (100%) were the predominant features. Hepatomegaly was found in 82% of the cases. Other clinical manifestations were Hyperpigmentation (76%), weight loss (62%), pallor (60%), jaundice (10%), oedema (10%), cough (6%) and lymphadenopathy (4%). Fever of 75% cases subsided within one week of starting treatment. Weight of 89.6% cases increased after completion of treatment. After completion of treatment spleen size regressed in 95.8% cases and no LD (Leishmania donovani) body was seen in 46 (92%) patients splenic / bone marrow aspiration after completion of treatment. 2 (4%) patients remain LD body positive after com...
DOI: 10.3329/jom.v12i1.6939J Medicine 2011; 12 : 94
Background: By the dawn of this modern era of science, the prime challenge of physician is cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The most important modifiable risk factors of CVDs are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use. The... more
Background: By the dawn of this modern era of science, the prime challenge of physician is cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The most important modifiable risk factors of CVDs are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use. The effects of unhealthy diet and physical inactivity include abnormal blood lipid and obesity. We tried to evaluate the lipid profile and obesity among the employees of Bangladesh Secretariat.Methods: This cross sectional type of descriptive study was carried out among 1000 employees of Bangladesh Secretariat in December, 2008. All classes of employees irrespective of age or sex were included. Body mass index (BMI) and fasting lipid profile were measured in each case. Socio-demographic variables and different related risk factors were also evaluated.Result: Out of 1000 employees with a male, female ratio of 4.75:1, 65% had sedentary life style.20.6% were smoker and only 0.05% had a history of taking alcohol regularly. 10.1% had a history of hyperlipidemia ...
Background: Dengue has become endemic in Bangladesh since 2000. The cases are being encountered each year particularly in urban areas. Thus, Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna and other cities are commonly affected areas. We sought to... more
Background: Dengue has become endemic in Bangladesh since 2000. The cases are being encountered each year particularly in urban areas. Thus, Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna and other cities are commonly affected areas. We sought to get a profile of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in a tertiary care hospital in the Dhaka city.Methods: This direct observational study was undertaken from June to October 2008 among the hospital admitted patients with a diagnosis of DHF.Result: Out of 55 patients with DHF, 87.27% came from urban areas. About 43.64% patients showed various types of active bleeding in association with different clinical features. 100% patients had relative bradycardia. Tourniquet test was positive in 43.63% patients. IgM and/or IgG antibody titer to dengue virus were positive in 85% cases.Conclusion: The clinical picture of Dengue is not as diverse as other regions of the world and the National guideline is till now found to be effective in adequate management,   doi:1...
Melanosis Coli is described as black or brown discoloration of the mucosa of the colon. It is a benign condition, whicharises from anthraquinone laxative abuse and usually has no symptoms of its own. Though not a very rare condition,to... more
Melanosis Coli is described as black or brown discoloration of the mucosa of the colon. It is a benign condition, whicharises from anthraquinone laxative abuse and usually has no symptoms of its own. Though not a very rare condition,to the best of our knowledge, no case has been reported on melanosis coli in Bangladesh . Here we report a case ofmiddle aged lady presenting with passage of blood mixed stool for one year. Colonoscopy was performed whichrevealed melanosis coli and which was later confirmed by histopathology. Not thought to be a pre malignantcondition, it has been found in some patients with other diseases.Keywords: Melanosis coli; Anthraquinone; Lipofuscin; Laxative; BangladeshDOI: 10.3329/jom.v11i2.5469J MEDICINE 2010; 11 : 183-185
Objective: Invasive deep fungal infections have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality over the pastthree decades. Organ transplantation, the use of aggressive chemotherapy and the availability and widespreaduse of... more
Objective: Invasive deep fungal infections have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality over the pastthree decades. Organ transplantation, the use of aggressive chemotherapy and the availability and widespreaduse of immunosuppressive treatments for many medical ailments have resulted in large populations ofpatients who are at risk of fungal infections. We report our experience to increase awareness of the clinicalspectrum of disseminated fungal infection and its similarity to other infections and malignancy.Materials and Methods: Case reports from different medical institution for last 6 months were searched throughcase registry and recent scientific presentation and publications.Results: Recently a case of Histoplasmosis was reported in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) wherea 57 years old male presented with low grade fever for 3 months, backache followed by progressiveweakness of both lower limbs , there was spastic paraplegia with sensory loss upto the level of D10. ...
