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Translingual
edit| Stroke order | |||
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Han character
edit夫 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 手人 (QO), four-corner 50030, composition ⿻二人 or ⿻一大)
See also
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 248, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5835
- Dae Jaweon: page 507, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 521, character 1
- Unihan data for U+592B
Chinese
edit| simp. and trad. |
夫 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
edit| Historical forms of the character 夫 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“man”) + 一 (“hairpin”) – a man with a hairpin in his hair.
In ancient times, when men reached the age of 20, they bound their hair with a hairpin during the Guan Li ceremony. The hairpin is the sign of “a grownup man”.
Etymology 1
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷa (“male, father, third-person pronoun”). Cognate with Tibetan ཕ། (pha, “father”), Burmese ဘ (bha., “father”). Possibly related to 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ, “father”).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fu1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fû
- Northern Min (KCR): hú
- Eastern Min (BUC): hŭ / buŏ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1fu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fu
- Wade–Giles: fu1
- Yale: fū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fu
- Palladius: фу (fu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fu1
- Yale: fū
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu1
- Guangdong Romanization: fu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fû
- Hakka Romanization System: fuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fu1
- Sinological IPA: /fu²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hú
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭ / buŏ
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu⁵⁵/, /puo⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- hŭ - literary;
- buŏ - vernacular.
Note:
- hu - literary;
- po͘ - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hu1 / bou1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hu / pou
