Nezih Okur
Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey, Poultry Science, Faculty Member
Calismada klasik, serbest gezinmeli ve organik etlik pilicler ile etlik pilic anaclari ve koy tavugundan elde edilen but ve gogus etlerinin fiziksel ve duyusal ozellikleri karsilastirilmistir. Bu amacla, etlerin su tutma kapasitesi,... more
Calismada klasik, serbest gezinmeli ve organik etlik pilicler ile etlik pilic anaclari ve koy tavugundan elde edilen but ve gogus etlerinin fiziksel ve duyusal ozellikleri karsilastirilmistir. Bu amacla, etlerin su tutma kapasitesi, pisirme kaybi ve renk parametreleri(L*, a*, b* Hu, Ch ve ΔE) belirlenmistir. Duyusal analizler, but ve gogus etleri konveksiyonel firinda 180°C de 40 dakika pisirme isleminden sonra gerceklestirilmistir. Farkli yetistirme sistemlerinden elde edilen tavuklarin gogus ve but etlerinin su tutma kapasiteleri arasinda onemli bir farklilik olmadigi gorulmustur (P>0.05). Buna karsilik gogus ve but etlerinin pisirme kayiplari arasindaki farkliligin onemli oldugu bulunmustur (P<0.01). En yuksek ve en dusuk pisirme kayiplari gogus eti icin klasik etlik pilic ve koy tavugunda (sirasiyla %56.95 ve %16.56), but eti icin ise serbest gezinmeli ve organik piliclerde (sirasiyla %51.21 ve %18.60) gorulmustur. Klasik, serbest gezinmeli ve organik tavuklarin but etleri...
Research Interests: Mathematics and Broiler
Two different trials were realized in this study. The effects of egg storage time (2-10 days) and turning frequency (24-96 times/day) applied through incubation in first, the effects of breeder age (young-old) and incubation program... more
Two different trials were realized in this study. The effects of egg storage time (2-10 days) and turning frequency (24-96 times/day) applied through incubation in first, the effects of breeder age (young-old) and incubation program (classic-new) in second on hatchability of fertile eggs and broiler performance were investigated. The hatchability of fertile eggs in young flocks was higher than olds. It was found that decreased fertile hatchability at 10-day storage time were improved by 96 times/day turning frequency. Although, the fertile hatchability in new program was higher than classic, but differences were not significant. Whereas hatchling body weight of chicks obtained from the eggs stored for 10 days was higher, 14th and 35th broiler body weights were lower. Also, only 14th day broiler body weight from 96 times/day turning was higher. However, it was found that an association between flock age and program and the fertile hatchability of old flocks were increased, when they ...
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BackgroundThe effect of stocking density on slaughter performance and meat quality were primarily investigated in this research. Pekin ducks were reared until slaughter age (42 days) in three different stocking density groups (three, five... more
BackgroundThe effect of stocking density on slaughter performance and meat quality were primarily investigated in this research. Pekin ducks were reared until slaughter age (42 days) in three different stocking density groups (three, five and seven ducklings/m2) in four replicate pens. To compare the slaughter performance of the ducklings’ live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, thigh and breast meat weight and yield, and edible giblets weight (heart, liver and gizzard) were investigated. The meat quality was compared between the treatment groups based on dry matter ratio, cooking loss, water holding capacity, pH values, and colour parameters (L*, a*, b*, c*, h* and ΔE* values). Results Carcass weight, carcass yield, thigh and breast meat weight were found to decrease in parallel to the increasing stocking density, resulting in a reduction in thigh and breast meat weights and ratios (P˂0.05). Increasing the stocking density decreased the heart weight, and positively improved the...