Leprosy could be best understood as two conjoined diseases. The first is a chronic mycobacterial infection that elicits an extraordinary range of cellular immune responses. The second is lepra reaction, whose course and sequelae often... more
Leprosy could be best understood as two conjoined diseases. The first is a chronic mycobacterial infection that elicits an extraordinary range of cellular immune responses. The second is lepra reaction, whose course and sequelae often extend many years beyond the cure of the infection and may have severely debilitating physical, social, and psychological consequences. Type-2 lepra reaction is also termed Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) regardless of the site of involvement, which is in turn a Coomb and Gell Type III hypersensitivity reaction. The paradox of ENL is that it can be a life-threatening disorder and requires control with immunosuppression which may itself pose life-threatening risks for patients Indian studies found its prevalence rate of almost 50% in those with LL and 9% in BL cases and the mean time to presentation with ENL was 3.7 months after starting multi-drug therapy (MDT). Hitherto we report a severe and steroid dependent case of chronic ulcerated ENL, not only o...
More than 90 percent of cases of kala-azar in the world occur in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan, and Brazil. Nearly 25 compounds are reported to have anti-leishmanial effects but not all are in use. The pentavalent antimony compounds... more
More than 90 percent of cases of kala-azar in the world occur in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan, and Brazil. Nearly 25 compounds are reported to have anti-leishmanial effects but not all are in use. The pentavalent antimony compounds have remained as mainstay of treatment for nearly 75 years. However, emergence of resistance led to the use of other compounds like amphotericin B, pentamidine, paromomycin, miltefosine etc. Miltefosine is the only oral agent available and recently has been recommended in the National guideline of Bangladesh. But it has a long half-life of 154 hour and this could encourage development of clinical resistance. Further, rapid therapeutic response along with unsupervised treatment can severely affect compliance, and bring a premature end to this very important arsenal against leishmania. Stimaquine is other oral agent coming in near future along with some promising immunotherapeutic agents and of course the possibility of a vaccine. We can assume that in f...
DOI = 10.3329/jom.v7i2.1366 J MEDICINE 2006; 7 : 58-63
Tuberculosis is an ancient infectious disease, which can involve almost any organ of the body and can have broad spectrum of presentations The objective of this case series presentation is to highlight the importance of considering... more
Tuberculosis is an ancient infectious disease, which can involve almost any organ of the body and can have broad spectrum of presentations The objective of this case series presentation is to highlight the importance of considering Tuberculosis as a diagnosis even in this COVID pandemic time It presents with wide variety of clinical features involving different organs and often potentially fatal Mortality from tuberculosis is most often due to delay in diagnosis & thus starting treatment Thus, treatment should be initiated immediately based on strong clinical suspicion Here we have presented six different cases of TB where each case presented differently in a tertiary care private hospital of Dhaka
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Background: Snake bite is a real emergency and an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to observe different aspects of snake bite including proportion of poisonous snake bites, clinical features of... more
Background: Snake bite is a real emergency and an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to observe different aspects of snake bite including proportion of poisonous snake bites, clinical features of poisoning and outcome of treatment with polyvalent antivenom serum. Patients and Methods: 188 cases of snakebite were prospectively studied from June 2001 to Dec. 2002. Among them 132 were males and 56 were females. Age of the patients ranged from 10-70 yrs. Tourniquet was applied in all the cases of snake bite. Results: Peak incidence 74(39.36%) was in the age group 10-20 yrs. 108(57.44%) cases were venomous and 80(42.55%) were non-venomous. 158(89.04%) case of snake bite occurred out side the house and the common site of bite was lower extremities in 124 (65.95%) cases. Common feature of poisoning was drooping of the upper eyelid in 108 (100%) cases followed by external ophthalmoplegia in 82(75.92%) cases. Out of 108 venomous snake bite cases 101(93...
not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(4): 182-187

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