- Languages and Linguistics, Psycholinguistics, Bilingualism & the brain, Basque Studies, Cognitive Science, Syntax, and 25 moreErgativity, Generative linguistics, Morphology, Bilingualism, Spanish Linguistics, Language Planning and Policy, Neurolinguistics, Aphasia, Morphosyntax, Syntactic Theory, Linguistics, Biolinguistics, Typology, Language Documentation, Corpus Linguistics, Basque linguistics, Linguistic Typology, Theoretical Linguistics, Embodied Cognition, Basque Language, Language Typology, Morphology (Languages And Linguistics), Grammaticalization, Word order, and Sentence Processingedit
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Electrophysiology, Multilingualism, Cognition, Electroencephalography, and 16 moreLanguage, Translation, Bilingualism, Brain Mapping, Masking, Brain, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Female, Male, Young Adult, Event Related Potentials, Priming effect, Visual Evoked Potentials, Neurosciences, and Switching Cost
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En este artículo, se presenta un panorama de los tratamientos que ha recibido, dentro del paradigma generativo, una cuestión fundamental en los estudios de lengua vasca, como es la ergatividad. Esta propiedad gramatical se manifiesta en... more
En este artículo, se presenta un panorama de los tratamientos que ha recibido, dentro del paradigma generativo, una cuestión fundamental en los estudios de lengua vasca, como es la ergatividad. Esta propiedad gramatical se manifiesta en una minoría de las lenguas del planeta, y plantea serias cuestiones en cuanto a la relevancia y naturaleza de las funciones gramaticales sujeto y objeto en el diseño general del lenguaje humano.
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Most sentence production models consider how ease of access to semantic, lexical, morphological, and syntactic information affects choice of constituent structure. These considerations are drawn exclusively from studies that investigated... more
Most sentence production models consider how ease of access to semantic, lexical, morphological, and syntactic information affects choice of constituent structure. These considerations are drawn exclusively from studies that investigated nominative/accusative head-initial (VO) languages. We investigated whether these findings can be generalized to languages with different typological properties by using a structural priming paradigm in an ergative, head-final (OV) language: Basque. In four experiments we studied Basque native speakers’ choice of description of events involving psychological-verbs (intransitive [NPabs-PP-Vpsych] vs. transitive [NPerg-NPabs-Vpsych] psychological-verb structures). Experiment 1 showed structural priming and lexical boost effects: Participants produced more intransitive [NPabs-PP-Vpsych] descriptions after intransitive [NPabs-PP-Vpsych] than transitive [NPerg-NPabs-Vpsych] primes, with stronger effects when the verb was repeated between prime and target....
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Results According to our data, verb agreement processing does not reveal differences between native and nonnative speakers, given a native language that has verb-agreement in its grammar [4]. Only linguistic phenomena that involve the... more
Results According to our data, verb agreement processing does not reveal differences between native and nonnative speakers, given a native language that has verb-agreement in its grammar [4]. Only linguistic phenomena that involve the ergative alignment of Basque reveal a native/non-native contrast, possibly due to a linguistic transfer from the nominative setting of their native language, Spanish. As for the head parameter (word order), similarly to natives, L2 Basque speakers revealed behavioural patterns that favoured SOV over OSV ...
Results: Number attraction effects were found in both behavioral and electrophysiological data. In the grammaticality judgment task, participants were significantly slower (only for grammatical sentences) and less accurate (for both... more
Results: Number attraction effects were found in both behavioral and electrophysiological data. In the grammaticality judgment task, participants were significantly slower (only for grammatical sentences) and less accurate (for both grammatical and ungrammatical sentences) in number mismatch than match conditions. More interestingly, at the critical word position (la vs.* las clitics;'it'vs.'them'), different ERP patterns related to grammaticality effects were reported for number match (a fronto-central N400 followed by a P600) and ...
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Información del artículo Bizkaiko aldundiaren euskarazko katedra (hipebizkaieraren historiaz I.).
Información del artículo Manuel Arriandiaga: Euskal aditza Bizkai, Gipuzko, Lapurdi ta Zuberoko izkerantzetan garbiturikoa.