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Bu araştırmada, birbirinden bağımsız 2 deneme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci denemede depolama süresi (2-10 gün) ve kuluçkada çevirme sıklığının (24-96 adet/gün), ikinci denemede damızlık yaşının (genç-yaşlı) ve gelişim makinesindeki... more
Bu araştırmada, birbirinden bağımsız 2 deneme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci denemede depolama süresi (2-10 gün) ve kuluçkada çevirme sıklığının (24-96 adet/gün), ikinci denemede damızlık yaşının (genç-yaşlı) ve gelişim makinesindeki kuluçka programının (klasik-yeni) çıkış gücü ve saha performansı üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Genç sürü yumurtalarında çıkış gücü yaşlı sürülere göre daha yüksek olmuştur. 10 gün depolanan yumurtalarda azalan çıkış gücünün, 96 defa/gün çevirme ile iyileştiği bulunmuştur. Buna karşılık, yeni kuluçka programına göre çalıştırılan gelişim makinesine konulan yumurtalarda çıkış gücü, klasik programa göre çalışan makinedekilere göre rakamsal olarak daha yüksek olmakla birlikte, farklılık önemli olmamıştır. Depolama süresi dışındaki muamelelerde nispeten yüksek olan saha performansı istatistik olarak önemli olmamıştır. 10 gün depolanan yumurtalardan elde edilen civcivlerde çıkım ağırlığı yükselmiş fakat 14. gün ve 35. gün canlı ağırlıkları azalmıştır. Buna ka...
Çalışmada klasik, serbest gezinmeli ve organik etlik piliçler ile etlik piliç anaçları ve köy tavuğundan elde edilen but ve göğüs etlerinin fiziksel ve duyusal özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, etlerin su tutma kapasitesi,... more
Çalışmada klasik, serbest gezinmeli ve organik etlik piliçler ile etlik piliç anaçları ve köy tavuğundan elde edilen but ve göğüs etlerinin fiziksel ve duyusal özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, etlerin su tutma kapasitesi, pişirme kaybı ve renk parametreleri(L*, a*, b* Hu, Ch ve ΔE) belirlenmiştir. Duyusal analizler, but ve göğüs etleri konveksiyonel fırında 180°C de 40 dakika pişirme işleminden sonra gerçekleştirilmiştir. Farklı yetiştirme sistemlerinden elde edilen tavukların göğüs ve but etlerinin su tutma kapasiteleri arasında önemli bir farklılık olmadığı görülmüştür (P>0.05). Buna karşılık göğüs ve but etlerinin pişirme kayıpları arasındaki farklılığın önemli olduğu bulunmuştur (P<0.01). En yüksek ve en düşük pişirme kayıpları göğüs eti için klasik etlik piliç ve köy tavuğunda (sırasıyla %56.95 ve %16.56), but eti için ise serbest gezinmeli ve organik piliçlerde (sırasıyla %51.21 ve %18.60) görülmüştür. Klasik, serbest gezinmeli ve organik tavukların but etleri...
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Bu arastirmada kulucka performansina bildircinlarda (Coturnix coturnix japonica) tuy renginin etkisi incelenmistir. Dolluluk orani (D), erken donem (ED) ve son donem + kabugunu kirmis cikamamis (SDEM + KKC) embriyo olumleri ile cikis gucu... more
Bu arastirmada kulucka performansina bildircinlarda (Coturnix coturnix japonica) tuy renginin etkisi incelenmistir. Dolluluk orani (D), erken donem (ED) ve son donem + kabugunu kirmis cikamamis (SDEM + KKC) embriyo olumleri ile cikis gucu (CG) bu arastirmada incelenen kulucka performansiyla ilgili ozellikler olmustur. Arastirmada orta yasli (15 hafta) orijinal (kircilli kahverengi) ve beyaz tuylu damizlik bildircinlardan elde edilen toplam 144 kuluckalik yumurta kullanilmistir. Orjinal ve beyaz tuylu bildircin yumurtalari icin sirasiyla % 73.11 ve 72.90 D, % 4.44 ve % 4.88 ED, % 11.92 ve % 6.29 SDEM + KKC, % 78.86 ve % 80.20 CG degerleri elde edilmistir. Sonuc olarak orjinal renkte tuylere sahip bildircinlara gore beyaz tuylulerden elde edilen kuluckalik yumurtalarda rakamsal olarak D oraninin biraz dusuk, ED oranlarinin biraz yuksek, buna karsilik LPU oranlarinin biraz dusuk ve buna bagli olarak CG oranlarinin da biraz daha yuksek oldugu gorulmustur. Ancak muameleler arsindaki fark...