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu³³/, /pou³³/
Note:
- hu1 - literary;
- bou1 - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: pju
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)a/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pa/
Definitions
edit夫
- male adult; man
- 劍閣崢嶸而崔嵬，一夫當關，萬夫莫開。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: c. early 8th century, Li Bai (李白), 蜀道難. Translated into the English as The Steep Road to Shuh by Shigeyoshi Obata (小畑薫良), 1922.
- Jiàngé zhēngróng ér cuīwéi, yī fū dāng guān, wàn fū mò kāi. [Pinyin]
- The gate of the Sword Parapet stands firm on its frightful height.
One man defending it, a thousand men could not break it open.
剑阁峥嵘而崔嵬，一夫当关，万夫莫开。 [MSC, simp.]
- husband
- manual worker
- conscripted laborer
Synonyms
editCompounds
edit- 一勇之夫
- 一夫 (yīfū)
- 下大夫
- 丈夫 (“husband”)
- 丈夫女
- 丈夫子
- 三閭大夫／三闾大夫
- 不丈夫
- 不杖期夫
- 中散大夫
- 尹霍夫池
- 二夫人
- 五大夫
- 五羖大夫
- 介夫
- 伊凡諾夫／伊凡诺夫
- 伙夫
- 偉丈夫／伟丈夫
- 傖夫俗人／伧夫俗人
- 僕夫／仆夫
- 光夫
- 先夫 (xiānfū)
- 光祿大夫／光禄大夫
- 克利夫蘭／克利夫兰 (Kèlìfūlán)
- 兒夫／儿夫
- 兒女夫妻／儿女夫妻
- 共事一夫
- 冰島漁夫／冰岛渔夫
- 凡夫 (fánfū)
- 凡夫俗子 (fánfūsúzǐ)
- 凡夫肉眼
- 剋夫／克夫 (kèfū)
- 前夫 (qiánfū)
- 力敵萬夫／力敌万夫
- 功夫 (gōngfu, “kung-fu”)
- 功夫片
- 勇夫 (yǒngfū)
- 勇夫悍卒
- 匹夫 (pǐfū)
- 匹夫之勇 (pǐfūzhīyǒng)
- 匹夫匹婦／匹夫匹妇
- 匹夫懷璧／匹夫怀璧
- 匹夫有責／匹夫有责
- 千夫
- 千夫所指 (qiānfūsuǒzhǐ)
- 千夫長／千夫长
- 南斯拉夫 (Nánsīlāfū)
- 卿大夫 (qīngdàfū)
- 哲夫 (zhéfū)
- 單夫隻婦／单夫只妇
- 嗇夫／啬夫
- 地下夫人
- 坐產招夫／坐产招夫
- 堯夫助麥／尧夫助麦
- 壓寨夫人／压寨夫人
- 士大夫 (shìdàfū)
- 士大夫畫／士大夫画
- 士夫
- 壯夫／壮夫
- 夜夫
- 大丈夫
- 大夫 (“doctor”)
- 大夫松
- 太中大夫 (tàizhōng dàfū)
- 夫主
- 夫人 (fūrén, “madam”)
- 夫人城
- 夫人縣君／夫人县君
- 夫人裙帶／夫人裙带
- 夫倡婦隨／夫倡妇随
- 夫兄弟
- 夫君 (fūjūn)
- 夫唱婦隨／夫唱妇随 (fūchàngfùsuí)
- 太夫人
- 太夫子
- 夫妻 (fūqī)
- 夫妻兩口／夫妻两口
- 夫妻反目
- 夫妻店 (fūqīdiàn)
- 夫妻相 (fūqīxiàng)
- 夫妻關係／夫妻关系
- 夫娘 (fūniáng)
- 夫婦／夫妇 (fūfù, “married couple”)
- 夫婦合璧／夫妇合璧
- 夫婦和／夫妇和
- 夫婦好合／夫妇好合
- 夫婦齊眉／夫妇齐眉
- 夫婿 (fūxù)
- 夫子 (fūzǐ)
- 夫子河 (Fūzǐhé)
- 夫子自道
- 夫家 (fūjiā)
- 夫役
- 夫榮妻貴／夫荣妻贵
- 夫榮妻顯／夫荣妻显
- 夫權／夫权 (fūquán)
- 夫死從子／夫死从子
- 夫男
- 夫貴妻榮／夫贵妻荣
- 夫頭／夫头
- 夫馬／夫马
- 夫黨／夫党
- 夯夫
- 夯鐵之夫／夯铁之夫
- 奉政大夫
- 女丈夫
- 女中丈夫
- 奸夫 (jiānfū)
- 妻以夫貴／妻以夫贵
- 妹夫 (mèifū)
- 姐夫
- 姊夫
- 姦夫／奸夫 (jiānfū)
- 姨夫
- 姦夫淫婦／奸夫淫妇
- 婢作夫人
- 娼夫
- 婦奪夫權／妇夺夫权
- 婢學夫人／婢学夫人
- 嫂夫人
- 子大夫
- 孔夫子 (Kǒng Fūzǐ)
- 孱夫
- 宰夫
- 家庭主夫 (jiātíng zhǔfū)