Información del artículo Manuel Arriandiaga: berrasterketarako oinarriak (hiperbizkaieraren historiaz. IV).
Abstract: The theoretical generalization that no lexical material can occur between a Wh-element and a verb in any clause in Basque is challenged, and it is argued that case is not assigned structurally in the Basque language. The account... more
Abstract: The theoretical generalization that no lexical material can occur between a Wh-element and a verb in any clause in Basque is challenged, and it is argued that case is not assigned structurally in the Basque language. The account demonstrates how a number of well documented properties of Basque may combine to produce this grammatical result, and an attempt to capture the significance of several specific syntactic relationships (eg, theta-role discharging, case assignment, and focalization) for the proper definition of barriers is ...
Abstract: En este artículo, se presenta un panorama de los tratamientos que ha recibido, dentro del paradigma generativo, una cuestión fundamental en los estudios de lengua vasca, como es la ergatividad. Esta propiedad gramatical se... more
Abstract: En este artículo, se presenta un panorama de los tratamientos que ha recibido, dentro del paradigma generativo, una cuestión fundamental en los estudios de lengua vasca, como es la ergatividad. Esta propiedad gramatical se manifiesta en una minoría de las lenguas del planeta, y plantea serias cuestiones en cuanto a la relevancia y naturaleza de las funciones gramaticales sujeto y objeto en el diseño general del lenguaje humano.
The paradigm in (1) illustrates a very well-known phenomenon, which is not restricted to Spanish, from where the examples are taken; this phenomenon is present also in Standard Italian, Catalan, Portuguese, and many other Romance... more
The paradigm in (1) illustrates a very well-known phenomenon, which is not restricted to Spanish, from where the examples are taken; this phenomenon is present also in Standard Italian, Catalan, Portuguese, and many other Romance dialects, and it is traditionally referred to as negative concord. What is puzzling about the paradigm in (1) is that the constituent nadie behaves as if it had a double nature: in.(la) and (lb), it patterns like a Negative Polarity Item (Ladusaw, 1980), in that it requires sentence negation as a licenser ...
Arestik bigarren hizkuntza zuen euskara, gaztelania lehena. Hari horri helduta, azken urteotan jakin izan ditugun zenbait berri azaldu nahi dizkizuet, hizkuntzek burmuinean egiten dituzten kiribil eta jokoen inguruan. Asko da ez dakiguna,... more
Arestik bigarren hizkuntza zuen euskara, gaztelania lehena. Hari horri helduta, azken urteotan jakin izan ditugun zenbait berri azaldu nahi dizkizuet, hizkuntzek burmuinean egiten dituzten kiribil eta jokoen inguruan. Asko da ez dakiguna, baina dakigun apurrari guztiz jakingarria deritzot, batez ere hizkuntza gune duen euskaldunon elkartearentzat.
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This study examined word order preferences as a function of phrasal length in Basque. Basque is an OV language with flexible sentence word order and rich verb agreement. Contrary to the universal short-before-long preference predicted by... more
This study examined word order preferences as a function of phrasal length in Basque. Basque is an OV language with flexible sentence word order and rich verb agreement. Contrary to the universal short-before-long preference predicted by availability models, Hawkins has argued that short-before-long orders are preferred in VO languages such as English, whereas long-before-short orders are preferred in OV languages such as Japanese. However, it is unclear how length affects word order preferences when an OV language has rich verb agreement and allows post-verbal arguments. We found a general long-before-short preference, and a tendency to place the verb in a sentence-medial position when one constituent is long. We argue that since agreement morphology signals the thematic role and case of surrounding phrases, it contributes to speeding up sentence processing. We conclude that morphologically rich languages employ both general adjacency mechanisms and language-specific resources to enhance language efficiency.
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This article presents EHME, the frequency dictionary of Basque structure, an online program that enables researchers in psycholinguistics to extract word and nonword stimuli, based on a broad range of statistics concerning the properties... more
This article presents EHME, the frequency dictionary of Basque structure, an online program that enables researchers in psycholinguistics to extract word and nonword stimuli, based on a broad range of statistics concerning the properties of Basque words. The database consists of 22.7 million tokens, and properties available include morphological structure frequency and word-similarity measures, apart from classical indexes: word frequency, orthographic structure, orthographic similarity, bigram and biphone frequency, and syllable-based measures. Measures are indexed at the lemma, morpheme and word level. We include reliability and validation analysis. The application is freely available, and enables the user to extract words based on concrete statistical criteria 1 , as well as to obtain statistical characteristics from a list of words 2 .