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The effect of plumage colours of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on some egg quality parameters and their relations amongst were studied in this study. A total of 144 hatching eggs which were obtained from middle-aged (13... more
The effect of plumage colours of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on some egg quality parameters and their relations amongst were studied in this study. A total of 144 hatching eggs which were obtained from middle-aged (13 week) quail breeders having two different (original and white) plumage colours (77 orginal and 77 white) were used in the experiment. Egg weight (EW), egg length (EL), egg width (EWd) and shape index (SI) were studied parameters for egg quality. Coefficient correlation and regretion were analyzed for relation among these parameters. Average EW were 10.79 g and 9.54 g, EL were 31.59 mm and 31.57 mm, EWd were 25.85 mm and 24.68 mm, SI were 81.86 and 78.29 in eggs of quails with original and white plumage of this study respectively. EW, EWd and SI values were higher in quails with black feathers than those with white feathers (P 0.05) in both treatment groups in the experiment. When the correlation coefficients were examined, it was found that the correla...
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The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) and physical activity. We studied its effect on penicilline induced epilepticus (Pie) in gerbils. Pie was induced by administration of penicilline G... more
The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) and physical activity. We studied its effect on penicilline induced epilepticus (Pie) in gerbils. Pie was induced by administration of penicilline G (500 IU, ip). The gerbils were divided randomly in four groups (6 animals per each group) and studied as described below: 1) Control group 2) Exercise group (30 min/each day for 8 weeks) (Eg) 3) Extract group, 50mg/kg/day/animal in 1 ml saline, 3 h prior to exercise (Exe) 4) Exercise+Extract + (Exe+Ex). The severity of Pie was observed and recorded. The means of latencies (Mean±SE) were 236±45, 369±36, 386±58 and 433±37 ms in groups of control, Exe, Ex, and Exe+Ex respectively. The mean spike latency significantly (P=0,033 F=3,560) decreased in Exe, Ex and Exe+Ex when compared control. Although spike frequency significantly (P<0.05) diminished in groups of Exe and Ex, no significant decrease was observed in control and Exe+Ex. Similar trend was s...
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Bu arastirmada, entansif sartlarda yetistirilen Pekin ordeklerinde kulucka randimaninin iyilestirilmesi amaciyla birbirinden bagimsiz uc deneme gerceklestirilmistir. Kulucka randimanini yukseltmek amaciyla, kuluckalik ordek... more
Bu arastirmada, entansif sartlarda yetistirilen Pekin ordeklerinde kulucka randimaninin iyilestirilmesi amaciyla birbirinden bagimsiz uc deneme gerceklestirilmistir. Kulucka randimanini yukseltmek amaciyla, kuluckalik ordek yumurtalarinda, depolama suresi(0-7gun ve 7-14gun), yumurta temizligi(temiz, yikanmis ve kirli) ve spreylemenin etkisi incelenmistir. Temiz, yikanmis ve kirli yumurtalardaki kulucka randimani sirasiyla %69.38, %62 ve %54.9 olmustur. 0-7 gun depolanan yumurtalarda %69.49, 7-14 gun depolananlarda %56.7 kulucka randimani elde edilmistir. Ayrica kulucka randimani, spreylenen yumurtalarda %70, spreylenmeyenlerde %58.4 olmustur. Muamele gruplari arasindaki fark istatistik acidan onemsiz bulunmustur (p>0.05). Bununla birlikte, spreyleme uygulandigi takdirde, 0-7gun depolanan temiz yumurtalarda en yuksek randimanin alinabilecegi acikca gorulmektedir.
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Physical and sensory properties of thigh and breast meat were obtained from classic broilers, free- range broilers, organic breeder and village hens were compared in this study. For this purpose, water holding capacity, cooking loss and... more
Physical and sensory properties of thigh and breast meat were obtained from classic broilers, free- range broilers, organic breeder and village hens were compared in this study. For this purpose, water holding capacity, cooking loss and colour parameters (L *, a *, b *, H, Ch and ΔE) of meats were determined. After thigh and breast meat cooked in a conventional oven at 180°C for 40 minutes sensory analysis were performed. Any significant difference was determined between water holding capacities of chicken breast and thigh meats derived from different production systems. In contrast, it was found that significant (P<0.01) difference between cooking losses of the breast and the thigh meats. The highest and the lowest cooking losses were observed in conventional and village broilers (56.95% and 16.56%, respectively) for breast meat and free-range and organic chicken (51.21% and 18.60%, respectively) for thigh meat. Thigh meats of conventional, free-range and organic broilers have b...