- 家庭煮夫
- 寡夫 (guǎfū)
- 尊夫人 (zūnfūrén)
- 小丈夫
- 小夫人
- 屠夫 (túfū)
- 工夫
- 床上功夫
- 庸夫
- 廚夫／厨夫
- 役夫
- 征夫 (zhēngfū)
- 後夫／后夫
- 御史大夫 (yùshǐ dàfū)
- 御夫座 (Yùfūzuò)
- 怯夫 (qièfū)
- 怨女曠夫／怨女旷夫 (yuànnǚ kuàngfū)
- 息夫人
- 患難夫妻／患难夫妻
- 情夫 (qíngfū)
- 愚夫
- 愚夫愚婦／愚夫愚妇
- 憂愁夫人／忧愁夫人
- 懦夫 (nuòfū)
- 打脊匹夫
- 扛夫
- 抗戰夫人／抗战夫人
- 拔圍出夫／拔围出夫
- 拉夫 (lāfū)
- 拙夫
- 押寨夫人
- 挑夫 (tiāofū)
- 挑妻窩夫／挑妻窝夫
- 指腳夫妻／指脚夫妻
- 摩耶夫人
- 擔夫／担夫
- 故夫
- 斯拉夫字母
- 斯拉夫族 (sīlāfūzú)
- 曠夫／旷夫 (kuàngfū)
- 曠夫怨女／旷夫怨女 (kuàngfū yuànnǚ)
- 更夫 (gēngfū)
- 有夫之婦／有夫之妇 (yǒufūzhīfù)
- 有工夫
- 望夫石 (wàngfūshí)
- 未婚夫 (wèihūnfū)
- 村夫 (cūnfū)
- 村夫俗子
- 村夫子
- 村夫野老
- 杖期夫
- 柴米夫妻
- 槓夫／杠夫 (gàngfū)
- 樵夫 (qiáofū)
- 武夫 (wǔfū)
- 殺狗勸夫／杀狗劝夫
- 民夫 (mínfū)
- 民賊獨夫／民贼独夫
- 水夫 (shuǐfū)
- 水火夫
- 沒得工夫／没得工夫
- 沒的功夫／没的功夫
- 海夫人
- 清道夫 (qīngdàofū)
- 湘夫人
- 漁夫／渔夫 (yúfū, “fisherman”)
- 潛夫論／潜夫论
- 瀧夫／泷夫
- 灌夫罵坐／灌夫骂坐
- 火夫 (huǒfū)
- 烈丈夫
- 牧夫座 (Mùfūzuò)
- 狂夫
- 獨夫／独夫 (dúfū)
- 獨夫民賊／独夫民贼 (dúfūmínzéi)
- 玉夫座 (Yùfūzuò)
- 田夫牧子
- 田夫野老
- 病夫 (bìngfū)
- 白費功夫／白费功夫
- 百夫良
- 百夫長／百夫长 (bǎifūzhǎng)
- 盭夫
- 相夫教子 (xiàngfūjiàozǐ)
- 相女配夫
- 眇小丈夫
- 萬夫／万夫
- 萬夫不當／万夫不当
- 萬夫莫敵／万夫莫敌
- 萬夫莫當／万夫莫当
- 穡夫／穑夫
- 空中夫妻
- 窺御激夫／窥御激夫
- 站夫
- 竹夫人 (zhúfūrén)
- 第一夫人 (dì-yī fūrén)
- 管夫人
- 箱底功夫
- 精夫
- 糞夫／粪夫
- 約瑟夫／约瑟夫 (Yuēsèfū)
- 結髮夫妻／结发夫妻 (jiéfà fūqī)
- 縴夫／纤夫 (qiànfū)
- 罵坐灌夫／骂坐灌夫
- 羅敷有夫／罗敷有夫
- 義夫／义夫 (yìfū)
- 義夫節婦／义夫节妇
- 老匹夫
- 老夫 (lǎofū)
- 老夫妻
- 老夫子
- 老夫老妻 (lǎofūlǎoqī)
- 而夫
- 耕夫
- 腳夫／脚夫 (jiǎofū)
- 膳夫
- 臨水夫人／临水夫人
- 舁夫
- 船夫 (chuánfū)
- 花燭夫妻／花烛夫妻
- 花蕊夫人
- 莽大夫
- 莽夫
- 莽灌夫
- 蒙古大夫 (měnggǔ dàifu)
- 薄夫
- 蝴蝶夫人
- 表沃夫
- 褐夫
- 西山餓夫／西山饿夫
- 謀夫孔多／谋夫孔多
- 諫議大夫／谏议大夫 (jiànyì dàfū)
- 貝奧武夫／贝奥武夫 (Bèi'àowǔfū)
- 貞夫烈婦／贞夫烈妇
- 貪夫徇財／贪夫徇财
- 貪夫痴客／贪夫痴客
- 販夫走卒／贩夫走卒 (fànfūzǒuzú)
- 費功夫／费功夫
- 貼夫／贴夫
- 賤丈夫／贱丈夫
- 赳赳武夫 (jiūjiūwǔfū)
- 起夫
- 車腳夫／车脚夫
- 輓夫／挽夫
- 輦夫／辇夫
- 轎夫／轿夫 (jiàofū)
- 農夫／农夫 (nóngfū, “peasant”)
- 迂夫子
- 逐臭之夫
- 鄉大夫／乡大夫
- 鄙夫
- 鄙夫之見／鄙夫之见
- 長夫／长夫
- 閒工夫／闲工夫 (xiángōngfu)
- 關夫子／关夫子 (Guānfūzǐ)
- 露水夫妻
- 韋布匹夫／韦布匹夫
- 頂上功夫／顶上功夫
- 馬夫／马夫 (mǎfū)
- 馬爾地夫／马尔地夫 (Mǎ'ěrdìfū)
- 騾夫／骡夫
- 高爾夫／高尔夫 (gāo'ěrfū)
- 高爾夫球／高尔夫球 (gāo'ěrfūqiú)
- 鰥夫／鳏夫 (guānfū)
- 齋夫／斋夫
Descendants
editEtymology 2
edit“That”. Schuessler (2007) connects this with Proto-Loloish *m-ba (“on the other side”), Tibetan ཕ (pha, “beyond, farther on, onward”). Maybe related to 彼 (OC *pralʔ, “that”). Pulleyblank (1995) relates the introductory particle sense with 凡 (OC *bom).