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We present the results of the first corpus analysis of Spanish verbs where the correlation between morphological irregularity and frequency was considered. In English, irregular verbs are more frequent than regular ones (Ullman, 1999 and... more
We present the results of the first corpus analysis of Spanish verbs where the correlation between morphological irregularity and frequency was considered. In English, irregular verbs are more frequent than regular ones (Ullman, 1999 and Michel et al., 2011). We tested whether this frequency-irregularity relation observed in English would also hold in a more complex morphological system like Spanish. Results show that frequency and morphological irregularity do not correlate in Spanish. This pattern of results represents a challenge for the Dual-Mechanism model of morphology (Pinker and Prince 1988; Pinker and Ullman 2002), where all irregulars are argued to be stored whole in memory and are predicted to be more frequent than regulars.
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Event-related potential studies on second language processing reveal that L1/L2 differences are due either to proficiency, age of acquisition or grammatical differences between L1 and L2 (Kotz in Brain Lang 109(2–3):68–74, 2009). However,... more
Event-related potential studies on second language processing reveal that L1/L2 differences are due either to proficiency, age of acquisition or grammatical differences between L1 and L2 (Kotz in Brain Lang 109(2–3):68–74, 2009). However, the relative impact of these and other factors in second language processing is still not well understood. Here we present evidence from behavioral and ERP experiments on Basque sentence word order processing by L1Spanish–L2Basque early bilinguals (Age of Aquisition = 3 years) with very high proficiency in their L2. Results reveal that these L2 speakers have a preference towards canonical Subject–Object–Verb word order, which they processed faster and with greater ease than non-canonical Object–Subject–Verb. This result converges with the processing preferences shown by natives and reported in Erdocia et al. (Brain Lang 109(1):1–17, 2009). However, electrophysiological measures associated to canonical (SOV) and non-canonical (OSV) sentences revealed a different pattern in the non-natives, as compared to that reported previously for natives. The non-native group elicited a P600 component that native group did not show when comparing S and O at sentence’s second position. This pattern of results suggests that, despite high proficiency, non-native language processing recruits neural resources that are different from those employed in native languages.
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La investigación experimental de las últimas décadas ha ido revelando aspectos de la naturaleza neurocognitiva de la sintaxis, algunos de los cuales se recogen y discuten en este capítulo. La selección de temas, resultados e... more
La investigación experimental de las últimas décadas ha ido revelando aspectos de la naturaleza neurocognitiva de la sintaxis, algunos de los cuales se recogen y discuten en este capítulo. La selección de temas, resultados e interpretación de la evidencia se ha hecho teniendo en cuenta principalmente la perspectiva de la teoría lingüística, y por ello haré más hincapié en la relevancia de algunos resultados obtenidos por la investigación en neurocognición del lenguaje sobre la sintaxis, que en los aspectos metodológicos relacionados con las técnicas de neuroimagen y el diseño experimental que se utilizan en estos trabajos. Intentaré ofrecer una visión de algunas de las contribuciones que considero más significativas en el estudio de la neurocognición de la sintaxis, visión que será necesariamente parcial e incompleta, dado el enorme número y disparidad de contribuciones que se publican actualmente en este campo. Para una presentación y defensa de la lingüística generativa dentro de la neurociencia cognitiva del lenguaje, léase Marantz (2005); para discusiones más detalladas sobre sintaxis donde se discuten también métodos y sus características, léanse Embick y Poeppel (2005), Grodzinsky y Friederici (2006) y las numerosas referencias citadas en estos trabajos.