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The effects of incubator carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) concentrations with parental stock age (PSA) on embryonic deaths (ED), hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE), some blood parameters, and the tissue development of broilers were... more
The effects of incubator carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) concentrations with parental stock age (PSA) on embryonic deaths (ED), hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE), some blood parameters, and the tissue development of broilers were investigated. Four consecutive repetitions following the similar materials and methods were carried. From 3 different aged ROSS 308 broiler parental flocks 7,680 hatching eggs were obtained and classified as young (Y; 29 wk), middle (M; 37 wk) and old (O; 55 wk) as regards PSA, and randomly distributed. Four different incubator ventilation programs (IVP) as control (C; 0.67% CO2 and 20.33% O2), high CO2 (HC; 1.57% CO2 and 20.26% O2), high O2 (HO; 0.50% CO2 and 21.16% O2), and high CO2 + O2 (HCO; 1.17% CO2 21.03% O2) were applied with oxygen concentrator, and ED and HFE were investigated. Lung and heart tissues, hemoglobin value, packed cell volume, and red blood cell count, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) values of the chicks were analyzed. It was found that IVP affected ED and HFE. Higher rate of early ED (EED) was obtained from the HC than HCO, and higher middle+late stage+pipped but unhatched ED (MLPED) with a lower rate of HFE was observed in the C group than HO and HCO (P < 0.05). Association was found between PSA and IVP (P < 0.05), being more evident in EED for young PSA, in MLPED with HFE for Y and O PSA. From hematological values, no statistical difference in RBC, PCV, and Hb values were found among the treatment groups, ACTH concentration known as a response to stress was found to be higher than C in all groups, triiodothyronine concentration was higher in the HO group than C. In the histopathological examination, used IVPs were found to have negative effects on the lung and heart such as vacuolization, hemorrhage in all PSA groups except for C. Conclusively, PSA and IVP affected some hatching, blood and tissue development parameters of the broiler chicks.
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The aim of the research was to determine whether enrichment of the atmosphere in an incubator with carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) and eggshell thickness (EST) affected embryonic death (ED), hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE) and... more
The aim of the research was to determine whether enrichment of the atmosphere in an incubator with carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) and eggshell thickness (EST) affected embryonic death (ED), hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE) and hatching time (HT). A total of 320 Ross 308 eggs were used and the experiment was repeated twice. Eggshell thickness was classified as thin (<31 μm), medium (31 - 32 μm) and thick (>32 μm). The incubators were operated with their internal atmosphere enriched with CO2 (1.57% CO2; 20.23% O2) or O2 (0.50% CO2; 22.44% O2). Embryonic death, HFE and HT data were monitored at three periods, namely early (<486 hours), middle (486 - 492 hours), and late (492 - 510 hours). Early ED, late ED and hatchability of fertile eggs were not affected by EST or by the incubator’s internal atmosphere (P >0.05). Thus, O2 supplementation to the incubator was deemed unnecessary at 822 m altitude. There was a highly significant interaction between EST and HT. Eggs w...
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Broiler yetistiriciliginde performansi etkileyen cok sayida ozellik icerisinde kulucka ile ilgili ozellikler onem tasimaktadir. Bu arastirmada damizlik yasina, damizlik yumurta depolama suresine, gelisim makinesindeki kulucka programina... more
Broiler yetistiriciliginde performansi etkileyen cok sayida ozellik icerisinde kulucka ile ilgili ozellikler onem tasimaktadir. Bu arastirmada damizlik yasina, damizlik yumurta depolama suresine, gelisim makinesindeki kulucka programina ve cevirme sikligina bagli olarak cikis gucundeki degismeler ve bunlarin broiler performansi uzerindeki etkileri incelenmistir. Bu amacla iki deneme yurutulmustur.Birinci denemede yumurta depolama suresi ve cevirmenin etkisi arastirilmistir. Cikis gucu 2 gun depolanan yumurtalarda 10gun depolananlara gore daha yuksek bulunmustur (P 0,05).