In the sense "is it not?", probably a contraction of 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') and 乎 (OC *ɢaː) (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 145).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fu4
- Eastern Min (BUC): hù
- Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): hu1 / hu7
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6vu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fú
- Wade–Giles: fu2
- Yale: fú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
- Palladius: фу (fu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fu4
- Yale: fùh
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu4
- Guangdong Romanization: fu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hù
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hu1 / hu7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hu / hū
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu³³/, /hu¹¹/
- (Teochew)
Note: hu7 - sentence-final..
- Middle Chinese: bju
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]a/, /*ba/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ba/
Definitions
edit夫
- † A generic personal pronoun – he; she; it; they.
- † A generic demonstrative pronoun – this; that; these; those.
- † Sentence-initial particle which introduces a topic.
- † Sentence-final particle, meaning “Is it not?”.
- 子在川上，曰：「逝者如斯夫！不舍晝夜。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ zài chuān shàng, yuē: “Shìzhěrúsī fú! Bù shè zhòuyè.” [Pinyin]
- The Master standing by a stream, said, "It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!"
子在川上，曰：「逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † Meaningless particle in the middle of a sentence.
Synonyms
editCompounds
editEtymology 3
edit| For pronunciation and definitions of 夫 – see 伕. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 伕). |
Notes:
|
Etymology 4
editShort for 夫佬 (fu1 lou2).
Pronunciation
edit- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fu1
- Yale: fū
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu1
- Guangdong Romanization: fu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
edit夫
Compounds
editReferences
edit- “夫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[4], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
editKanji
edit夫
Readings
edit- Go-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)、ぶ (bu)
- Kan-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
- Kan’yō-on: ふう (fū, Jōyō †)
- Kun: おっと (otto, 夫, Jōyō)←をつと (wotuto, をつと, historical)、それ (sore, 夫れ)
- Nanori: お (o)、と (to)、ゆう (yū)、よ (yo)
Compounds
editCompounds
Etymology 1
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 夫 |
| おっと Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
Shift from older unattested 男人 (wofito), synchronically analyzable as a compound of 男 (wo → o, “male, man”) + 人 (fito → hito, “person”).[1][2][3]
Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *wopitə, with many Ryukyuan cognates.
First attested in roughly 1220.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- [from 1220] husband
Etymology 2
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 夫 |
| つま Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 妻 |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712.[6]
Cognate with 端 (tsuma, “edge, side of something”), from the sense of "person by one's side".[6][2]
Generally spelled 夫 in reference to a husband and 妻 in reference to a wife.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editUsage notes
editIn modern usage, the term tsuma is usually reserved for the sense wife, and is therefore spelled 妻 in kanji, while husband is usually expressed using the term 夫 (otto).[5]
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “夫・良人・所天”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “夫”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 “妻・夫”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][3] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 夫 (MC pju). Recorded as Middle Korean 부 (pwu) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
edit
Compounds
editCompounds
References
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [5]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
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- Hakka hanzi
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- Hokkien hanzi
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- Wu hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
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- Chinese nouns
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- Hakka nouns
- Northern Min nouns
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- Hokkien nouns
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- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 夫
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Mandarin terms with quotations
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese contractions
- Chinese pronouns
- Mandarin pronouns
- Cantonese pronouns
- Eastern Min pronouns
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- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Chinese simplified forms
- Cantonese Chinese
- Chinese informal terms
- zh:Card games
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese fourth grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ふ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ぶ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ふ
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading ふう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おっと
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading をつと
- Japanese kanji with kun reading そ・れ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading お
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading と
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ゆう
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading よ
- Japanese terms spelled with 夫 read as おっと
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms historically spelled with を
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 夫
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 夫 read as つま
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- ja:Family
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters