Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

This review of literature highlights the potentiality of Carica papaya leaf extract in controlling dengue viral disease induced thrombocytopenia-platelet count and discussed most of the published research work on this topic. Epidemic dengue is one of the leading arthopod-borne viral disease causes an acute febrile illness known as dengue fever (DF) followed by dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue induced thrombocytopenia is life threatening and a major health disorder resulted in the lower platelet count in patients with dengue fever (DF). Carica papya is not only consumed as a nutritious and delicious fruit but also used as a chief and the best herbal medicine for many health disorders. On the basis of experimental studies, clinical data and pilot studies, the Carica papaya leaf extract could help to increase platelet levels in patients suffering from dengue. All these studies strongly confirmed antiviral properties of Carica papaya and supports a strong scientific evidence for the treatment of dengue. Therefore, the use of Carica papaya leaf extract (Caripill) in the management of thrombocytopenia associated with dengue is significant and considered as an alternative herbal medicine for dengue.

The alarming cycle of dengue cases can be mathematically analyzed in the form of a time series model to act as a forecasting tool for dengue outbreaks. These models vary locally, however no models for Tacloban City, Philippines currently exist. In this study, several Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models for Tacloban City were constructed based on the secondary data of dengue cases from January 2008 to December 2014. Data were gathered from the Department of Health (DOH) Office of Region 8, Philippines. The model with the best fit was identified to be SARIMA (0,1,0)(2,1,1)12 with the least Normalized Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) of 7.332 and a Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 146.686. The Ljung-Box test was used to verify that no significant autocorrelation was present between the residuals at different lag times in the model (Q18 = 7.103, p = 0.955). The model was used to forecast dengue cases from January to December 2015 and were then compared with the observed data. The model was able to predict the trend of the observed dengue cases but differed in terms of magnitude (RMSE = 10.751). Overall, the SARIMA (0,1,0)(2,1,1)12 model fit the data well and can be used to predict possible spikes of dengue cases.

Mosquitoes are responsible for human and animal health problems in tropical and subtropical areas of the
world. They transmit malaria, filariasis, chikungunya, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and dengue
fever. Personal protection can prevent the victims from mosquito bites. After application of synthetic
mosquitocides, several allergies like contact urticarial, skin eruption and encephalopathy is reported. To
overcome the adverse effects of pesticide use, there is a need to develop mosquito repellents derived from
plant extracts. Plant essential oils are plant derivatives. Some of essential oils possess mosquitocidal
properties. They are target selective, biodegrade to non-toxic products and have few effects on non-target
organisms and our environment. In this paper, several essential oils are reported to control the mosquito
species. These plant essential oils will help the scientists to develop botanical and environment friendly
insect repellents.

In the past 15 years, there has been a dramatic resurgence of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever worldwide, with increased frequency of epidemics and geographic expansion of both the mosquito vectors and the viruses. The reasons for this resurgence are not well understood, but include uncontrolled and unplanned urbanization, increased movement of people and viruses by airplane and lack of

A study of the calculation of pleural effusion index (PEI) in patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has been conducted. PEI calculation was done through matlab programming language. Some digital image processing methods used in this research were thresholding segmentation, morphology operation, and calculation of pixel number per column in image to get PEI value. PEI values generated from image processing can be an alternative to replace the manual calculations done by physicians and used to demonstrate the gravity level of DHF.

A dengue-2 epidemic causing dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) occurred in the contiguous border cities of Matamoros, Tamaulipas (Mexico), and Brownsville, TX, in 2005. In December, we conducted a household-based epidemiologic survey to determine the incidence and seroprevalence of dengue infection among Matamoros and Brownsville residents and to identify risk factors associated with infection. Antibodies to dengue were measured in 273 individuals. The estimated incidence of recent dengue infection was 32% and 4% among Matamoros and Brownsville participants, respectively. The estimated prevalence of past dengue infection was 77% and 39% among Matamoros and Brownsville participants, respectively. The Breteau index was 28 in Matamoros and 16 in Brownsville, reflecting an abundant winter population of Aedes mosquitoes. Discarded waste tires and buckets were the two largest categories of infested containers found in both cities. Our results underscore the risk for epidemic dengue and DHF in...

Martinique experienced a dengue outbreak with co-circulation of DENV-2 and DENV-4. In an emergency department-based study, we analyzed whether the clinical presentation and outcome of adult patients were related to serotype, immune status, or plasma viral load. Of the 146 adult patients who had confirmed dengue infection, 91 (62.3%) were classified as having classic dengue fever, 11 (7.5%) fulfilled World

This paper reviews a number of biomedical engineering approaches to help aid in the detection and treatment of tropical diseases such as dengue, malaria, cholera, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, ebola, leprosy, leishmaniasis, and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas). Many different forms of non-invasive approaches such as ultrasound, echocardiography and electrocardiography, bioelectrical impedance, optical detection, simplified and rapid serological tests such as lab-on-chip and micro-/nano-fluidic platforms and medical support systems such as artificial intelligence clinical support systems are discussed. The paper also reviewed the novel clinical diagnosis and management systems using artificial intelligence and bioelectrical impedance techniques for dengue clinical applications.

