University of the Basque Country, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
Sociology and Social Work
Migrants from Spain to the Basque Country between 1950 and 1980 brought about a massive change in demographics: by the mid seventies natives with autochthonous parents accounted for half the population. The political context in which said... more
Migrants from Spain to the Basque Country between 1950 and 1980 brought about a massive change in demographics: by the mid seventies natives with autochthonous parents accounted for half the population. The political context in which said migratory movement developed gave rise to anongoing debate in Basque society on the integration of these migrants. This article aims at analysing the subjective integration of said migrants, that is, the migrants’ own perception of this process. It would appear that migrants underline the social dimension of the integration, over and above political and cultural aspects.
The professors and researchers in sociology Julen Zabalo, Ilune Basterra, Iker Iraola and Txoli Mateos focus on an analysis of the integration process of numerous immigrants who arrived in the South Basque Country between the years 1950... more
The professors and researchers in sociology Julen Zabalo, Ilune Basterra, Iker Iraola and Txoli Mateos focus on an analysis of the integration process of numerous immigrants who arrived in the South Basque Country between the years 1950 and 1980. After explaining different keys tothe concept of integration and the main characteristics of this migratory movement —laying special emphasis on the attitude shown by Basque and Spanish nationalism in view of the integration of immigrants— the authors gather together the opinions formed by the immigrants themselves regarding their own integration process.
Immigration from the different regions in Spain to the Basque Country has traditionally opposed Basque and Spanish nationalism. This article provides an overview of the discourse of both nationalist traditions with respect to the... more
Immigration from the different regions in Spain to the Basque Country has traditionally opposed Basque and Spanish nationalism. This article provides an overview of the discourse of both nationalist traditions with respect to the intra-regional migration movement of the second half of the twentieth century as well as of the resulting controversy. Whereas the Basque nationalist movement claims to have defended the need to integrate immigrants since the middle of the twentieth century, particularly through politics, Spanish nationalism claims that Basque nationalism has helped marginalise these same immigrants. A qualitative analysis is used to contrast this controversy by consulting the opinion of the Spanish immigrants who settled in the Basque Country and did not avail of the political integration proposed by Basque nationalism. The main conclusion is that these immigrants tend to avoid the heart of the matter of discord between both nationalist traditions, granting little importance to political and cultural elements though stressing their social integration in the Basque Country.
- by Julen Zabalo and +2
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- Basque Studies, Immigration, Nationalism, Basque Conflict
Literature on the right of self-determination has very often focused on a scholarly and theoretical debate on the legality and appropriateness of the said right. This article, on the other hand, examines the reasons adduced by political... more
Literature on the right of self-determination has very often focused on a scholarly and theoretical debate on the legality and appropriateness of the said right. This article, on the other hand, examines the reasons adduced by political agents in favour of self-determination in the Basque Country. Far from a scholarly discussion, the political parties can appreciate a powerful instrumental component in the right to self-determination: rather than a right, they prefer to speak of democracy, and underline its worth insofar that it can help resolve the Basque political conflict. Led by this practical spirit, the parties alter their discourse to adapt to new social needs and conditions, although it could result in certain theoretical and practical contradictions.
Literature on the right of self-determination has very often focused on a scholarly and theoretical debate on the legality and appropriateness of the said right. This article, on the other hand, examines the reasons adduced by political... more
Literature on the right of self-determination has very often focused on a scholarly and theoretical debate on the legality and appropriateness of the said right. This article, on the other hand, examines the reasons adduced by political agents in favour of self-determination in the Basque Country. Far from a scholarly discussion, the political parties can appreciate a powerful instrumental component in the right to self-determination: rather than a right, they prefer to speak of democracy, and underline its worth insofar that it can help resolve the Basque political conflict. Led by this practical spirit, the parties alter their discourse to adapt to new social needs and conditions, although it could result in certain theoretical and practical contradictions.
Immigration from the different regions in Spain to the Basque Country has traditionally opposed Basque and Spanish nationalism. This article provides an overview of the discourse of both nationalist traditions with respect to the... more
Immigration from the different regions in Spain to the Basque Country has traditionally opposed Basque and Spanish nationalism. This article provides an overview of the discourse of both nationalist traditions with respect to the intra-regional migration movement of the second half of the twentieth century as well as of the resulting controversy. Whereas the Basque nationalist movement claims to have defended the need to integrate immigrants since the middle of the twentieth century, particularly through politics, Spanish nationalism claims that Basque nationalism has helped marginalise these same immigrants. A qualitative analysis is used to contrast this controversy by consulting the opinion of the Spanish immigrants who settled in the Basque Country and did not avail of the political integration proposed by Basque nationalism. The main conclusion is that these immigrants tend to avoid the heart of the matter of discord between both nationalist traditions, granting little importance to political and cultural elements though stressing their social integration in the Basque Country.
