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This is a simply written account of some of the most complex and fascinating mysteries ever to have confronted mankind. How did life on earth originate? How did we come to inhabit the planet in the company of such a bewildering array of... more
This is a simply written account of some of the most complex and fascinating mysteries ever to have confronted mankind. How did life on earth originate? How did we come to inhabit the planet in the company of such a bewildering array of plant and animals? Why did the dinosaurs grow so large? How are new species formed?
The interaction between figs and their pollinating or parasitic fig wasps is mediated largely by chemical communication. These fig wasps are often preyed upon by predatory ants. In this study, we found that predatory ants (Oecophylla... more
The interaction between figs and their pollinating or parasitic fig wasps is mediated largely by chemical communication. These fig wasps are often preyed upon by predatory ants. In this study, we found that predatory ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) patrolling Ficus racemosa trees were attracted to the odour from fig syconia at different developmental phases, as well as to the odours of fig wasps, whereas other predatory ants (Technomyrmex albipes) responded only to odours of syconia from which fig wasps were dispersing and to fig wasp odour. However, trophobiont-tending ants (Myrmicaria brunnea) patrolling the same trees and exposed to the same volatiles were unresponsive to fig or fig wasp odours. The predatory ants demonstrated a concentration-dependent response towards volatiles from figs receptive to pollinators and those from which wasps were dispersing while the trophobiont-tending ants were unresponsive to such odours at all concentrations. Naïve predatory ants failed to respond to the volatiles to which the experienced predatory ants responded, indicating that the response to fig-related odours is learned. We suggest that predatory ants could use fig-associated volatiles to enhance their probability of wasp encounter and can eavesdrop on signals meant for pollinators.
... site was dominated by Termina-lia tomentosa (Combretaceae), T. paniculata, Apo-rosa lindleyana (Euphorbiaceae ... diet during fruit abundances >10%) were Holigarna arnottiana (Anacardiaceae) (23.8%), Aporosa lindleyana (20.5... more
... site was dominated by Termina-lia tomentosa (Combretaceae), T. paniculata, Apo-rosa lindleyana (Euphorbiaceae ... diet during fruit abundances >10%) were Holigarna arnottiana (Anacardiaceae) (23.8%), Aporosa lindleyana (20.5 ... 9, A = 10, M = 10, J= 10, J = 10, A = 5, S = ...
Page 1. Clipboard Of pungency, pain, and naked mole rats: chili peppers revisited Capsaicinoids are unique to the chili pepper genus Capsicum within the plant family Solanaceae. The family is also known for species that produce ...
Page 70. The Anatomy of Ignorance or Ecology in a Fragmented Landscape: Do We Know What Really Counts? RENEE M. BORGES Most natural landscapes are fragmented and the extent of frag-mentation varies with global location and landscape type.... more
Page 70. The Anatomy of Ignorance or Ecology in a Fragmented Landscape: Do We Know What Really Counts? RENEE M. BORGES Most natural landscapes are fragmented and the extent of frag-mentation varies with global location and landscape type. ...

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A decade ago, climate change was neither a buzz word nor a cause for concern. Today, it is an important focus of research. As our understanding of ecological processes deepens, those processes that superficially appear to be far removed... more
A decade ago, climate change was neither a buzz word nor a cause for concern. Today, it is an important focus of research. As our understanding of ecological processes deepens, those processes that superficially appear to be far removed from vertebrate–plant interactions may actually have considerable impact through direct or indirect effects. This talk will detail the various ways in which contemporary climate change could affect interactions between plants and vertebrates. Since plant-animal interactions are an order removed from the impact of climate change on plants and animals taken singly, it is necessary to document first-order and then higher-order effects if any predications need to be made about the future of plant-animal interactions under such changing scenarios. First-order effects depend on the spectrum of variability in past climates that plants and animals have been exposed to and thus on the ghost of adaptation past. Higher-order effects will therefore be built from combined adaptabilities. This talk will attempt to connect the impact of climate change on phytosociology, physiognomy, physiology, and plant chemistry and to link these effects to the processes of herbivory, pollination, seed dispersal, and seedling establishment, and thereby to the future of such interactions. This presentation will span examples from specialised to more generalized systems and also attempt a community approach.