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NAUKAS Festival de la Ciencia 2014
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Cursos de Verano de la UPV/EHU 2013
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This paper proposes that the pattern of 1st and 2nd person agreement between plural DPs and inflection attested in some Null Subject Languages (NSLs) such as Spanish and Basque is to be attributed to a null pronoun linked to the plural DP... more
This paper proposes that the pattern of 1st and 2nd person agreement between plural DPs and inflection attested in some Null Subject Languages (NSLs) such as Spanish and Basque is to be attributed to a null pronoun linked to the plural DP (Torrego 2014). Pronouns within plural DPs/NPs are nothing new. Since Postal (1966), linguists have viewed pronouns as a subtype of Determiner, related to the definite article, a point highlighted by the morphological identity of, for instance, the Spanish definite determiner «el» («el libro»)
and the third person singular masculine pronoun «él» (written with an accent mark: «él leyó el libro»). Postal (1966) shows that pronouns within plural DPs behave like definite determiners, as witnessed by expressions such as [DP we women], [you girls], that have a Determiner pronoun («[D we]» in [DP we women]). Our discussion makes two main points: One is that crosslinguistic variation in the domain of 1st and 2nd person agreement with plural DPs stems from the internal syntax of overt pronouns within DPs. The other
is that NSLs resort to null pro when overt pronouns are not able to function as Determiner-pronouns within plural DPs for syntactic/structural reasons, with consequences for the pronominal agreement inflection of the clause.
and the third person singular masculine pronoun «él» (written with an accent mark: «él leyó el libro»). Postal (1966) shows that pronouns within plural DPs behave like definite determiners, as witnessed by expressions such as [DP we women], [you girls], that have a Determiner pronoun («[D we]» in [DP we women]). Our discussion makes two main points: One is that crosslinguistic variation in the domain of 1st and 2nd person agreement with plural DPs stems from the internal syntax of overt pronouns within DPs. The other
is that NSLs resort to null pro when overt pronouns are not able to function as Determiner-pronouns within plural DPs for syntactic/structural reasons, with consequences for the pronominal agreement inflection of the clause.
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Arestik bigarren hizkuntza zuen euskara, gaztelania lehena. Hari horri helduta, azken urteotan jakin izan ditugun zenbait berri azaldu nahi dizkizuet, hizkuntzek burmuinean egiten dituzten kiribil eta jokoen inguruan. Asko da ez dakiguna,... more
Arestik bigarren hizkuntza zuen euskara, gaztelania lehena. Hari horri helduta, azken urteotan jakin izan ditugun zenbait berri azaldu nahi dizkizuet, hizkuntzek burmuinean egiten dituzten kiribil eta jokoen inguruan. Asko da ez dakiguna, baina dakigun apurrari guztiz jakingarria deritzot, batez ere hizkuntza gune duen euskaldunon elkartearentzat.
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Lan honetan, giza hizkuntzek ageri duten hurrenkeratzea azaltzeko asmotan garatu diren buru-parametroaren eta antisimetriaren hipotesiaren inguruko hausnarketat eskaintzen dut, batik bat hizkuntzaren jabekuntzan eta prozesamenduan... more
Lan honetan, giza hizkuntzek ageri duten hurrenkeratzea azaltzeko asmotan garatu diren buru-parametroaren
eta antisimetriaren hipotesiaren inguruko hausnarketat eskaintzen dut, batik bat hizkuntzaren jabekuntzan eta
prozesamenduan aurkitzen dugun ebidentzia kontuan harturik. Hurrenkeratzea bera hasunargai hartzen dut
lehenik eta, hurrengo, hurrenkeratze ereduak azaltzeko hipotesi nagusi biak. Lanea zehar, keinu- eta soinuhizkuntzak,
jabekuntzaren lehen-lehenengo aroak eta euskal perpausen hitzordenaren prozesamendua ulertzeko
egin dtugun lehen urratsak darabilzkit mintzagai. Hausnarketa honen ondorio nagusia, hipotesi
antisimetrikoaren aldeko ebidentziaren urritasuna da.
eta antisimetriaren hipotesiaren inguruko hausnarketat eskaintzen dut, batik bat hizkuntzaren jabekuntzan eta
prozesamenduan aurkitzen dugun ebidentzia kontuan harturik. Hurrenkeratzea bera hasunargai hartzen dut
lehenik eta, hurrengo, hurrenkeratze ereduak azaltzeko hipotesi nagusi biak. Lanea zehar, keinu- eta soinuhizkuntzak,
jabekuntzaren lehen-lehenengo aroak eta euskal perpausen hitzordenaren prozesamendua ulertzeko
egin dtugun lehen urratsak darabilzkit mintzagai. Hausnarketa honen ondorio nagusia, hipotesi
antisimetrikoaren aldeko ebidentziaren urritasuna da.