In October 2011, the Basque armed organization ETA announced an end to its activities. This article aims at studying the reasons leading up to this unilateral decision which had been taken without prior negotiations or agreements. To this... more
In October 2011, the Basque armed organization ETA announced an end to its activities. This article aims at studying the reasons leading up to this unilateral decision which had been taken without prior negotiations or agreements. To this end, a large part of existing bibliography on the subject was consulted and most of the documents released by ETA in recent years, including those for internal use, were also reviewed. In our opinion, ETA reached this decision on the basis of two conclusions and an overall view of the state of affairs. The first of these conclusions found that the two main channels opened up in 1975 to reach its tactical goals, namely, negotiation with Spain and a national front, had been fully exploited. The second concerns the great difficulty in continuing to defend armed struggle on the grounds that it helps reinforce these two channels. Moreover, the belief that it is possible to make greater advances without, rather than with, armed activity, was widespread, paradoxical as that might seem. Forty years after its political positioning with respect to post-Franco Spain, convinced that both channels had been exhausted, and of its limited legitimacy to explore new ones in its capacity as a political movement, ETA reassessed the situation, and once again changed its discourse and practice, with an aim to attaining its strategic goals.
In October 2011, the Basque armed organization ETA announced an end to its activities. This article aims at studying the reasons leading up to this unilateral decision which had been taken without prior negotiations or agreements. To this... more
In October 2011, the Basque armed organization ETA announced an end to its activities. This article aims at studying the reasons leading up to this unilateral decision which had been taken without prior negotiations or agreements. To this end, a large part of existing bibliography on the subject was consulted and most of the documents released by ETA in recent years, including those for internal use, were also reviewed. In our opinion, ETA reached this decision on the basis of two conclusions and an overall view of the state of affairs. The first of these conclusions found that the two main channels opened up in 1975 to reach its tactical goals, namely, negotiation with Spain and a national front, had been fully exploited. The second concerns the great difficulty in continuing to defend armed struggle on the grounds that it helps reinforce these two channels. Moreover, the belief that it is possible to make greater advances without, rather than with, armed activity, was widespread, paradoxical as that might seem. Forty years after its political positioning with respect to post-Franco Spain, convinced that both channels had been exhausted, and of its limited legitimacy to explore new ones in its capacity as a political movement, ETA reassessed the situation, and once again changed its discourse and practice, with an aim to attaining its strategic goals.
Lanak lau azterketa biltzen ditu: a) Azterketa kuantitatiboa: Euskal Herri osoan Euskal Estatuari buruz egindako inkesta bateko datuak erabiliz. b) Azterketa kualitatiboa: Euskal Herri osoan Euskal Estatuari buruz hitz egiteko antolatu... more
Lanak lau azterketa biltzen ditu:
a) Azterketa kuantitatiboa: Euskal Herri osoan Euskal Estatuari buruz egindako inkesta bateko datuak erabiliz.
b) Azterketa kualitatiboa: Euskal Herri osoan Euskal Estatuari buruz hitz egiteko antolatu ziren eztabaida taldeetako iritziak erabiliz.
c) Kasu azterketa: Euskal Estatuaren alde dauden enpresaburuen iritziak eta arrazoiak jarrera hori izateko.
d) Kasu azterketa: euskara eta euskal kultura kontuan harturik, Euskal Estatuaren aurrean Euskalgintzako eragileek izan ditzaketen jarrera eta iritziak.
a) Azterketa kuantitatiboa: Euskal Herri osoan Euskal Estatuari buruz egindako inkesta bateko datuak erabiliz.
b) Azterketa kualitatiboa: Euskal Herri osoan Euskal Estatuari buruz hitz egiteko antolatu ziren eztabaida taldeetako iritziak erabiliz.
c) Kasu azterketa: Euskal Estatuaren alde dauden enpresaburuen iritziak eta arrazoiak jarrera hori izateko.
d) Kasu azterketa: euskara eta euskal kultura kontuan harturik, Euskal Estatuaren aurrean Euskalgintzako eragileek izan ditzaketen jarrera eta iritziak.
- by Julen Zabalo and +4
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- Basque Studies, Nationalism, State Building, National Identity
La investigación recoge cuatro tipos de análisis: a) Análisis cuantitativo: utilizando los datos de la encuesta sobre el Estado Vasco realizada en toda Euskal Herria. b) Análisis cualitativo: mediante las opiniones expresadas en los... more
La investigación recoge cuatro tipos de análisis:
a) Análisis cuantitativo: utilizando los datos de la encuesta sobre el Estado Vasco realizada en toda Euskal Herria.
b) Análisis cualitativo: mediante las opiniones expresadas en los grupos de discusión que se organizaron en todo el territorio de Euskal Herria para tratar el tema del Estado Vasco.
c) Análisis de casos: opiniones de empresarias y empresarios favorables a la creación del Estado Vasco y las razones que argumentan para defender esta postura.
d) Análisis de casos: tomando como punto de partida el euskara y la cultura en euskara, opiniones y actitudes sobre el Estado Vasco expresadas por diversos agentes de lo que viene llamándose Euskalgintza.
a) Análisis cuantitativo: utilizando los datos de la encuesta sobre el Estado Vasco realizada en toda Euskal Herria.
b) Análisis cualitativo: mediante las opiniones expresadas en los grupos de discusión que se organizaron en todo el territorio de Euskal Herria para tratar el tema del Estado Vasco.
c) Análisis de casos: opiniones de empresarias y empresarios favorables a la creación del Estado Vasco y las razones que argumentan para defender esta postura.
d) Análisis de casos: tomando como punto de partida el euskara y la cultura en euskara, opiniones y actitudes sobre el Estado Vasco expresadas por diversos agentes de lo que viene llamándose Euskalgintza.
- by Julen Zabalo and +3
- •
- Basque Studies, Nationalism, State Building, National Identity