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Kuşkusuz hindi üretiminin her aşaması ekonomik verimlilik üzerine etkili olmakla birlikte palaz büyütme aşaması diğer dönemlere göre etkisi kalıcı olmaktadır. Kayıp oranı düşürülmüş, yetiştirme amacına göre canlı ağırlık kazanımını... more
Kuşkusuz hindi üretiminin her aşaması ekonomik verimlilik üzerine etkili olmakla birlikte palaz büyütme aşaması diğer dönemlere göre etkisi kalıcı olmaktadır. Kayıp oranı düşürülmüş, yetiştirme amacına göre canlı ağırlık kazanımını üniform sağlanmış bir sürü, gerek hindi besisi ve gerekse damızlık yetiştiriciliğinde verimliliğin en önemli materyalini oluşturmaktadır. Bu dönemde beklenmeyen sonuçlardan kaçınmak ve verimli sürü performansı sağlamak amacıyla önem verilen konular ele alınmıştır.
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The aim of this study was to determine the fattening and slaughter performance of Pekin ducks. For this purpose, a total of eighteen male ducklings were fed during 8 weeks in the first stage. 2433g average live weight (ALW) with 2,4 feed... more
The aim of this study was to determine the fattening and slaughter performance of Pekin ducks. For this purpose, a total of eighteen male ducklings were fed during 8 weeks in the first stage. 2433g average live weight (ALW) with 2,4 feed conversion ratio (FCR) were obtained at the end of fattening period. Average live weight, carcass yield, carcass weight, heart - liver weight and gizzard weight were measured as 2480 g, 65.3%, 1620 g, 124 g and 74 g respectively in slaughtered five male ducks.
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Relation among some parameters used for determining egg quality was studied in this research. Egg weight (EW), egg length (EL), egg width (EWd) and shape index (SI) was the studied parameters. A total of 1920 hatching eggs which were... more
Relation among some parameters used for determining egg quality was studied in this research. Egg weight (EW), egg length (EL), egg width (EWd) and shape index (SI) was the studied parameters. A total of 1920 hatching eggs which were obtained from middle-aged (39 week) broiler breeders were used. In the first stage of this study, EW, EL, EWd were measured and SI values were calculated from these parameters. Average EW was 64.40 ± 0.04 g, EL was 57.35 ± 1.31 mm, EWd was 44.81 ± 0.61 mm and SI was 78.19 ± 0.10 in eggs of this study. In the second stage, coefficients of variation, correlation coefficients and regression equations were calculated for determining of relations among these parameters. Significant (p < 0.05) and significant correlation levels among EW and EL and EWd were determined (r = 0.582 and 0.734, respectively). Meanwhile, significant and high coefficient correlation among EW and SI was not found (p > 0.05) like egg width and egg length. Meanwhile, it was determined that egg width was more important variable than egg length and shape index for estimation of egg weight. Also, it was found that egg weight value could be estimated in higher accuracy by using egg width values instead of egg length and shape index values. Özet Bu araştırmada yumurta kalitesinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan bazı özellikler arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Yumurta ağırlığı (YA), yumurta boyu (YB), yumurta eni (YE) ve şekil indeksi (Şİ) bu araştırmada incelenen özellikler olmuştur. Araştırmada orta yaşlı (39 hafta) etlik damızlıklardan elde edilen 1920 yumurta kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında bu yumurtalardaki YA, YB, YG değerleri ölçülmüş ve bu veriler kullanılarak Şİ değerleri hesaplanmıştır. İkinci aşamada bu özellikler arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi için varyasyon katsayıları, aralarındaki korelasyon katsayıları ile regresyon denklemi hesaplanmıştır. Çalışılan yumurtalarda YA 64.40 ± 0.04 g, YB 57.35 ± 1.31 mm ve YG 44.81 ± 0.61 mm ve Şİ 78.19 ± 0.10 olmuştur. YA ile YB ve YG arasında önemli (p < 0.05) seviyede bir korelasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir (sırasıyla r = 0.582 ve 0.734). Buna karşılık YA ile Şİ arasında yumurta eni ve yumurta boyuna benzer şekilde önemli ve yüksek seviyede bir ilişki tespit edilmemiştir. Buna göre, yumurta ağırlığını tahminde yumurta genişliğinin, yumurta boyu ve şekil indeksine göre daha önemli bir değişken olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, yumurta boyu veya şekil indeksi değeri yerine yumurta genişliği değeri kullanılarak yumurta ağırlığının daha yüksek bir doğrulukla tahmin edilebileceği bulunmuştur (sırasıyla 53.87%, 33.87% ve 0.08%).