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Gizakiok hizkuntza dugu, saguzaharrek ekolokazioa, txoriek kantua. Saguzaharren ekolokazioa edo txorien kantua ikertzeko espezie horien biologiari begiratzen diogun legez, gizakion hizkuntz gaitasuna ulertzeko hizkuntzarako ezinbesteko... more
Gizakiok hizkuntza dugu, saguzaharrek ekolokazioa, txoriek kantua. Saguzaharren ekolokazioa edo txorien kantua ikertzeko espezie horien biologiari begiratzen diogun legez, gizakion hizkuntz gaitasuna ulertzeko hizkuntzarako ezinbesteko diren moldaera biologikoei so egin behar diegu. Hizkuntza fenomeno naturala da, ez materiaz gaindiko dimentsio bateko izaki platonikoa. Truismo hutsa behar luke baieztapen honek, baina aitzitik ez du oraindik merezi duen arreta jaso gure zientzian eta kulturan.
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Lan honetan, Gramatika Unibertsalaren (GU) hipotesiaren inguruan jardungo dut. Giza hizkuntzak sortzetiko ezaugarri espezifikoak baldin baditu, horiei buruz dakiguna aztertzen hasteko garai egokian gaude, hipotesia aldarrikatu eta mende... more
Lan honetan, Gramatika Unibertsalaren (GU) hipotesiaren inguruan jardungo dut. Giza hizkuntzak sortzetiko ezaugarri espezifikoak baldin baditu, horiei buruz dakiguna aztertzen
hasteko garai egokian gaude, hipotesia aldarrikatu eta mende erdia igaro ondoan. Gaurkoan hona ekarri nahi nituzkeenak, ordea, ez dira hizkuntzalarion artean aurkeztu ohi ditugun
hizkuntzetako datuetatiko ebidentzia eta argumentuak, baizik eta auzoan ditugun zientzia kognitiboetan hizkuntza artifizialak erabiliaz egindako lan esperimentaletan egin diren zenbait
aurkikuntza, hizkuntzaren diseinuari buruzko argi egiten dutenak. Hizkuntzalariontzako guztiz jakingarriak begitantzen zaizkidalako dakartzat gure plazara, hizkuntzaren senezkotasunean zer dagoen sakonago hausnartzen lagunduko digulakoan.
hasteko garai egokian gaude, hipotesia aldarrikatu eta mende erdia igaro ondoan. Gaurkoan hona ekarri nahi nituzkeenak, ordea, ez dira hizkuntzalarion artean aurkeztu ohi ditugun
hizkuntzetako datuetatiko ebidentzia eta argumentuak, baizik eta auzoan ditugun zientzia kognitiboetan hizkuntza artifizialak erabiliaz egindako lan esperimentaletan egin diren zenbait
aurkikuntza, hizkuntzaren diseinuari buruzko argi egiten dutenak. Hizkuntzalariontzako guztiz jakingarriak begitantzen zaizkidalako dakartzat gure plazara, hizkuntzaren senezkotasunean zer dagoen sakonago hausnartzen lagunduko digulakoan.
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Hitz ñimiñoek zarata gutxi egiten dute, inoiz hitz potoloei itsatsita datoz, ezkutuan. Baina hitz ñimiñoei esker dugu hizkuntza, hizkuntza hitz ñimiñoetan gordetzen da.
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We investigate how language is represented and processed – in particular, which traits of language representation and processing are universal and which vary depending on the particular specifications of each language.
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By integrating the work of six research groups formed by professionals from various scientific fields, and with the common aim of addressing the phenomenon of bilingualism, the overall objective is to understand the neural and cognitive... more
By integrating the work of six research groups formed by professionals from various scientific fields, and with the common aim of addressing the phenomenon of bilingualism, the overall objective is to understand the neural and cognitive mechanisms that enable the acquisition and use of various languages, this being considered within the wider context of other human cognitive skills.