Link to full text articles :
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25806872
http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/3/6947/pdf

In northern Vietnam, copepods of the genus Mesocyclops were used for biological control of Aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue viruses, by inoculation into wells, large cement tanks, ceramic jars, and other domestic containers that served as Ae. aegypti breeding sites. The use of Mesocyclops was complemented by community participation with respect to recycling to eliminate unused and discarded containers that collected rainwater and provided Ae. aegypti breeding sites that could not be treated effectively with Mesocyclops. Aedes aegypti disappeared from 400 houses of the treated village in August 1994 and has not reappeared, a result of particular significance, because there are virtually no other recorded instances of eradicating this mosquito anywhere in the world during the past 25 years, and certainly not with community-based approaches. When used in combination with community recycling, Mesocyclops is an easy and inexpensive method of Ae. aegypti control that should b...

Objetivo. Describir las dimensiones culturales que podrían favorecer u obstaculizar la prevención del dengue en dos entidades mexicanas con diferentes experiencias vinculadas a esta enfermedad. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio antropológico cultural cognitivo en el que participaron 160 personas adultas seleccionadas por muestreo propositivo. Se utilizaron las técnicas de listados libres y de sorteo de montones, indagando los términos asociados al concepto " dengue ". El análisis de consenso fue realizado mediante factorización de componentes principales, análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos y escalas multidimensionales. Resultados. Se observó mayor consenso entre los participantes de la población de mayor experiencia histórica con el dengue —Santiago Ixcuintla, Nayarit— así como dimensiones culturales más estructuradas y complejas que en Guadalajara, donde los participantes mostraron una concepción más fragmentada sobre el dengue, con información insuficiente en torno a los síntomas, el mecanismo de transmisión y los reservorios del vector. Se identificaron tres dimensiones culturales que obstaculizan la prevención del dengue: información confusa e insuficiente, la atribución de la responsabilidad de prevenir a otras personas u organismos públicos y la excesiva confianza en la fumigación como medida preventiva. Conclusiones. Será necesario considerar estas barreras en el diseño e implementación de las futuras campañas de prevención, difundiendo información que explique los riesgos de la fumigación y la importancia de que ciudadanos y autoridades participen conjuntamente en la búsqueda de una solución integral y sostenible al problema del dengue.

To demonstrate the differences of clinical features and hematologic abnormalities between dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), 359 pediatric patients admitted St. Luke's Medical Center in Quezon City, between 1999 and 2001 in Metro Manila, and adjoining provinces the Philippines, with a laboratory-confirmed dengue virus infection were evaluated. One third of the patients had DHF, and most of these patients were without shock. Restlessness, epistaxis, and abdominal pain were more associated with DHF. The platelet count was significantly lower in the DHF group than in the DF group before and after defervescence. In the DHF patients, the hematocrit was significantly increased before defervescence, and decreased the day after due to administration of intravenous fluid. Coagulation abnormalities associated with most DHF patients were thrombocytopenia and an increased fibrinolysis, but not disseminated intravascular coagulation. We present recent data on readily obtai...

This paper describes a model for predicting hemoglobin (Hb) by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in dengue patients in the Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM). Bioelectrical impedance measurements were conducted on 83 (47 males and 36 females) serologically confirmed dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients during their hospitalization. The predictive equation for Hb was derived using multivariate analysis. We investigated all the parameters in BIA, patients' symptom and demographic data. In this developed model, four predictors (reactance (Xc), sex, weight and vomiting) were found to be the best predictive factors for modeling Hb in dengue patients. However, the model can only explain approximately 42% of the variation in Hb status, thus single frequency bio-impedance stand-alone technique is insufficient to monitor Hb for the DF and DHF patients. Further investigation using multi-frequency BIA is recommended in modeling Hb to achieve the most parsimonious model.

http://iopscience.iop.org/0967-3334/25/3/002

In this study, the ability of dengue virus serotypes 2 (DENV-2) and 3 (DENV-3) to infect and induce increased production of proinflammatory cytokines in a pulmonary endothelial cell line (HPMEC-ST1.6R) was investigated. This cell line exhibits the major constitutive and inducible endothelial cell characteristics, as well as angiogenic response. DENV-2 and DENV-3 infection was confirmed by an observed cytopathic effect